PITMAN'S ENGUSH&SHOKfflAi i DICTIONARY CENTENAR-V FJ: tt^ammBf'it^iiommaia'tMatummMitmuiiiwitMttuuittTMimirmuitumrh j^lo^i ^>«> ENGLISH AND SHORTHAND DICTIONARY Ex Libris C. K. OGDEN" PITMAN'S ENGLISH SHORTHAND AND DICTIONARY BASED ON THE ORIGINAL WORK OF SIR ISAAC PITMAN WITH LISTS OF PROPER NAMES, GRAMM.ALOGUES AND CONTRACTIONS, AND AN ANALYTICAL INTRODUCTION ON THE FORMATION OF SHORTHAND OUTLINES THE DEFINITIONS BY ARTHUR REYNOLDS, M.A., Oxon. CENTENARY EDITION ^ LONDON SIR ISAAC PITMAN & SONS, LTD., t AMEN CORNER, E.C.4 BATH: PHONETIC INSTITUTE MELBOURNE: THE RIALTO, COLLINS STREET NEW YORK: 2 WEST 45TH STREET TORONTO, CANADA The Commercial Text Book Co. OR The Copp, Clark Co., Ltd. Printed by Sir Isaac Pitman & Sons, Ltd., London, Bath, Melbourne and New York Re-f UNIVEP.r^^TY OF CALTFOR ^ SANTA BARBARA '^'"^ PREFACE. IN response to a demand often expressed by users of the Shorthand Dictionary, it was decided to add to the words it contained their ordinary meanings, with occasional notes concerning their origins. It was, in fact, impossible to resist the argument that it is vastly more convenient to use one book of reference than to have to use two, and accordingly the task of making the dictionary complete and self-contained was attempted, and has, it is hoped, been accompUshed to the edification of those who may refer to it. In order to keep the volume within reasonable hmits, a great degreeofeconomy had tobepractised. Words havea tendency, the result of their handling sometimes by ordinary folk and sometimes by writers, to pass from their primary and obvious meanings to metaphorical senses. Only in a large and compre- hensive dictionary would it be possible to follow every word into a variety of usages, and here this has been done sparingly; for, given one or two of its meanings, anyone meeting a word in a connection different from its natural setting would at once perceive that metaphor had been at work upon it, and be able to see how it had acquired this further meaning. It is very tempting klso to trace words to their earliest dis- coverablesource, butagainthatprocesswould resultin extending thebulk as well as the scope of the present book. Its purpose is to furnish the writer of shorthand with a ready means of finding thecommon and regularsignificationof eachword theshorthand outline of which he requires to learn. What such a student needs for his purpose is the immediate and obvious rather than the recondite. Into the making of an English Dictionary Dr. Johnson intro- duced a delightful feature, the illustration of the meanings and usagesofwordsbymeansofliterarypassagesinwhichtheyoccur. In a particular context, and especially when placed there by one of the makers ofliterature, a word is invested with a new life and power,and itneedsthequotation for thelexicographeradequately " to convey the acquired meaning. To attempt this here was also out of the question, and the modest rdle assumed confines the/ambition of this Dictionary within the Umit of a desire to explain simply and usefully the words of the vocabulary. Subject, therefore, to these restrictions, the work is submitted to the pubUc of shorthand writers and students, in the hope and with the intention that it may be a real help to them. A. R. Digitized by tine InternetArcliive in 2007 witli funding from IVIicrosoft Corporation littp://www.arcliive.org/details/englislisliortliandOOpitmiala