Springer Remote Sensing/Photogrammetry S. Hazra A. Mukhopadhyay A.R. Ghosh D. Mitra V.K. Dadhwal Editors Environment and Earth Observation Case Studies in India Springer Remote Sensing/Photogrammetry More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/10182 S. Hazra A. Mukhopadhyay A.R. Ghosh (cid:129) (cid:129) D. Mitra V.K. Dadhwal (cid:129) Editors Environment and Earth Observation Case Studies in India 123 Editors S. Hazra D.Mitra Schoolof Oceanographic Studies Marine andAtmospheric Studies JadavpurUniversity Indian Space Research Organisation Kolkata Dehradun India India A.Mukhopadhyay V.K.Dadhwal Schoolof Oceanographic Studies Indian Space Research Organisation JadavpurUniversity National Remote SensingCentre Kolkata, West Bengal Hyderabad India India A.R. Ghosh Department ofScience andTechnology Kolkata, West Bengal India ISSN 2198-0721 ISSN 2198-073X (electronic) SpringerRemote Sensing/Photogrammetry ISBN978-3-319-46008-6 ISBN978-3-319-46010-9 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-46010-9 LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2016951647 ©SpringerInternationalPublishingSwitzerland2017 Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsarereservedbythePublisher,whetherthewholeorpart of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission orinformationstorageandretrieval,electronicadaptation,computersoftware,orbysimilarordissimilar methodologynowknownorhereafterdeveloped. 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Printedonacid-freepaper ThisSpringerimprintispublishedbySpringerNature TheregisteredcompanyisSpringerInternationalPublishingAG Theregisteredcompanyaddressis:Gewerbestrasse11,6330Cham,Switzerland Editorial Among the modern and emerging disciplines of natural science, remote sensing technologies havebecomeasignificant andworldwide tool forvariousapproaches towards monitoring, assessment and conservation of natural resources and envi- ronment.Remotesensingmakesitpossibletocollectinformationaboutanobjector a phenomenon without making physical contact with it. This phenomenon is especially helpful in the case of monitoring areas which are difficult to access or sometimes simply inaccessible. With the availability of remotely sensed data from different sensors of various platforms with a wide range of spatiotemporal, radio- metric,andspectralresolutionshasmaderemotesensingperhaps,thebestsourceof data for large-scale applications and study. Recent advances made in microwave sensing, hyperspectral imaging and high spatial resolution offer promising tech- niquestocultivatevariousaspectsrelatedtomonitoringlarge-scaleenvironmentin a fruitful and cost-effective way. Applying remote sensing in understanding hydrological processes, several oceanic features along with mapping inventory of water resources across different spatial and temporal scales can bring about tremendous outputs. In the field offorestry and agriculture, terrain analysis, forest management, updating of existing forest and agricultural inventories, vegetation covertypediscrimination,delineationofburnedareasandmappingofclearedareas are done applying various techniques of remote sensing. Climate change and climate-induced disasters have become a menace for the present-day scientists. Remote sensing seems to be the most efficient tool for studying, monitoring and hence formulating preventive strategies for combating such phenomenon. This book would not have seen the light without the assistance of the Department of Science and Technology, Govt. of West Bengal. The active par- ticipationofNationalRemoteSensingCentre(NRSC),Hyderabad;IndianInstitute ofRemoteSensing(IIRS),DehradunandJadavpurUniversity,WestBengalisalso humbly acknowledged. v Contents Part I Remote Sensing of Landscape and Environment Geospatial Analysis for Industrial Site Suitability Using AHP Modeling: A Case Study. .... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 3 Chalantika L. Salui and Punnya Brata Hazra Standalone Open-Source GIS-Based Tools for Land and Water Resource Development Plan Generation . .... .... .... .... ..... .... 23 Arati Paul, V.M. Chowdary, Dibyendu Dutta and J.R. Sharma Downscaling of Coarse Resolution Satellite Remote Sensing Thermal Data. .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 35 Sandip Mukherjee, P.K. Joshi and R.D. Garg Future Projection of Rainfall by Statistical Downscaling Method in a Part of Central India.... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 57 Sananda Kundu, Deepak Khare and Arun Mondal Part II Remote Sensing of Agriculture and Forestry Identification of Crop Types with the Fuzzy Supervised Classification Using AWiFS and LISS-III Images. .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 73 Arun Mondal, Deepak Khare and Sananda Kundu Application of Remote Sensing in Assessing the Impacts of Mahatma GandhiNationalRuralEmploymentGuaranteeAct(MGNREGA),in Ratlam District, Madhya Pradesh, India. .... .... .... .... ..... .... 87 Bhaskar Sinha, Deep Narayan Singh, Anoma Basu and Mili Ghosh Mangrove Forest Cover Changes in Indian Sundarban (1986–2012) Using Remote Sensing and GIS.... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 97 Kaberi Samanta and Sugata Hazra vii viii Contents Change Detection of Vegetation Cover Using Synthetic Color Composite with Some Other Techniques. .... .... .... .... ..... .... 109 A.S. Seikh, A. Halder and S. Mukhopadhyay Part III Remote Sensing of Coast and Ocean Estimation of Air-Sea CO Exchange and Decadal Change of Surface 2 Water fCO inaShallowContinental Shelf UsinginSitu andRemote 2 Sensing Data During Winter . ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 123 Anirban Akhand, Sudip Manna, Partho Pratim Mondal, Abhra Chanda, Sachinandan Dutta, Sourav Das, Sugata Hazra, Debasish Mitra, P.V. Nagamani, K.H. Rao, S.B. Choudhury and V.K. Dadhwal Identification of River Discontinuity Using Geo-Informatics to Improve Freshwater Flow and Ecosystem Services in Indian Sundarban Delta... .... .... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 137 Tuhin Bhadra, Anirban Mukhopadhyay and Sugata Hazra Comparative Assessment of Morphological and Landuse/Landcover Change Pattern of Sagar, Ghoramara, and Mousani Island of Indian Sundarban Delta Through Remote Sensing .. .... .... .... ..... .... 153 Rituparna Hajra, Amit Ghosh and Tuhin Ghosh Part IV Remote Sensing of Natural Hazards A Comparative Evaluation of Weight-Rating and Analytical Hierarchical (AHP) for Landslide Susceptibility Mapping in Dhalai District, Tripura ... .... .... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 175 Kapil Ghosh, Shreya Bandyopadhyay and Sunil Kumar De Micro Level Vulnerability Assessment of a Community Living in Mousuni Island in the Indian Sundarban: An Integrated Study Employing Geoinformatics... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 195 Bimalesh Samanta, Shouvik Das and Sugata Hazra Analyzing Trends of Urbanization and Concomitantly Increasing Environmental Cruciality—A Case of the Cultural City, Kolkata . .... 215 Richa Sharma, P.K. Joshi and Sandip Mukherjee Part V Remote Sensing of Wild Habitat Habitat Suitability Modelling for Sambar (Rusa unicolor): A Remote Sensing and GIS Approach .. ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 231 Ekwal Imam Contents ix SnowLeopardHabitatModelingUsingNeuro-FuzzyTechniqueanda ComparativeAnalysisBetweenTraditionalOverlayandNeuro-Fuzzy Technique—A Case Study of Chamoli and Pithorgarh District of Uttarakhand .. .... .... .... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 247 S. Sen, G. Areedran and C.K. Singh Index .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 265 Introduction The urge for the acquisition of information regarding any object or even a phenomenon undergoing in and around that object without making any physical contactwiththeobjectdatesbackto1840swhenprimitivephotographswereused to be taken from cameras secured to tethered balloons in order to carry out topo- graphic mapping. However, with the advancement of technology, attempts of satellite-based imaging started its venture in the 1950s. The term ‘remote sensing’ was then coined for the first time in the United States of America. Among the various possible definitions of the term ‘remote sensing’, the most lucid one states that it is the art and science of identifying, observing and measuring an object without cominginto directcontactwith it. Now thefield of‘remotesensing’ hasa vast expanse and it has become indispensable in various earth science based dis- ciplines such as geology, oceanography, ecology, marine science, hydrology, agriculture and forestry. Remote sensing has also found a wide spread application in the fields such as military, intelligence, crime management, commercial, eco- nomic, planning and so forth. The present book is an attempt to assemble various scholarly works throwing light on the several technologies and applications of remote sensing which can benefit the modern-day environmental scientists for better understanding and monitoring of the earth and earthly processes. The edited chapters of the present book are subclassified into five separate domains: ‘remote sensing of landscape and environment’, ‘remote sensing of agriculture and for- estry’,‘remotesensingofcoastandocean’,‘remotesensingofnaturalhazards’and lastly‘remotesensingofwildhabitat’.Briefintroductionsaboutthethemeofeach and every chapter under these subcategories are discussed in this chapter. ‘Landscape and environment’ are perhaps the two most important spheres, wheretheuseandsignificanceofremotesensingwaslongunderstood.Multifarious activitiestakeplaceinbothshort-termandlong-termtemporalscalewhichneedsto be monitored over a large spatial scale. This is where it was first realized that the in situ data collection process will not merely serve the purpose of knowing each andeverynookandcornerofalargespatialextent.Moreover,monitoringatafixed short-termscalewasalsomanyatimesnotfeasiblebyinsitumethods.Thusremote sensing emerged as a very efficient tool which coupled with in situ data collection xi