МИНИСТЕРСТВО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ РЕСПУБЛИКИ БЕЛАРУСЬ Белорусский национальный технический университет Кафедра «Английский язык № 1» И. Ю. Ваник О. А. Лапко ENGLISH FOR AUTOMATED ELECTRIC DRIVES АНГЛИЙСКИИЙ ЯЗЫК. АВТОМАТИЗИРОВАННЫЕ ЭЛЕКТРОПРИВОДЫ Учебно-методическое пособие для студентов специальности 1-53 01 05 «Автоматизированные электроприводы» Рекомендовано учебно-методическим объединением вузов Республики Беларусь по образованию в области автоматизации технологических процессов, производств и управления Минск БНТУ 2020 1 УДК 62-83:811.111(075.8) ББК 31.291я7 В17 Рецензенты: зав. кафедрой английского языка естественных факультетов Белорусского государственного университета, кандидат филологических наук, доцент А. Э. Черенда; доц. кафедры речеведения и теории коммуникации Минского государственного лингвистического университета, кандидат филологических наук, доцент М. А. Гладко Ваник, И. Ю. В17 English for Automated Electric Drives = Английский язык. Авто- матизированные электроприводы : учебно-методическое пособие для студентов специальности 1-53 01 05 «Автоматизированные электроприводы» / И. Ю. Ваник, О. А. Лапко. – Минск : БНТУ, 2020. – 109 с. ISBN 978-985-583-255-4. Учебно-методическое пособие предназначено для студентов вузов, обучающихся по специальности 1-53 01 05 «Автоматизированные электроприводы». Пособие со- стоит из 8 разделов, объединенных по тематическому принципу. Каждый раздел включает аутентичный текстовый материал, справочный грамматический материал, а также широкий спектр упражнений, направленных на формирование у студентов ре- чевых навыков и развитие умений профессионально ориентированного иноязычного общения в устной и письменной форме в предполагаемых ситуациях профессио- нальной деятельности. УДК 62-83:811.111(075.8) ББК 31.291я7 ISBN 978-985-583-255-4 © Ваник И. Ю., Лапко О. А., 2020 © Белорусский национальный технический университет, 2020 2 ПРЕДИСЛОВИЕ Настоящее учебно-методическое пособие предназначено для студентов вузов, обучающихся по специальности 1-53 01 05 «Авто- матизированные электроприводы». В то же время, данное издание будет полезно студентам вузов других специальностей, связанных с автоматизацией производства. Предлагаемое учебное пособие подготовлено в соответствии с требованиями типовой программы по иностранным языкам для высших учебных заведений и учебным планом вышеуказанной специальности. Целью пособия является систематизация знаний студентов по предлагаемой тематике, обогащение их словарного запаса, а также формирование у студентов речевых навыков и развитие умений профессионально ориентированного иноязычного общения в уст- ной и письменной форме в предполагаемых ситуациях профессио- нальной деятельности. Пособие состоит из 8 разделов, охватывающих основные темати- ческие области, относящиеся к сфере автоматизации технологиче- ских процессов и производств. Каждый раздел имеет единую струк- туру, включающую следующие ключевые элементы: Switch on (вве- дение в тему в виде проблемных вопросов), Vocabulary (лексические задания на систематизацию и активизацию тематического словаря), Reading (аутентичные тексты с заданиями для различных видов чте- ния и контроля понимания прочитанного), Grammar (грамматический справочный материал с рядом упражнений, нацеленных на система- тизацию грамматических знаний и совершенствование грамматиче- ских навыков), Speaking (упражнения на развитие навыков устной речи в ситуациях профессионально ориентированного общения). Каждый раздел включает упражнения различного уровня слож- ности. Пособие может использоваться как для организации основ- ной аудиторной, так и внеаудиторной работы. 3 UNIT 1 ENGINEERING MATERIALS SWITCH ON Exercise 1. Write a list of things that are often made of: steel, cardboard, cotton, wood, glass, copper, leather, aluminium, rubber, concrete, plastics, silicon Exercise 2. Complete the sentences using the words in the box. metallic, non-metallic, ferrous, non-ferrous, non-metal, metal 1. Carbon is a ____. 2. Copper is a ____ metal. 3. Aluminium is a common ____. 4. Steel is a widely used ____ metal. 5. Although it is used in steel, carbon is ____. 6. Aluminium is rather light for a ____ material. VOCABULARY  READING Exercise 1. Study the words and word combinations in bold from the text “Engineering Materials” and write them down into your personal vocabularies. Exercise 2. Match the words and word combinations having an opposite meaning. 1. Ferrous a. Insulator 2. Solid b. Alloy 3. Conductor c. To resist corrosion 4. Pure substance d. Non-ferrous 5. To rust e. Good 6. Poor f. Liquid 4 Exercise 3. Match the alloys with their constituents. 1. Steel a. An alloy of copper and zinc 2. Brass b. An alloy of iron and carbon 3. Invar c. An alloy of copper and tin 4. Bronze d. An alloy of iron, carbon and chromium 5. Stainless steel e. An alloy of iron and nickel Exercise 4. Read the text below and decide whether the sentences are true or false. 1. Various materials have been known since ancient times. 2. The structures and devices the engineers develop are limited by the properties of the materials. 3. All metals are solid substances. 4. Metals have low thermal and electric conductivity. 5. Pure metals are seldom used for certain applications. 6. Examples of alloys include iron, copper, zinc, aluminum. 7. Non-ferrous metals contain iron. 8. Alloys can contain both metallic and non-metallic constituents. 9. The presence of chromium protects stainless steel from rust. 10. Non-metals are good insulators. ENGINEERING MATERIALS Materials are the primary part of all things surrounding us. In fact, some materials have given the name to various ages in human history, for example, Stone Age, Bronze Age, Iron Age, Synthetic Materials Age, Smart Materials Age. The materials used for manufacturing of engineering products are called engineering materials. The research and development of new engineering materials is a continuous process. Cur- rently many institutions and laboratories are working on the develop- ment of new materials to cope with the changing demands of industries. Engineering materials can be classified according to the branch of engineering like mechanical engineering materials (iron, steel etc.), elec- trical engineering materials (conductors, insulators, magnetic materials, etc.), civil engineering materials (cement, stone, etc.) and so on. The 5 structures, components, and devices that engineers design are limited by the properties of the materials that are available and the techniques that can be used for fabrication. Basically, engineering materials can be classified into two categories: metals and non-metals. Most metals are solid at room temperature. However, mercury is the only metal that is liquid at room temperature. Examples of metals include silver, copper, gold, aluminium, iron, zinc, lead, tin etc. All metals have high thermal and electrical conductivity. Pure metals have very low mechanical strength, which sometimes does not match with the mechanical strength required for certain loads. To overcome this drawback alloys are used. Alloys are the composition of two or more metals or metal and non-metals together. Generally, alloys have better strength and durability than their main metals. Examples are steel, brass, bronze, invar etc. Metals can be further divided into two groups: ferrous and non- ferrous metals. All ferrous metals such as cast iron and steel have iron as a basic substance. Non-ferrous metals do not contain iron. Non- ferrous metals include silver, copper, gold, aluminium etc. Ferrous met- als are prized for their tensile strength and durability thanks to a high carbon content. However, ferrous metals tend to rust when exposed to air and water. There are two exceptions to this rule: wrought iron resists rust due to its purity and stainless steel is protected from rust by the presence of chromium. Most ferrous metals are magnetic which makes them very useful for motor and electrical applications. The main advantage of non-ferrous metals over ferrous materials is their malleability. They also don’t contain iron that gives them a higher resistance to rust and corrosion. They are non-magnetic, which is im- portant for many electronic and wiring applications. Non-metals are poor conductors of heat and electricity. Examples include plastics, rubber, ceramic, leather etc. Non-metals have very high resistivity which makes them suitable for insulation purpose in electrical machines. Exercise 5. Explain why: 1) many scientific laboratories are working now on the develop- ment of new materials. 6 2) the properties of engineering materials are considered to be very important. 3) alloys are used. 4) ferrous metals are very useful for motor and electrical applications. 5) non-ferrous metals have high corrosion resistance. 6) non-ferrous metals are important for electronic and wiring appli- cations. 7) non-metals are suitable for insulation purposes. Exercise 6. Match the words below to make word combinations found in the text “Engineering Materials”. A B tensile, stainless, cast, poor, conductors, applications, tem- liquid, pure, carbon, wiring, perature, content, materials, engineering, normal strength, iron, state, steel, metal Exercise 7. Read the groups of derivatives and translate them in- to Russian. 1) to conduct, conductor, conductivity; 2) to insulate, insulator, insulation; 3) to rust, rust, rusty; 4) pure, purity, to purify; 5) to corrode, corrosion, corroded; 6) to resist, resistance, resistivity, resistant; 7) oxide, oxygen, oxidation, to oxidize. Exercise 8. Complete the sentences with the words from exercise 7. Sometimes there is more than one possible answer. 1. When steel is exposed to air or water, it ____. 2. Non-ferrous metals can be used to protect steel from ____ by plating it – that is, covering it with a layer of metal. 3. Materials with very high ____, such as plastics, are called elec- trical ____. 4. A water molecule –H O– contains two hydrogen atoms and one 2 ____ atom. 7 5. An orange coating on the surface of metal is called ____. 6. Aluminium is a very light metal but it's also very soft in its ____ form. 7. Copper has high ____ for electricity and heat. 8. Materials that are good insulators are used to ____ conductors. An example is plastic ____ around electric wires. 9. The main disadvantage of ferrous metals is that they go ____. 10. Aluminium does not ____ easily because it has a protective layer of aluminium ____. Exercise 9. Find seventeen materials in the puzzle. Read across, down, and diagonally. X L X W O O D Z T I N C E R A M I C J R M W P A B N J X C X U X O A T R X Y I X I B G O P H X D T L N R B O L E E X S B I O O E L S R R A X M O X N R D T X L X U G L A S S X E P O L Y S T Y R E N E X A S I L V E R D X L Exercise 10. Study the words and word combinations in bold from the text ‘Properties of Materials’ and write them down into your personal vocabularies. Exercise 11. Skim the text and complete the sentences below. 1. Glass is a ____ material but it’s an excellent ____ ____. 2. Carbon and alloy steels have the property of ____. 3. Copper is ____ and ____, also it’s an excellent ____ material. 4. Rubber is ____. 5. Stainless steel is ____ and ____, therefore it’s ____. 8 Exercise 12. Read the text again and answer the following questions. 1. What happens to a material when it is subjected to tension? 2. What is tensile strength? 3. What kind of materials can extend significantly, but still return to their original shape? 4. What materials are called plastic? 5. Is copper malleable or ductile? 6. Soft materials are wear-resistant, aren’t they? PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS Different materials exhibit different working properties. When mate- rial is subjected to tension, its length will increase by a certain amount. Tensile strength (the ability to resist tension) is a very valuable property of ferrous metals such as carbon and alloy steels. Some materials can extend significantly, but still return to their origi- nal shape. A material’s ability to do this is called elasticity. Rubber is an example of a very elastic material. If a material has low elasticity and is weak, it is described as brittle – that is, it breaks very easily. Glass and cast iron are the examples of brittle materials. Some materials can change shape significantly, but do not return to their original shape. We say these materials are plastic. A material that can be plastically deformed by hammering or rolling is malleable. A material that can be stretched into a long length is ductile. For example, mild steel, copper and tin are malleable as well as ductile. Some materials conduct heat better than others. Therefore, thermal conductivity varies, depending on the material. Copper is an excellent conductive material. Glass, on the other hand, is an excellent thermal insulator. The hardness of a material affects its durability – that is, how long it will last. Generally, hard materials are more durable than soft materials because they are more wear-resistant like stainless steel. Exercise 13. In the texts ‘Engineering Materials’ and ‘Properties of Materials’ find the adjectives related to the nouns in the box. durability, malleability, plasticity, elasticity, purity, ductility, conductivity, strength, length, tension, brittleness, hardness 9 Exercise 14. Match the properties to their definitions. 1) conductivity a) the ability of a material to permanently deform in all directions without cracking 2) strength b) the ability of a material to withstand wear, especially as a result of weathering 3) elasticity c) the ability of a material to conduct heat or electricity 4) plasticity d) the ability of a material to withstand a force without breaking or bending 5) malleability e) the ability of a material to permanently change in shape 6) durability f) the ability of a material to deform, usually by stretching along its length 7) ductility g) the ability of a material to bend and then return to its original shape and size GRAMMAR DEGREES OF COMPARISON Exercise 1. Write the opposites using the adjectives in the box. soft, dangerous, slow, good, elastic, difficult, heavy, conductive, expensive, low 1) easier – more difficult 2) harder 3) cheaper 4) lighter 5) more brittle 6) worse 7) faster 8) higher 9) more insulating 10) safer 10