E C I T N E R P P A D E R E T N E Candidate Guide TABLE CONTENTS OF Introduction 5 Freemasonry 6 Masonic Formation 7 The Masonic Secret 7 Symbolism 8 Expectations—By you, of the Fraternity and vice versa 9 Officers of a Masonic Blue Lodge 10 Becoming a Mason 13 Duties and Rights of Entered Apprentices 28 Proficiency and Advancement 29 Mentorship 33 The California Masonic Code 33 Masonic Landmarks 34 History of Freemasonry 34 History of the Grand Lodge of California 35 Famous Freemasons 37 Recommended Reading for the Entered Apprentice 37 Information Resources 37 Notable Masonic Temples 38 Masonic Organizations and Online Resources 38 Glossary 39 ENTERED APPRENTICE 3 INTRODUCTION WHAT IS THIS HANDBOOK FOR AND HOW SHOULD IT BE USED? This handbook was developed to introduce the newly initiated Entered Apprentice Mason to the vast body of knowledge and symbolism associated with modern Freemasonry in a meaningful and understandable way. It is hoped that through the serious and systematic study of Freemasonry, the Entered Apprentice will come to understand and appreciate the fact that the actual application of Masonic teachings and principles in his daily life is the most important and rewarding aspect of his new journey. Entered Apprentice Candidate Guide It is recommended that the handbook be read as soon as possible after your initiation into the craft. It should continue to be used as a guide and reference as you increase your understanding of the unique life lessons and philosophy of Masonry. As you make new discoveries on your path toward Masonic enlightenment, you will be able to observe many things already “known” in a new and entirely different light, with an appreciation that was heretofore denied you. For this reason, the study of the Masonic mysteries is a lifetime journey. A journey only but just begun when “in your heart” you first desired to join that ancient brotherhood—the fraternity of Freemasons. Your Masonic journey is now begun. You will, my brother, by your own will, deeds, and labor, determine where it ends. NOTE: Throughout this booklet, you will see some words in bold type. This indicates that a more complete explanation of that word will be found in the Glossary. Ed. ENTERED APPRENTICE 5 FREEMASONRY free will and accord, has become a member. There is no avoiding this What is it, what is its purpose, and how does it differ from essential requirement. Just as in operative stone masonry, the way one other similar organizations? learns to carve stone is by carving stone. Put another way, positive theory Freemasonry is an initiatic order. It is not a secret society, but more is impossible—positive action alone prevails. Theory, my brother, never accurately, a society with secrets. Freemasonry began to assume its erected a cathedral—working Masons did! modern form during the Enlightenment (1600–1700 AD), and more MASONIC FORMATION specifi cally, with the formation of the Grand Lodge of England and the publication of its Constitution and bylaws in London, England, in What is it? What is its purpose? 1717. Many of Freemasonry’s present-day rituals, tradition, symbols, and philosophy, however, reach far back into the mists of antiquity and claim Masonic Formation might be described as the process of fi tting the parody with the Ancient Mystery Schools of Rome, Greece, Egypt, and rough ashlar of our imperfect selves into the perfect ashlar, fi t for India. use in building the divine temple. It is a transformation brought about Being part of the classic initiatic tradition is what distinguishes through the use of Masonic symbols, rituals, experience, and teachings, Freemasonry from other purely social, fraternal, or philanthropic all of which are calculated to assist us to live a better, richer, and more organizations. There are many different organizations in the United fulfi lling life and also to promote a positive change within our social States and elsewhere which contribute large sums of money to charity, environment. offer excellent fellowship with like-minded men, provide a philosophic Inherent in the traditional character of today’s Freemasonry is or moral foundation, and have some form of insurance benefi ts to care that its older historic rites and rituals are viewed as a necessary and for their aged and less-fortunate members. perpetual aspect of a divinely maintained natural order. In this sense, Freemasonry is unique, however, in that it alone not only embodies Freemasonry is one of the last remaining institutions (at least in the all these things, but is actually rooted in offering good men a Western philosophical world, at any rate) to preserve and practice these tradition-based initiation within a proven philosophical, moral, and traditional forms. Understanding the terms initiation, rite, ritual, and nondenominational spiritual framework, one which attempts to explain tradition is essential to every Mason’s spiritual as well as intellectual and understand the core mysteries of life and death. This unique development. tradition is the very core and defi ning characteristic of Freemasonry, THE MASONIC SECRET without which there would be little, if anything, to differentiate modern Freemasonry and today’s Masonic lodges from all those other most Ineffable and incommunicable. excellent social, fraternal, or philanthropic organizations previously mentioned. While Freemasonry is an organization that has rules, regulations, archives, and minutes, only the transmission of Masonic traditions, If the newly initiated Freemason is to become worthy of the title, he through the proper ritual forms and ancient ceremonies, can must be willing to spend time and energy learning about the history, communicate the personal, philosophical, spiritual, ethical, and moral symbolism, and philosophy of the fraternity of which he, of his own 6 CANDIDATE GUIDE ENTERED APPRENTICE 7 EXPECTATIONS—BY YOU, OF THE FRATERNITY AND VICE VERSA end-state which is the fundamental purpose of Freemasonry. An uninitiated, or “profane,” person, who somehow discovered all our Some things to consider about Freemasonry and Masonic ritual from having read their descriptions in books and on personal responsibility. the Internet would still not be initiated in any way—for the personal, meaningful infl uence inherent in those sacred and properly conducted If one important purpose of Freemasonry is “to make good men rites would in no way have been transmitted to him. better,” a man should become a Freemason only if he is pure of heart and conscience and considers himself capable of actually becoming a better SYMBOLISM man. That’s not as simple as it sounds. Determining the basic moral, mental, and in the not-so-distant past, Ineffable and incommunicable. the physical qualifi cations of men seeking admission to the craft was, Symbolism in its most basic sense involves using one thing to represent and continues to be, an essential aspect of upholding the integrity and another. Words, signs, gestures, drawings, and even physical articles such viability of our ancient institution. The investigative procedures of as our “working tools” are all forms of symbols with esoteric as well as modern Masonic lodges are designed to ensure that the brethren of exoteric meaning to every informed Mason. the lodge have suffi cient information about the moral qualifi cations and character of the candidates they vote on to receive the privileges of Freemasons study symbolism immediately upon their initiation into Freemasonry. the craft. Our fraternity’s rich and varied symbolic legacy serves as the nexus, or core, of a Mason’s quest for truth (which Masons often Masonic ritual is intended to be performed in a solemn manner to identify as “light”). To benefi t from the various meanings and lessons provide the most meaningful experience possible for the candidates we fi nd hidden within Masonic symbols requires study, synthesis, and the membership alike. Creating an atmosphere that may lead to a association, and application. The study of and meditation upon Masonic positive transformation of the individual is the goal of Masonic ritual. symbolism is an important aspect of personal spiritual growth in Time between degrees should be used for intellectual study, Freemasonry, as is the exciting discovery and application of effective contemplation, and self-development. Ideally, candidates should methods to implement the moral lessons inculcated in those same demonstrate some degree of improvement in their understanding of symbols into our daily lives and thereby demonstrate Masonic values to Freemasonry before being advanced to the next degree. When this our family, friends, community, and country. goal is properly observed, every Mason grows into a better man and You will learn more about Masonic symbolism as you progress through the bonds of virtue that tie together the brotherhood of humanity are the three degrees of blue lodge Masonry, and when you fi nally venture strengthened. out into the Masonic world of concordant and appendant bodies, It is intended, and indeed essential, that lodges provide their you will be exposed to even more symbols—each with a moral or ethical candidates with proper instruction about the teachings and symbols lesson to teach. of Freemasonry. Qualifi ed Master Masons are encouraged and, in fact, by virtue of their obligation, required to provide Masonic instruction 8 CANDIDATE GUIDE ENTERED APPRENTICE 9 to their less-informed and less-experienced brethren in the form of addressed as Brother Senior Warden. The jewel of his offi ce is the level individual mouth-to-ear instruction, presentations, answering questions, and symbolizes equality. and promoting discussion. You are enjoined to remember that the main The Junior Warden – The third-in-command behind the senior focus of a Mason’s intellectual, spiritual, and philosophical development warden. His is the responsibility of feeding the lodge and of bringing should be on applying the teachings of Freemasonry in his daily life. Masonic charges against any brother suspected of un-Masonic conduct Freemasonry helps teach the importance and benefi ts of personal or breach of his obligation. His station is in the south. He is usually honor, integrity, duty, and service. If every Mason works hard and takes addressed as Brother Junior Warden or simply Brother Junior. The jewel responsibility in all he does, then Masonry will thrive. As a new Mason, of his offi ce is the plumb and symbolizes upright behavior. you should never lose sight of the fact that in a very real sense, we, your The Treasurer – Cares for the fi scal affairs of the lodge, keeping brothers, have placed the future of Freemasonry in your hands. track of funds, expenses, and paying the bills when directed by the lodge Masons are expected to attend as many stated meetings, degree membership. His seat is at the right of the Worshipful Master in the nights, and other activities of their lodge as their time and abilities east. His badge of offi ce is the square and symbolizes virtue. The jewels permit. Masonic participation is mutually benefi cial both to the of his offi ce are the crossed keys, which symbolize his duty to protect the individual Mason as well as to the other brethren of the lodge. Good lodge’s fi nancial well-being. fellowship is an important aspect of Masonry. The bonds that unite The Secretary – Is responsible for administrative matters under Masons together grow stronger with each shared moment, event, and the direction of the master. He keeps the minutes, communicates discussion. the same to Grand Lodge, and handles the day-to-day affairs of the lodge including the collection of monies. His seat is on the left of the OFFICERS OF A MASONIC BLUE LODGE Worshipful Master in the east. The jewels of his offi ce are the crossed There are normally thirteen offi cers in a Masonic lodge in California. quills and symbolize his role as recorder and communicator. The elected offi cers include: By Masonic law, the top fi ve offi cers must be elected by vote of The Master – The chief executive offi cer of the lodge is addressed as the lodge every year in November to serve a one-year term, usually “Worshipful” or “Worshipful Master,” depending on the context of the beginning in December or January. The master, senior warden, and greeting. The elected master or acting master is always seated in the east, junior warden must be certifi ed as “qualifi ed” to assume their respective also called in some jurisdictions the “Orient,” or Oriental Chair. Past offi ces by the district inspector, a Grand Lodge offi cer charged with or former masters of a Masonic lodge are also entitled to be addressed overseeing four or fi ve Masonic lodges in his district under the as “Worshipful” in perpetuity and to append the post nominal P.M., or supervision of an assistant Grand Lecturer to insure compliance with past master, to their names as, for example, Brother John Doe, P.M. The Masonic regulations and rituals. This certifi cation is mandatory, and jewel of his offi ce is the square and symbolizes virtue. lodge offi cers requiring it cannot assume offi ce without fi rst presenting a signed certifi cate of qualifi cation to the installing offi cer. The Senior Warden – The second-in-command of the lodge. He is the master’s right-hand man and responsible for the education and Appointed offi cers include: behavior of all candidates. His station is in the west. He is usually The Chaplain – Acts as the spiritual guide and mentor of the lodge. He gives appropriate prayers as directed and addresses candidates during 10 CANDIDATE GUIDE ENTERED APPRENTICE 11 their perambulations. He sits at the immediate left of the Worshipful left of the junior warden in the south. The jewel of his offi ce is also the Master. The jewel of his offi ce is the scroll of Hebrew law and symbolizes cornucopia and symbolizes plenty. our respect for God. The Tiler – Is the outer guard of a Masonic Temple or lodge room The Senior Deacon – His duty is to act as an administrative assistant proper. No offi cial, or “tiled,” meeting may be held unless and until the and messenger to the master. He attends to certain alarms at the door junior deacon reports to the master that the room is secure and that of the preparation room and accommodates visitors. He is seated at the the tiler is properly at his station without the lodge door, where he will lower right of the master. He also must have a certifi cate of qualifi cation remain until the lodge is formally closed. The jewel of his offi ce is the from the district inspector because of his important ceremonial duties. unsheathed sword and symbolizes his duty as guardian of the lodge. The jewel of his offi ce is the sun and symbolizes his role as messenger The Organist – Is the principal musician of the lodge responsible and aide to the master. for providing appropriate ceremonial and ritual music suitable to the The Junior Deacon – His duty is to act as an administrative assistant occasion. He is seated wherever the organ or piano is located, whether in and messenger to the senior warden. He attends to alarms at the door of the organ loft or elsewhere about the lodge. The jewel of his offi ce is the the lodge room and has certain other ceremonial duties. He is seated at lyre and symbolizes the muse of music. the lower right of the senior warden in the west. The jewel of his offi ce Offi cers of a Masonic lodge serve in their respective offi ces as is the moon and symbolizes his role as messenger and aide to the senior a privilege and not as a right. It is intended that all Masons work warden. toward and eventually attain positions of responsibility after having The Marshal – Is the ceremonial director, or “master of ceremonies,” demonstrated their good faith, ability to make a serious time for the lodge. He leads and organizes all processions, escorts and commitment, and sincere desire to properly perform the necessary announces Grand Lodge offi cers, and examines candidates for initiation duties of the offi ce elected or appointed to. The election of the master to determine their motives and intentions for joining Freemasonry. He of any lodge is always of great importance and only those brethren who is seated at the lower left directly opposite the senior deacon. The jewels are well-versed in Masonic teachings, have the demonstrated ability of his offi ce are the crossed batons and symbolize his role as master of and resourcefulness to lead, and whose personal character can serve ceremonies for the lodge. as an exemplar to be emulated by all the lodge membership should be considered for this high honor and responsibility. The Senior Steward – In days past, the steward, or stuart, was responsible for the feeding of the brothers and the care of the kitchen BECOMING A MASON and its food and wine stores. Today, the stewards are responsible to the junior warden for preparing and escorting candidates about the lodge QUALIFICATIONS OF A PETITIONER room and otherwise assisting him in providing for the physical welfare of the brothers. He sits directly in front of and to the right of the junior The qualifi cations to be a Freemason are clear and distinct. There warden in the south. The jewel of his offi ce is the cornucopia and are physical, moral, as well as spiritual qualifi cations. In California, symbolizes plenty. the petitioner must be a man of at least 18 years of age. He must be The Junior Steward – Has duties identical to those of the senior free of any previous felonious criminal convictions and be of good steward and acts as his assistant. He sits directly in front of and to the moral character. He cannot be a madman or a fool. He must believe 12 CANDIDATE GUIDE ENTERED APPRENTICE 13 in a Supreme Being and in the immortality of the soul. The physical and calculated to inculcate age-old teachings and knowledge which, if qualifi cations are necessary because the person must be free to make his properly observed, understood, and practiced, obligate a man to lead a own life decisions and be responsible for himself, his family, and his own better life. actions and decisions. The moral qualifi cations are self-evident for the To obtain the greatest possible benefi t from Masonic ritual, a viability and reputation of any brotherhood and the lofty ideals of our candidate must prepare both his mind and his heart to understand society. The spiritual qualifi cations support the foundational structure and absorb the teachings of Masonry. The candidate should pay close of Freemasonry and ensure that the teachings and obligations of attention to every part of the ritual. The forms of the various rituals Freemasonry are received and undertaken from the perspective of a man will be new and unusual to the candidate, but such basic forms have with proper reverence toward his Creator. always been part of the initiatic traditions of the ancient world. It is highly recommended that any newly made Mason attend and take part THE SECRET BALLOT in similar degrees as soon and as often as possible so as to become more familiar with the ritual and the words accompanying it. After a man has properly applied for Masonic membership, submitted a petition with the proper fees, and his background has been thoroughly DULY AND TRULY PREPARED and impartially investigated, the lodge members vote by secret ballot to accept or to reject him for membership. The secret ballot is another of Being “duly and truly prepared” refers to being divested of all mineral Freemasonry’s most ancient customs. It has been rather aptly said that and metallic objects on or about your person and being properly when a petitioner is voted upon for Masonic membership, he undergoes dressed, or clad, so as to emphasize our concern with a man’s internal the “ordeal of the secret ballot.” To be elected in a California Masonic qualifi cations, rather than his worldly wealth, honors, and position in lodge, a candidate must receive a 100% affi rmative vote from each and society. By undergoing the rites of preparation, the candidate signifi es every member present at that meeting. A single nay vote, symbolized by the sincerity of his intentions. Being duly and truly prepared also refers the black cube, if found when the ballot box is examined by the master, to the state of a man’s heart and soul as he seeks admission into our senior and junior wardens, is suffi cient to bar a man from membership order. “Seek and ye shall fi nd. Ask and it shall be given unto you. Knock in that lodge for at least one year from the date of the ballot. The term and it shall be opened unto you” are not idle words in Freemasonry. “black balling” comes directly from this ancient Masonic practice. THE HOODWINK PREPARATION FOR INITIATION INTO FREEMASONRY – 1° The symbolism of the Masonic hoodwink is twofold: First, it If a man senses the stirrings in his heart and mind for a deeper emphasizes the veil of secrecy and silence surrounding the mysteries understanding of life than that he has theretofore found, he will of Freemasonry; second, it represents the “darkness,” or ignorance, seek until he fi nds the fraternity. This longing of the heart is the very of the uninitiated. It is removed at the appropriate time, when the beginning of his life as a Freemason, which is why every candidate candidate is in the proper state of mind and qualifi ed by his obligation seeking Masonic light is said to be “fi rst prepared in his heart.” The rites to receive Masonic light. The Masonic term hoodwink is of ancient of Freemasonry are of a serious nature, dignifi ed in their presentation, usage and should not be confused with the modern word—which implies 14 CANDIDATE GUIDE ENTERED APPRENTICE 15 an attempt to fool, defraud, cheat, or otherwise “pull the wool over If a newly initiated candidate is not to be an “Apprentice” in name someone’s eyes.” only, he must stand ready to do the work upon his own nature that will make him a different, more complete, and perfect man. Freemasonry THE CABLE-TOW offers no privileges or rewards except to those who earn them; it places real working tools, not playthings, in the hands of its members. To The cable-tow is a rope such as would be used to tow or restrain a become a Mason is a solemn and serious undertaking. Once the fi rst step heavy load. It is also generally regarded as a symbol of the voluntary is taken, Freemasonry, if a man’s heart and intentions be genuine, will, and complete acceptance of, and pledged compliance with, whatever without doubt, change his life for the better. Masonry may have in store for the candidate. The cable-tow is also symbolic of the candidate’s attachment to the outside world. THE METHOD OF RECEPTION The “length of the cable-tow” is frequently referred to in the language The reception, or greeting, of the candidate into the lodge room of Freemasonry. There are many opinions of exactly how long a cable- is intended to symbolize the fact that our rituals are serious and tow really was and this mystery has yet to be resolved to everyone’s confi dential and that there are consequences for violating this satisfaction. One opinion suggests that a cable-tow was deemed to be confi dence. It also reminds a man that his every act has a consequence, the distance one could travel on foot in one hour, which was assumed to either in the form of a reward or a penalty. The method of reception also be about three miles. In Masonry, the “length of one’s cable-tow” now points out the value of a certain virtue needed to gain admission into the represents any reasonable distance from which a Masonic summons must mysteries of Masonry. be answered—health, family, and business permitting. Each Mason is bound to all other Masons by a tie symbolized by the cable-tow as long PRAYER IN LODGE and as strong as he himself determines his ability will permit. A lodge cannot be opened or closed without prayer, which is offered ENTERING THE LODGE by the master or chaplain. The prayer is universal in nature, and not particular to any one religion or faith. The act of invoking the blessings As a candidate for the degree of Entered Apprentice Mason takes his of Deity before and after our Masonic labors, however, is central to fi rst step into the lodge room, he enters into a new world: the world Masonic practice. At the end of prayer, each brother responds with the of Masonry. He leaves the darkness, destitution, and helplessness of words “So Mote It Be,” which is an archaic phrase meaning “So may it the world for the light and warmth of a new existence. It is not a mere ever be.” formality, but a genuine epiphany, the beginning of a new life in which duties, rights, privileges, and responsibilities are real and life-changing. THE PRACTICE OF CIRCUMAMBULATION Entrance into the lodge is symbolic of the movement from the outer to the inner, from the exoteric to the esoteric, from the world of material Circumambulation means “to walk around” some central point senses into the spiritual world of better understanding one’s true self and or object. In Masonry, the act is performed in a clockwise manner, purpose. patterned after the movement of the sun as it is seen from the earth, moving from east to west. The candidate’s journey around the altar also 16 CANDIDATE GUIDE ENTERED APPRENTICE 17 enables the assembled brethren to observe that he is properly prepared also protects the fraternity against someone revealing the modes of and qualifi ed to receive the degree being worked on. Circumambulation recognition and certain symbolic instructions and ceremonies unique to is an ancient practice following the same idea as the labyrinth in Crete. the degree being conferred. It equates the path of initiation to that of a physical journey—fi lled with Like many other ceremonies used by our fraternity, the roots of this twists, turns, dead-ends, and pitfalls for the unwary. In another sense, it practice are ancient. Taking of vows was a common practice in all the symbolically aligns the traveler to his proper relationship in the order of Ancient Mystery Schools and guilds. Many vows were expressed in the universe by outlining the circumference, or limits, of his life. very specifi c terms such as promises of gifts to a deity in return for safe voyages, successful crops, fertility, healing, success in battle, and so KNEELING AT THE ALTAR on. Although the nature of making vows and obligations has changed somewhat in modern times, it remains a very powerful method for The central piece of furniture in the lodge is the altar. The altar is setting direction and commitment in one’s life and the building of symbolic of many things. As a temple symbolizes the presence of Deity, character. the altar symbolizes the point of contact with that Deity. Its location, The ancient, rather terrible, and certainly bloody penalties for in the center of the lodge, also symbolizes the place which God, or The violating your obligation, although not now (if they ever were) enforced, Supreme Architect of the Universe, or TSAOTU, has in Masonry, and have been retained in our modern California ritual to impress upon which He should likewise have in every Mason’s life. The candidate the mind of each brother how seriously a violation will be regarded by approaches the altar in search of light and also assumes all his Masonic members of the fraternity. The obligations are voluntarily assumed, and obligations there. In the presence of his God and his brothers in every practical means possible is employed to impress the new Mason Freemasonry, he offers himself to the service of the Supreme Architect with their solemnity and the necessity of obeying them faithfully and of the Universe and to mankind in general. The altar is the point upon keeping them from profane eyes. which life in our Masonic lodges is focused, and it should be accorded the highest respect. The wisdom of the master is said to fl ow from his station in the east to the altar. Thus, one should never cross or pass COWANS, EAVESDROPPERS AND OTHER PROFANES between the master’s station and the altar when a lodge is convened and Outside the door of every Masonic lodge stands the tiler, armed with working. the proper implement of his offi ce, the sword of silence. The tiler’s job is to guard the lodge against the approach of cowens and eavesdroppers, YOUR MASONIC OBLIGATION lest the secrets of Freemasonry be compromised. In the early days of the craft, prior to 1717, operative Masons often met high up on a mountain Your obligation is the heart of any Masonic degree, for when or deep in a vale, or valley, so as to have adequate warning of approaching it is assumed by the candidate, he has solemnly bound himself to danger or the prying eyes of the profane seeking to gain Masonic secrets, Freemasonry and accepted certain duties and responsibilities which are modes of recognition, and so forth. To prevent such a possibility, Masons his to fulfi ll for the rest of his life. The taking of the obligation is visible were set in place to guard approaches to these meetings and today’s tiler and audible evidence of the candidate’s sincerity of purpose. In addition is the direct descendent of these early guardians of the craft. to binding the candidate to Freemasonry and its duties, the obligation 18 CANDIDATE GUIDE ENTERED APPRENTICE 19