Eurasian Studies in Business and Economics 3/1 Series Editors: Mehmet Huseyin Bilgin · Hakan Danis Mehmet Huseyin Bilgin Hakan Danis Editors Entrepreneurship, Business and Economics - Vol. 1 Proceedings of the 15th Eurasia Business and Economics Society Conference Eurasian Studies in Business and Economics 3/1 SeriesEditors MehmetHuseyinBilgin,Istanbul,Turkey HakanDanis,SanFrancisco,CA,USA Representing EurasiaBusinessandEconomicsSociety More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/13544 Mehmet Huseyin Bilgin (cid:129) Hakan Danis Editors Entrepreneurship, Business and Economics - Vol. 1 Proceedings of the 15th Eurasia Business and Economics Society Conference Editors MehmetHuseyinBilgin HakanDanis FacultyofEconomics MUFGUnionBank IstanbulMedeniyetUniversity SanFrancisco,CA Istanbul USA Turkey ISSN2364-5067 ISSN2364-5075 (electronic) EurasianStudiesinBusinessandEconomics ISBN978-3-319-27569-7 ISBN978-3-319-27570-3 (eBook) DOI10.1007/978-3-319-27570-3 LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2016930293 SpringerChamHeidelbergNewYorkDordrechtLondon ©SpringerInternationalPublishingSwitzerland2016 Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsarereservedbythePublisher,whetherthewholeorpartof the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilarmethodologynowknownorhereafterdeveloped. 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Printedonacid-freepaper Springer International Publishing AG Switzerland is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com) Preface This is the third issue of the Springer’s series Eurasian Studies in Business and Economics,whichistheofficialbookseriesoftheEurasiaBusinessandEconomics Society (EBES,www.ebesweb.org).Thisissueincludesselectedpaperspresented at the 15th EBES Conference that was held on January 8, 9, and 10, 2015, at the ISCTE-IULInstitutoUniversita(cid:1)riodeLisboainLisbon,Portugal,withthesupport of the Istanbul Economic Research Association. Due to space limitation, the acceptedpapersarepublishedintwovolumes.Allacceptedfull-lengthpapers for theissuewentthroughpeer-reviewprocessandbenefitedfromthecommentsmade duringtheconferenceaswell. Intheconference,369paperswerepresentedand628colleaguesfrom51coun- tries attended the conference. In addition to publication opportunities in EBES journals (Eurasian Business Review and Eurasian Economic Review, which are published by Springer), conference participants were given opportunity to submit theirfullpaperstothisissue.Weregretthatwecouldacceptonlyasmallportionof thosepapers. Theoretical and empirical papers in the series cover diverse areas of business, economics,andfinancefrommanydifferentcountries,providingavaluableoppor- tunity to researchers, professionals, and students to catch up with the most recent studiesinadiversesetoffieldsacrossmanycountriesandregions. EBES conferences have focused on the areas of economics, finance, and busi- ness. Therefore, each volume of the Eurasian Studies in Business and Economics series covers a wide variety of topics from business and economics and provides empirical results from many different countries and regions that are less investi- gated in the existing literature. The first volume of the set covers the following fields: 1. Entrepreneurship 2. SmallandMedium-SizedEnterprises 3. HumanResources 4. Management v vi Preface 5. Marketing 6. Tourism The first volume includes many empirical studies on developing European countries such as Poland, Romania, and Lithuania which are not extensively examined in the existing literature. Therefore, these papers should enlighten the researchersinterestedintheseregions. Thesecondvolumeofthesetfocusesmoreoneconomicsandfinance.Thebroad topicsthatvolumecovers: 1. Accounting 2. CorporateGovernance 3. EnergyStudies 4. EconomicGrowthandDevelopment 5. Economics 6. Banking&Finance Although the papers in the second volume provide empirical evidence from Eastern European countries, the readers would find them useful as some of the resultscouldbevalidforsimilareconomies. We believe that the accepted papers in this issue will provide an invaluable opportunityforourreaderstocatchupwiththemostrecentstudiesinadiverseset of fields across many countriesand regions and empiricalsupportfor the existing literature. On behalf of the Volume Editors and EBES officers, I would like to thank the hostinstitutionISCTE-IULInstitutoUniversita(cid:1)riodeLisboa,allpresenters,partic- ipants,boardmembers,andkeynotespeakersandlookforwardtoseeingyouatthe upcomingEBESconferences. Bestregards, Istanbul,Turkey EnderDemir Eurasia Business and Economics Society (EBES) EBES is a scholarly association for scholars involved in the practice and study of economics,finance,andbusinessworldwide.EBESwasfoundedin2008withthe purpose of not only promoting academic research in the field of business and economics but also encouraging the intellectual development of scholars. In spite oftheterm“Eurasia”,thescopeshouldbeunderstoodinitsbroadesttermashaving aglobalemphasis. EBES aims to bring worldwide researchers and professionals together through organizingconferencesandpublishingacademicjournalsandincreaseeconomics, finance,andbusinessknowledgethroughacademicdiscussions.Toreachitsgoal, EBESbenefitsfromitsexecutiveandadvisoryboardswhichconsistofwell-known academicians from all around the world. Every year, with the inclusion of new members,ourexecutiveandadvisoryboardsbecamemorediverseandinfluential.I wouldliketothankthemfortheirsupport. EBESconferencesandjournalsareopentoalleconomics,finance,andbusiness scholarsandprofessionalsaroundtheworld.Anyscholarorprofessionalinterested ineconomics, finance, andbusiness around the world is welcome toattend EBES conferences.Since2012,EBEShasbeenorganizingthreeconferenceseveryyear: One in Istanbul (usually in late May or early June) and two in Europe or Asia (usuallyinJanuaryandOctober).Sinceourfirstconference,3611academicpapers by6345colleaguesfrom91differentcountrieshavebeenpresented.Also,inavery shortperiodoftime,EBEShasreached1394membersfrom76countries. Since 2011, EBES has been publishing two academic journals. One of those journals,EurasianBusinessReview—EBR,isinthefieldsofindustryandbusiness, andtheotherone,EurasianEconomicReview—EER,isinthefieldsofeconomics and finance. Both journals are published biannually, and we are committed to having both journals included in SSCI as soon as possible. Both journals have been published by Springer since 2014 and are currently indexed in the EconLit, GoogleScholar,EBSCO,ProQuest,ABI/INFORM,BusinessSource,International BibliographyoftheSocialSciences(IBSS),OCLC,ResearchPapersinEconomics (RePEc),SummonbyProQuest,andTOCPremier. vii viii EurasiaBusinessandEconomicsSociety(EBES) Furthermore, since 2014 Springer has been publishing a new conference pro- ceedings series (Eurasian Studies in Business and Economics) which includes selectedpapersfromtheEBESconferences.The10th,11th,12th,and13thEBES ConferenceProceedingshavealreadybeenacceptedforinclusionintheThompson Reuters’ConferenceProceedingsCitationIndex,andsubsequentconferencepro- ceedingsareinprogress. On behalf of the EBES officers and Board, I sincerely thank you for your participationandlookforwardtoseeingyouatourfutureconferences. Withmyverybestwishes, Australia JonathanBatten,Ph.D. Contents PartI EntrepreneurshipandSmallandMedium-SizedEnterprises EntrepreneurialOpportunitiesPerceptionandIntentionswithin EuropeanInnovation-DrivenEconomiesUndertheShadow ofaFinancialCrisis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 MariaA.PerezAlonso,JoseCarlosSanchez,andDimitriosMaditinos ParticipationandSharingEconomy:TheSpanish Caseof#Compartirmola. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 JosepMart´ınez-Polo,Jesu´sT.Mart´ınez-Sa´nchez, andJose´ ManuelNogueraViv(cid:1)o DestimulantsoftheConvergenceProcessIllustratedwiththe ExampleoftheLevelofParticipationofPolishSMEsintheSeventh FrameworkProgramandPreparednesstoParticipateinthe Horizons2020Programs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 MonikaFabin´ska IsFranchisinganEfficientToolforEntrepreneurshipintheKnowledge Economy?. . . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . . .. . . .. . . .. 33 N.OykuIyigunandMilenaKeskin DevelopmentofSocialEntrepreneurshipinLithuanian Enterprises. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 JolitaGreblikaite TheDevelopmentofCreativeIndustriesinPolandComparison withtheEuropeanUnion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 MagdalenaRatalewska SurveyingEntrepreneurshipOrientationThroughTeamwork Assignments:TheCaseofKfupmStudents. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 M-SaidOukil ix