Enterprise Content and Search Management for Building Digital Platforms IEEEPressEditorialBoard TariqSamad,EditorinChief GeorgeW.Arnold XiaoouLi RayPerez GiancarloFortino VladimirLumelsky LindaShafer DmitryGoldgof Pui-InMak ZidongWang EkramHossain JeffreyNanzer MengChuZhou KennethMoore,DirectorofIEEEBookandInformationServices(BIS) AboutIEEEComputerSociety IEEE Computer Society is the world’s leading computing membership orga- nizationandthetrustedinformationandcareer-developmentsourceforaglobal workforceoftechnologyleadersincluding:professors,researchers,softwareengi- neers,ITprofessionals,employers,andstudents.Theunmatchedsourcefortech- nology information, inspiration, and collaboration, the IEEE Computer Society is the source that computing professionals trust to provide high-quality, state- of-the-art information on an on-demand basis. 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Wileyalsopublishesitsbooksinavarietyofelectronicformats.Somecontentthatappearsinprintmay notbeavailableinelectronicformats.FormoreinformationaboutWileyproducts,visitourwebsiteat www.wiley.com. LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData: Names:Shivakumar,ShaileshKumar,author. Title:Enterprisecontentandsearchmanagementforbuildingdigitalplatforms/ ShaileshShivakumar. Description:Hoboken:Wiley,2016.|Includesindex. Identifiers:LCCN2016032953(print)|LCCN2016048578(ebook)| ISBN9781119206811(paperback)|ISBN9781119206828(pdf)| ISBN9781119206835(epub) Subjects:LCSH:Management–Technologicalinnovations.|Digitalmedia–Management.| Multimediasystems–Management.|Performancetechnology.| BISAC:COMPUTERS/Web/SiteDesign. Classification:LCCHD30.2.S5582016(print)|LCCHD30.2(ebook)| DDC658.4/038011–dc23 LCrecordavailableathttps://lccn.loc.gov/2016032953 PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica. 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Tomyparents,ShivakumaraSettyVandAnasuyaTM, fromwhomIborrowedloveandstrength Tomywife,ChaitraPrabhudeva,andmyson,Shishir, fromwhomIborrowedtimeandsupport Tomyin-laws, PrabhudevaTMandKrishnaveniB, fromwhomIborrowedhelpandcourage and Toallmyschoolteacherswhobestowedlotsofloveand knowledgeuponme Contents Preface xvii Acknowledgments xxvii AbouttheAuthor xxix AbouttheCompanionWebsite xxxi Part1 ContentManagementBasicsforDigitalPlatforms 1 IntroductiontoDigitalPlatforms 3 1.1 EnterpriseDigitalEcosystem 4 DigitalOpportunitiesforEnterprises 4 ChallengesinModernDigitalEnterprises 5 EnterpriseDigitalCapabilities 6 DigitalDisruptionacrossBusinessDomains 9 1.2 ConceptsofEnterpriseContentManagement(ECM) 15 EnterpriseContentEcosystem 15 ContentPresentation 16 ContentApplications 16 EnterpriseServices 18 AccessChannels 18 ECMvsWCM 19 Book’sFocusAreas 19 1.3 EnterpriseDigitalStrategyandContentStrategy 20 EnterpriseDigitalStrategy 21 CoreDigitalTechnologies 24 DigitalContentStrategy 25 1.4 DigitalContentManagementandEnterpriseSearch: AnOverview 28 DigitalContentManagement 28 EnterpriseSearch 29 EnterpriseSourcesUsedbySearchEngine 30 1.5 ChapterSummary 30 2 ContentStrategy 32 2.1 OverviewofContentStrategy 32 IntroductiontoContentStrategy 33 vii viii Contents MainTenetsofContentStrategy 33 RelatedStrategiesandArtifactsUsedinContentStrategy 34 CommonChallengeswithContent 36 DefinitionofKeyTerms 38 2.2 PrerequisitesforContentStrategy 38 ContentRequirements 39 2.3 DefiningContentStrategy 41 PhasesofContentStrategy 41 DesignConsiderations 46 CoreElementsofContentStrategy 50 2.4 ContentStrategyCaseStudy 73 2.5 ChapterSummary 79 3 BasicsofContentManagementSystems 82 3.1 WhatIsaContentManagementSystem? 82 BusinessDriversforCMS 84 UtilitiesofCMS 85 ChallengesinImplementationofCMS 86 CMSTrends 87 VariousRolesinCMS 89 3.2 CMSKeyDesignPrinciples 89 ReusabilityandFlexibility 89 TaxonomyandMetadataDefinition 90 StandardsDefinition 90 ConsolidatedContentRepository 91 GovernanceModel 91 ContentSyndicationandServices 91 CMSEvaluation 91 3.3 CMSCapabilitiesandAttributes 92 DesiredCoreCapabilitiesofCMS 92 MainFunctionalityofCoreCMScomponents 94 DesiredAttributesofCMS 96 3.4 ContentLifecycleManagementinCMS 98 3.5 ABriefDescriptionofOpenSourceCMSandJCR 100 Drupal(https://www.drupal.org/) 100 Joomla(https://www.joomla.org/) 101 WordPress(https://wordpress.org/) 101 JCRImplementation:ApacheJackrabbit 102 3.6 ChapterSummary 102 4 ContentManagementSystemArchitecture 104 4.1 CMSDesignandArchitecture 104 CMSImplementationApproach 105 4.2 ModernCMSArchitecturePatterns 106 MVCArchitecture 106 N-tierArchitectureandN-layerArchitecture 108 Contents ix Service-OrientedArchitecture(SOA) 109 MicroservicesArchitecture 111 4.3 CMSValueArticulationandSolutionPrinciples 113 CMSValueArticulationFramework 113 4.4 CMSSolutionDesignPrinciples 114 4.5 DesignofCMSSolutionComponents 118 Multi-SiteManagementDesign 118 ContentFolderDesign 124 ContentURLDesign 124 LocalizationDesign 126 CollaborationDesign 129 4.6 CMSOperationsManagement 130 ReleaseManagementProcess 131 CMSMaintenance 134 4.7 RealizingContentStrategywithCMS 137 ContentDesignandCreationUsingCMS 137 4.8 CMSReferenceArchitectures 137 CustomerExperiencePlatform(CXP)ReferenceArchitecture 137 KnowledgeManagementSystemBasedonCMS 143 DigitalMarketingPlatformBasedonCMS 147 ArchitectureofApacheJackrabbit 147 4.9 ChapterSummary 152 5 DevelopmentUsingTemplatesandWorkflows 154 5.1 CMSTemplateDesign 154 WhatAreTemplates? 155 AuthoringTemplate,PresentationTemplate,andPageLayout 155 DesignofAuthoringTemplates 157 ContentTemplatesBasedonOpenStandards 158 ContentPresentationTemplates 159 5.2 AuthoringContentUsinganAuthoringTemplate 160 Template-UserInterface 162 UsingTemplatesforPages 162 5.3 ChunkingandTemplatesforChunks 165 DesignConsiderationsforaContentChunk 168 ContentChunk–BasedPageContentAggregation 168 CaseStudy:ChunkIdentificationandChunkTemplateDesignforProduct Pages 170 TemplateGuidelinesandBestPractices 176 5.4 TemplateSupportamongVariousCMS 178 5.5 CaseStudy:BuildingContentTemplatesforaWeb SupportSite 179 WebSupportSiteCaseStudy:ContextandOverview 179 5.6 ContentWorkflows 183 WorkflowDesign 184 DesigningWorkflow 187 WorkflowOptimization 188 x Contents 5.7 CaseStudy:ModelingWorkflowforaKnowledgeManagement System 189 5.8 ChapterSummary 192 6 ContentInformationArchitecture,Taxonomy,andMetadata 195 6.1 IntuitiveInformationArchitecture 196 GoalsofIA 196 ElementsofIA 196 DefiningIA 196 BestPracticesWhileDefiningIA 198 RoleofIAinContentStrategy 199 IADesignSamples 200 6.2 IntroductiontoTaxonomyandMetadata 202 AdvantagesofTaxonomyandMetadata 203 BusinessDriversforTaxonomyandMetadata 204 TaxonomyandMetadataBestPractices 204 TypesofMetadata 205 MetadataHierarchyModeling 205 6.3 MetadataUsageinRelevantContentDiscovery 208 6.4 IntegrationofMetadatawithCMS 208 6.5 MetadataStandardsandFormats 210 DublinCore 210 SimpleKnowledgeOrganizationSystem 211 6.6 CaseStudy:ContentMetadatatoIncrease SearchEffectiveness 212 InternalSearch 213 ExternalSearch 214 6.7 OtherUtilitiesofContentMetadata 214 Metadata-BasedContentCategorization 214 MarketingandSalesSupport 214 Metadata-DrivenContentPersonalization 214 Metadata-BasedPageCustomization 215 ContentMetadataforNavigation 215 AnalyticsMetadata 215 ContentMetadataforWorkflow 215 UsingMetadataforReusingContentChunks 215 SecurityMetadata 216 6.8 TaxonomyGovernance 216 SocialTagging 217 6.9 ChapterSummary 217 Part2 AdvancedContentManagement 7 ContentIntegrationandContentStandards 221 7.1 ContentIntegrationRequirements 221 Contents xi 7.2 CMSIntegrationView 222 EnterpriseCMS:TheBigPicture 223 7.3 CMSIntegrations 225 SecurityIntegration 225 TranslationSystemIntegration 226 SearchEngineIntegration 228 ContentServicesIntegration 229 PortalIntegration 231 PresentationEngineIntegration 232 MetadataManagementSystem(MMS)Integration 232 FeedIntegration 233 DigitalAssetManagement(DAM)Integration 233 JCR-BasedIntegration 234 7.4 CMIS-BasedIntegration 235 WhencanweuseCMIS-basedintegration? 236 JCRandCMIS 236 7.5 CMSIntegrationwithOtherSystems 237 7.6 ContentStandards 237 HTML/XHTML 239 XML(ExtensibleMarkupLanguage) 239 DITA(DarwinInformationTypingArchitecture) 242 JSON(JavaScriptObjectNotation) 244 SCORM(SharableContentObjectReferenceModel) 244 FeedFormats:RSS/ATOM 246 WebServiceStandards:SOAPandREST 247 7.7 ChapterSummary 250 8 DigitalAssetManagementandDocumentManagement 253 8.1 DigitalAssetManagement(DAM) 254 DAMDefinition 254 DAMObjectivesandTrends 254 NeedforDAM 255 DAMBusinessScenarios 256 ArchitectinganEnterpriseDAMSystem 257 DAMChallengesandBestPractices 261 8.2 DocumentManagement 263 CapabilitiesofDocumentManagementSystem 263 DocumentManagementElementsandFunctions 265 DocumentManagementEvolutionandRoadMap 266 CaseStudy:DocumentManagementSolutionforaBankingPortal 266 8.3 ChapterSummary 270 9 ContentMigration 272 9.1 ContentMigration 272 ContentMigrationDrivers 272 ContentMigrationPrinciples 273