Table Of Content

09574_ch04_p121-172.indd 172 4/28/11 12:40 PM David A. Madsen David P. Madsen fi fth edition Engineering Drawing & Design David A. Madsen President, Madsen Designs Inc., www.madsendesigns.com Faculty Emeritus, Former Department Chairperson, Drafting Technology, Autodesk Premier Training Center Clackamas Community College, Oregon City, Oregon Director Emeritus, American Design Drafting Association David P. Madsen President, Engineering Drafting & Design, Inc. Vice President, Madsen Designs Inc. Computer-Aided Design and Drafting Consultant and Educator SolidWorks Research Associate American Design Drafting Association Member J. Lee Turpin (author of Student CD Descriptive Geometry Reference Material) Former Drafting Technology Instructor, Department Chair, Vocational Counselor Clackamas Community College, Oregon City, Oregon Former Drafting Technology Instructor, Chemeketa Community College, Salem, Oregon Mount Hood Community College, Gresham, Oregon, Oregon Institute of Technology, Oregon Polytechnic Institute, Portland Community College, Portland, Oregon Australia • Brazil • Japan • Korea • Mexico • Singapore • Spain • United Kingdom • United States Copyright 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. 09574_fm_pi-xxviii.indd i 4/29/11 3:57 PM This is an electronic version of the print textbook. Due to electronic rights restrictions, some third party content may be suppressed. Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. The publisher reserves the right to remove content from this title at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. For valuable information on pricing, previous editions, changes to current editions, and alternate formats, please visit www.cengage.com/highered to search by ISBN#, author, title, or keyword for materials in your areas of interest. Copyright 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. 09574_ch04_p121-172.indd 172 4/28/11 12:40 PM Engineering Drawing and Design, © 2012 Delmar, Cengage Learning Fifth Edition ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No part of this work covered by the copyright herein David A. Madsen, David P. Madsen may be reproduced, transmitted, stored, or used in any form or by any means graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including but not limited to photocopying, Vice President, Editorial: Dave Garza recording, scanning, digitizing, taping, Web distribution, information networks, Director of Learning Solutions: Sandy Clark or information storage and retrieval systems, except as permitted under Senior Acquisitions Editor: James Devoe Section 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without the prior Managing Editor: Larry Main written permission of the publisher. Senior Product Manager: Sharon Chambliss For product information and technology assistance, contact us at Editorial Assistant: Cristopher Savino Cengage Learning Customer & Sales Support, 1-800-354-9706 Vice President, Marketing: Jennifer Baker For permission to use material from this text or product, Executive Marketing Manager: submit all requests online at www.cengage.com/permissions. Deborah S. Yarnell Further permissions questions can be e-mailed to [email protected] Marketing Manager: Kathryn Hall Production Director: Wendy Troeger Library of Congress Control Number: 2010940076 Production Manager: Mark Bernard ISBN-13: 978-1-111-30957-2 Senior Content Project Manager: Michael Tubbert ISBN-10: 1-111-30957-4 Senior Art Director: Casey Kirchmayer Technology Project Manager: Delmar Christopher Catalina 5 Maxwell Drive Production Technology Analyst: Joe Pliss Clifton Park, NY 12065-2919 USA Cover Illustration: ATV Illustration © Jim Hatch, www.hatchillustration.com, Client: Honda, Ad Agency: Vreeke and Associates. Cengage Learning is a leading provider of customized learning solutions with offi ce locations around the globe, including Singapore, the United Kingdom, Australia, Mexico, Brazil, and Japan. Locate your local offi ce at: international.cengage.com/region Cengage Learning products are represented in Canada by Nelson Education, Ltd. 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The publisher makes no representations or warranties of any kind, including but not limited to, the warranties of fi tness for particular purpose or merchantability, nor are any such representations implied with respect to the material set forth herein, and the publisher takes no responsibility with respect to such material. The publisher shall not be liable for any special, consequential, or exemplary damages resulting, in whole or part, from the readers’ use of, or reliance upon, this material. Printed in the United States of America 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 14 13 12 11 Copyright 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. 09574_fm_pi-xxviii.indd ii 4/29/11 3:57 PM C O N T E N T S Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .xii Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .40 Acknowledgments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxiv Manual Drafting Equipment and Supplies. . . . . . . .41 Drafting Furniture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .41 Drafting Pencils and Leads. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .41 SECTION 1 Technical Pens, Pen Cleaning, and Ink . . . . . . . . . .42 Erasers and Erasing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .42 INTRODUCTION TO Dividers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43 Parallel Bar. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43 ENGINEERING DRAWING Triangles. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43 AND DESIGN 1 Templates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .44 Irregular Curves. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45 Chapter 1— Introduction to Engineering Drafting Machines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45 Drawing and Design 2 Scales . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .46 Drafting Media. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .50 Learning Objectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2 Sheet Size and Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .53 The Engineering Design Application . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Diazo Reproduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .62 Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8 Photocopy Reproduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .62 A History of Engineering Drawing. . . . . . . . . . . . . .10 Properly Folding Prints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .62 The Drafter. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14 Microfi lm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .62 Drafting Fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14 CADD Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 Education and Qualifi cations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22 Drafting Job Opportunities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25 Professional Perspective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 Searching for a Drafting Position. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26 Math Applications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 Drafting Salaries and Working Conditions . . . . . . .27 Web Site Research . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .65 Professional Organization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28 Drafting Equipment, Media, and Reproduction Drafting Standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .29 Methods Test. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .65 Workplace Ethics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30 Drafting Equipment, Media, and Reproduction Methods Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .66 Copyrights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31 Trademarks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32 CADD Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 Chapter 3— Computer-Aided Design Professional Perspective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 and Drafting (CADD) 69 Web Site Research . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37 Introduction to Engineering Drawing Learning Objectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .69 and Design Test. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .38 The Engineering Design Application . . . . . . . . . . 69 Introduction to Engineering Drawing Introduction to Computer-Aided Design and Design Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .38 and Drafting (CADD). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .70 The CADD Workstation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .71 Chapter 2— Drafting Equipment, Media, CADD Software Products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .71 and Reproduction Methods 39 CADD Formats. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .75 Industry and CADD. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .79 Learning Objectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .39 CADD Applications 3-D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 The Engineering Design Application . . . . . . . . . . 39 iii Copyright 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. 09574_fm_pi-xxviii.indd iii 4/29/11 3:57 PM iv CONTENTS Virtual Reality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .89 SECTION 2 Basic CADD Techniques. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .93 Surface Modeling Techniques. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .102 FUNDAMENTAL Solid Modeling Techniques . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .104 APPLICATIONS 173 CADD Applications 3-D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110 CADD Standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .111 Chapter 5— Sketching Applications 174 Productivity with CADD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .112 Green Technology Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115 Learning Objectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .174 Professional Perspective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118 The Engineering Design Application . . . . . . . . . 174 Web Site Research . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .118 Sketching . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .174 Computer-Aided Design and Sketching Tools and Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .175 Drafting (CADD) Test. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .119 Sketching Straight Lines. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .175 Computer-Aided Design and Sketching Circular Lines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .176 Drafting (CADD) Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .119 Sketching Arcs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .179 Sketching Ellipses. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .180 Chapter 4— Manufacturing Materials Measurement Lines and Proportions . . . . . . . . . . .180 and Processes 121 Introduction to the Block Technique. . . . . . . . . . .181 Creating Multiview Sketches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .183 Learning Objectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .121 Creating Isometric Sketches. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .184 The Engineering Design Application . . . . . . . . . 121 CADD Applications 3-D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187 Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .122 Professional Perspective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191 Manufacturing Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .122 Sketching Applications Test. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .191 Green Technology Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126 Sketching Applications Problems. . . . . . . . . . . . . .192 Metallurgy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .126 Plastics and Polymers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .126 Chapter 6 — Lines and Lettering 193 Plastic Resin Identifi cation Codes . . . . . . . . . . . . .129 Learning Objectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .193 Plastics Material Selection Applications. . . . . . . . .129 The Engineering Design Application . . . . . . . . . 193 Green Technology Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130 Lines. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .193 Material Selection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .131 Types of Lines. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .194 CADD Applications 3-D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133 CADD Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204 Manufacturing Processes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .135 Lettering. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .207 Machine Processes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .140 Lettering on Engineering Drawings. . . . . . . . . . . .207 CADD Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146 Lettering Numbers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .207 Machined Feature and Drawing Other Lettering Styles. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .208 Representations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .147 Lettering Legibility. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .209 Manufacturing Plastic Products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .153 CADD Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210 Thermoset Plastic Fabrication Process. . . . . . . . . .157 Manufacturing Composites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .158 CADD Applications 3-D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212 Rapid Prototyping (RP) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .160 Professional Perspective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212 Tool Design. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .160 Math Applications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214 Computer-Integrated Manufacturing (CIM) . . . . .161 Web Site Research . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .214 Application Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .162 Lines and Lettering Test. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .214 Integration of Computer-Aided Design Lines and Lettering Problems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .214 and Computer-Aided Manufacturing (CAD/CAM). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .164 Chapter 7—Drafting Geometry 218 Statistical Process Control (SPC). . . . . . . . . . . . . .165 CADD Applications 3-D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166 Learning Objectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .218 Green Technology Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168 The Engineering Design Application . . . . . . . . . 218 Professional Perspective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168 CADD Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219 Math Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169 Drafting Geometry. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .219 Web Site Research . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .169 Characteristics of Lines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .219 Manufacturing Materials and Geometric Shapes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .220 Processes Test. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .170 Common Geometric Constructions. . . . . . . . . . . .224 Manufacturing Materials and Constructing Polygons. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .230 Processes Problems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .170 Constructing Tangencies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .233 Copyright 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. 09574_fm_pi-xxviii.indd iv 4/29/11 3:57 PM CONTENTS v Constructing an Ellipse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .236 Web Site Research . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .307 Professional Perspective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237 Auxiliary Views Test. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .308 Math Applications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 238 Auxiliary Views Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .308 Web Site Research . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .238 Drafting Geometry Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .238 Chapter 10— Dimensioning and Drafting Geometry Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .239 Tolerancing 315 Learning Objectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .315 SECTION 3 The Engineering Design Application . . . . . . . . . 315 Introduction to Dimensioning. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .319 DRAFTING VIEWS Dimensioning Basics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .320 AND ANNOTATIONS 247 Dimensioning Characteristics and Defi nitions. . . .320 Fundamental Dimensioning Rules. . . . . . . . . . . . .323 Chapter 8—Multiviews 248 Dimensioning Components. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .324 Dimensioning Symbols. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .325 Learning Objectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .248 Dimensioning Systems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .326 The Engineering Design Application . . . . . . . . . 248 Dimensioning Fundamentals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .327 Multiviews . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .250 Preferred Dimensioning Practices . . . . . . . . . . . . .334 Third-Angle Projection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .252 Notes for Machined Features. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .338 First-Angle Projection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .254 Placing Location Dimensions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .342 View Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .254 Specifying Dimension Origin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .344 Projection of Contours, Circles, and Arcs . . . . . . .262 Dimensioning Auxiliary Views. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .344 Line Precedence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .266 CADD Applications 2-D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 345 Multiview Analysis and Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .266 Using General Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .349 Recommended Review. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .267 Tolerancing Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .351 Multiview Layout. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .267 CADD Applications 3-D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 360 CADD Applications 2-D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267 Dimensions Applied to Platings and CADD Applications 3-D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 270 Coatings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .361 CADD Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275 Maximum and Minimum Dimensions. . . . . . . . . .361 Professional Perspective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275 Casting Drawing and Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .361 Math Applications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277 Machining Allowance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .362 Web Site Research . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .277 Casting Drawings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .363 Multiviews Test. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .277 Forging, Design, and Drawing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .363 Multiviews Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .277 Drawings for Plastic Part Manufacturing. . . . . . . .369 Machined Surfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .370 Chapter 9—Auxiliary Views 292 Design and Drafting of Machined Features . . . . . .373 Tool Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .373 Learning Objectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .292 CADD Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 378 The Engineering Design Application . . . . . . . . . 292 Introduction to ISO 9000. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .378 Auxiliary Views . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .292 Professional Perspective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 379 Auxiliary View Visualization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .295 CADD Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 381 Drawing Curves in Auxiliary Views. . . . . . . . . . . .297 Recommended Review. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .382 View Enlargements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .297 Math Applications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 383 Drawing a Removed Auxiliary View. . . . . . . . . . . .297 Web Site Research . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .383 Locating Views on Different Sheets . . . . . . . . . . . .298 Dimensioning and Tolerancing Test. . . . . . . . . . . .384 Drawing a Rotated Auxiliary View. . . . . . . . . . . . .298 Dimensioning and Tolerancing Problems . . . . . . .384 Secondary Auxiliary Views. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .299 Auxiliary View Analysis and Review . . . . . . . . . . .300 Chapter 11—Fasteners and Springs 392 Descriptive Geometry. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .302 Auxiliary View Layout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .302 Learning Objectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .392 CADD Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 304 The Engineering Design Application . . . . . . . . . 392 CADD Applications 2-D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 305 Screw Thread Fasteners . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .393 CADD Applications 3-D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 306 Thread-Cutting Tools. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .395 Professional Perspective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 307 Thread Forms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .395 Math Applications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 307 Thread Representations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .397 Copyright 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. 09574_fm_pi-xxviii.indd v 4/29/11 3:57 PM vi CONTENTS Drawing Thread Representations. . . . . . . . . . . . . .398 Revolved Sections. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .453 Drawing Detailed Threads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .400 Removed Sections. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .454 Thread Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .403 Locating Sectional Views on Different Sheets . . . .455 Measuring Screw Threads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .406 Recommended Review. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .457 CADD Applications 2-D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 406 Professional Perspective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 457 CADD Applications 3-D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 407 Math Applications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 459 Threaded Fasteners . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .408 Web Site Research . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .459 Thread Design Guidelines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .410 Sections, Revolutions, and Conventional Lag Screws and Wood Screws. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .414 Breaks Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .459 Self-Tapping Screws . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .414 Sections, Revolutions, and Conventional Thread Inserts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .415 Breaks Problems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .460 Self-Clinching Fasteners. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .415 How to Draw Various Types of Screw Chapter 13— Geometric Dimensioning Heads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .416 and Tolerancing 475 Drawing Nuts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .417 Drawing Washers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .418 Learning Objectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .475 Drawing Dowel Pins. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .418 The Engineering Design Application . . . . . . . . . 475 Taper Pins and Other Pins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .418 Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .476 Retaining Rings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .419 GD&T Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .477 Keys, Keyways, and Keyseats. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .419 Datums. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .477 Rivets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .420 Applying Material Condition and Material Designing and Drawing Springs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .421 Boundary Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .492 CADD Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 421 Limits of Size Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .494 Spring Representations and Specifi cations. . . . . . .426 Perfect Form Boundary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .494 Recommended Review. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .428 Applying Regardless of Feature Size and CADD Applications 2-D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 428 Regardless of Material Boundary . . . . . . . . . . . .494 Applying Maximum Material Condition . . . . . . . .496 CADD Applications 3-D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 429 Applying Least Material Condition . . . . . . . . . . . .498 Professional Perspective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 429 Application of RMB on a Primary Datum Math Applications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 431 Feature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .499 Web Site Research . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .431 Application of RMB on a Secondary and Fasteners and Springs Test. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .432 Tertiary Datum Feature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .499 Fasteners and Springs Problems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .432 The Effect of Datum Precedence and Material Condition. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .499 Chapter 12— Sections, Revolutions, Introduction to Geometric Characteristic and Conventional Breaks 439 and Related Symbols. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .501 Form Geometric Tolerances. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .504 Learning Objectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .439 Orientation Geometric Tolerances. . . . . . . . . . . . .507 The Engineering Design Application . . . . . . . . . 439 Applying Profi le Geometric Tolerances . . . . . . . . .532 Introduction to Sectional Views. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .440 Runout Geometric Tolerance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .544 Cutting-Plane Lines and Sectional View Specifying Independency. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .546 Identifi cation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .440 CADD Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 547 Section Lines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .442 CADD Applications 2-D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 548 Full Sections. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .444 Professional Perspective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 553 Half Sections. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .444 Math Applications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 555 Offset Sections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .445 Web Site Research . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .555 Aligned Sections. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .446 Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing Unsectioned Features. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .446 Test. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .556 Intersections in Section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .447 Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing Conventional Revolutions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .447 Problems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .556 Broken-Out Sections. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .448 Auxiliary Sections. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .448 Chapter 14— Pictorial Drawings CADD Applications 2-D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 449 and Technical Illustrations 562 CADD Applications 3-D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 450 Conventional Breaks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .452 Learning Objectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .562 CADD Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 453 The Engineering Design Application . . . . . . . . . 562 Copyright 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. 09574_fm_pi-xxviii.indd vi 4/29/11 3:57 PM CONTENTS vii Introduction to Pictorial Drawing and Chapter 16— Mechanisms: Linkages, Technical Illustration Pictorial Drawings. . . . . .563 Cams, Gears, and Pictorial Drawings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .563 Bearings 678 Isometric Projections and Drawings . . . . . . . . . . .566 Types of Isometric Drawings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .568 Learning Objectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .678 Isometric Construction Techniques. . . . . . . . . . . .568 The Engineering Design Application . . . . . . . . . 678 Dimetric Pictorial Representation . . . . . . . . . . . . .574 Mechanism. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .679 Trimetric Pictorial Representation. . . . . . . . . . . . .574 Linkages. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .679 Exploded Pictorial Drawing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .575 Linkage Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .679 Oblique Drawing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .576 Types of Linkages. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .680 Perspective Drawing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .578 Cam Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .682 Drawing a One-Point Perspective . . . . . . . . . . . . .578 CADD Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 683 Drawing a Two-Point Perspective. . . . . . . . . . . . . .580 Cam Displacement Diagrams. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .684 Drawing a Three-Point Perspective . . . . . . . . . . . .580 Construction of an Inline Follower Plate Drawing Circles and Curves in Perspective. . . . . .582 Cam Profi le. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .687 Using Basic Shading Techniques . . . . . . . . . . . . . .583 Preparing the Formal Plate Cam Drawing. . . . . . .688 Pictorial Drawing Layout Techniques . . . . . . . . . .584 Construction of an Offset Follower Plate CADD Applications 3-D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 585 Cam Profi le. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .688 Professional Perspective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 589 Drum Cam Drawing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .690 Math Applications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 590 CADD Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 691 Web Site Research . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .590 Introduction to Gears. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .691 Pictorial Drawings and Technical Gear Structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .692 Illustrations Test. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .590 Splines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .692 Pictorial Drawings and Technical Illustrations Gear Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .693 Problems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .591 Spur Gear Design. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .696 Drawing Specifi cations and Tolerances . . . . . . . . .696 SECTION 4 Designing and Drawing Spur Gears. . . . . . . . . . . .696 Designing Spur Gear Trains . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .702 Designing and Drawing the Rack WORKING DRAWINGS 595 and Pinion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .703 Designing and Drawing Bevel Gears . . . . . . . . . . .703 Chapter 15—Working Drawings 596 Designing and Drawing Worm Gears. . . . . . . . . . .705 Learning Objectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .596 Plastic Gears. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .706 The Engineering Design Application . . . . . . . . . 596 CADD Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 708 Introduction to Section Four . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .597 Bearings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .709 Introduction to Working Drawings . . . . . . . . . . . .597 Drawing Bearing Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .710 Detail Drawings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .598 Bearing Codes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .710 CADD Applications 2-D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 601 Bearing Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .710 Gear and Bearing Assemblies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .715 CADD Applications 3-D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 601 Assembly Drawings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .603 Professional Perspective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 717 Types of Assembly Drawings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .604 Math Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 718 Identifi cation Numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .607 Web Site Research . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .718 Parts Lists. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .608 Mechanisms: Linkages, Cams, Gears, and Purchase Parts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .612 Bearings Test. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .718 Engineering Changes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .614 Mechanisms: Linkages, Cams, Gears, and Bearings Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .719 CADD Applications 2-D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 614 CADD Applications 3-D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 615 Chapter 17—Belt and Chain Drives 727 Drawing From a Prototype. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .620 Analysis of a Set of Working Drawings . . . . . . . . .620 Learning Objectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .727 CADD Applications 3-D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 627 The Engineering Design Application . . . . . . . . . 727 Professional Perspective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 628 Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .728 Math Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 629 Advantages of Gear Drives. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .728 Web Site Research . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .629 Advantages of Belt Drives. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .728 Working Drawings Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .629 Advantages of Chain Drives. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .728 Working Drawings Problems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .630 Belts and Belt Drives. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .728 Copyright 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. 09574_fm_pi-xxviii.indd vii 4/29/11 3:57 PM viii CONTENTS Belt Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .728 CADD Applications 2-D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 783 Typical Belt Drive Design. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .730 Flanges. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .787 Belt Drive Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .730 Seams and Hems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .788 Chain Drives. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .734 Roll Forming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .788 Chain Drive Sprockets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .734 CADD Applications 3-D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 789 Chain Classifi cation and Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .734 Material Applications in Sheet Metal Drafting. . . .791 Precision Chains. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .734 Precision Sheet Metal Dimensioning Applications. . .792 CADD Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 735 Sheet Metal Punch Applications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .796 Nonprecision Chains . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .736 Professional Perspective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 798 Light-Duty Chain. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .736 Math Applications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 798 Chain Drive Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .737 Web Site Research . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .798 Roller Chain Drive Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .737 Precision Sheet Metal Drafting Test . . . . . . . . . . . .799 Professional Perspective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 741 Precision Sheet Metal Drafting Problems. . . . . . . .799 Math Applications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 741 Web Site Research . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .742 Chapter 20— Electrical and Electronic Belt and Chain Drives Test. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .742 Drafting 809 Belt and Chain Drives Problems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .742 Learning Objectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .809 Chapter 18— Welding Processes The Engineering Design Application . . . . . . . . . 809 and Representations 745 Introduction to Electrical and Electronic Drafting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .810 Learning Objectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .745 Fundamentals of Electrical Diagrams. . . . . . . . . . .811 The Engineering Design Application . . . . . . . . . 745 Generation, Transmission, and Distribution of Electricity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .814 Welding Processes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .746 Electric Power Substation Design Drawings . . . . .814 Elements of Welding Drawings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .748 Residential and Commercial Electrical Plans. . . . .819 Types of Welds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .751 Weld Symbol Leader Arrow Related to Green Technology Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 825 Weld Location . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .755 Professional Perspective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 827 Additional Weld Characteristics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .759 Electronic Drafting. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .827 Welding Tests. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .762 Electronic Diagrams. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .827 Welding Specifi cations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .765 Printed Circuit Technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .838 Prequalifi ed Welded Joints. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .765 Pictorial Drawings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .846 Weld Design. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .765 CADD Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 848 CADD Applications 2-D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 766 Professional Perspective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 850 Professional Perspective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 768 Math Applications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 851 Math Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 768 Web Site Research . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .851 Web Site Research . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .769 Electrical and Electronic Drafting Test. . . . . . . . . .852 Welding Processes and Representations Test. . . . .769 Electrical and Electronic Drafting Problems . . . . .852 Welding Processes and Representations Problems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .769 Chapter 21—Industrial Process Piping 868 Learning Objectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .868 SECTION 5 The Engineering Design Application . . . . . . . . . 868 Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .869 SPECIALTY DRAFTING Where Industrial Piping Is Used . . . . . . . . . . . . . .869 AND DESIGN 775 Pipe Drafting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .870 Pipe Drawings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .872 Chapter 19— Precision Sheet Metal Types of Pipe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .876 Drafting 776 Pipe Sizes and Wall Thickness. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .878 Pipe Connection Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .879 Learning Objectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .776 Pipe Fittings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .881 The Engineering Design Application . . . . . . . . . 776 Flanges. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .885 Introduction to Precision Sheet Metal Drafting. . .776 Valves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .887 Precision Sheet Metal Layout Options. . . . . . . . . .777 Pipe Drafting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .891 Precision Sheet Metal Material Bending. . . . . . . . .782 CADD Applications 2-D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 901 Copyright 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. 09574_fm_pi-xxviii.indd viii 4/29/11 3:57 PM

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Preview Engineering Drawing and design

09574_ch04_p121-172.indd 172 4/28/11 12:40 PM David A. Madsen David P. Madsen fi fth edition Engineering Drawing & Design David A. Madsen President, Madsen Designs Inc., www.madsendesigns.com Faculty Emeritus, Former Department Chairperson, Drafting Technology, Autodesk Premier Training Center Clackamas Community College, Oregon City, Oregon Director Emeritus, American Design Drafting Association David P. Madsen President, Engineering Drafting & Design, Inc. Vice President, Madsen Designs Inc. Computer-Aided Design and Drafting Consultant and Educator SolidWorks Research Associate American Design Drafting Association Member J. Lee Turpin (author of Student CD Descriptive Geometry Reference Material) Former Drafting Technology Instructor, Department Chair, Vocational Counselor Clackamas Community College, Oregon City, Oregon Former Drafting Technology Instructor, Chemeketa Community College, Salem, Oregon Mount Hood Community College, Gresham, Oregon, Oregon Institute of Technology, Oregon Polytechnic Institute, Portland Community College, Portland, Oregon Australia • Brazil • Japan • Korea • Mexico • Singapore • Spain • United Kingdom • United States Copyright 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. 09574_fm_pi-xxviii.indd i 4/29/11 3:57 PM This is an electronic version of the print textbook. Due to electronic rights restrictions, some third party content may be suppressed. Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. The publisher reserves the right to remove content from this title at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. For valuable information on pricing, previous editions, changes to current editions, and alternate formats, please visit www.cengage.com/highered to search by ISBN#, author, title, or keyword for materials in your areas of interest. Copyright 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. 09574_ch04_p121-172.indd 172 4/28/11 12:40 PM Engineering Drawing and Design, © 2012 Delmar, Cengage Learning Fifth Edition ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No part of this work covered by the copyright herein David A. Madsen, David P. Madsen may be reproduced, transmitted, stored, or used in any form or by any means graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including but not limited to photocopying, Vice President, Editorial: Dave Garza recording, scanning, digitizing, taping, Web distribution, information networks, Director of Learning Solutions: Sandy Clark or information storage and retrieval systems, except as permitted under Senior Acquisitions Editor: James Devoe Section 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without the prior Managing Editor: Larry Main written permission of the publisher. Senior Product Manager: Sharon Chambliss For product information and technology assistance, contact us at Editorial Assistant: Cristopher Savino Cengage Learning Customer & Sales Support, 1-800-354-9706 Vice President, Marketing: Jennifer Baker For permission to use material from this text or product, Executive Marketing Manager: submit all requests online at www.cengage.com/permissions. Deborah S. Yarnell Further permissions questions can be e-mailed to [email protected] Marketing Manager: Kathryn Hall Production Director: Wendy Troeger Library of Congress Control Number: 2010940076 Production Manager: Mark Bernard ISBN-13: 978-1-111-30957-2 Senior Content Project Manager: Michael Tubbert ISBN-10: 1-111-30957-4 Senior Art Director: Casey Kirchmayer Technology Project Manager: Delmar Christopher Catalina 5 Maxwell Drive Production Technology Analyst: Joe Pliss Clifton Park, NY 12065-2919 USA Cover Illustration: ATV Illustration © Jim Hatch, www.hatchillustration.com, Client: Honda, Ad Agency: Vreeke and Associates. Cengage Learning is a leading provider of customized learning solutions with offi ce locations around the globe, including Singapore, the United Kingdom, Australia, Mexico, Brazil, and Japan. Locate your local offi ce at: international.cengage.com/region Cengage Learning products are represented in Canada by Nelson Education, Ltd. 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Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. 09574_fm_pi-xxviii.indd ii 4/29/11 3:57 PM C O N T E N T S Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .xii Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .40 Acknowledgments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxiv Manual Drafting Equipment and Supplies. . . . . . . .41 Drafting Furniture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .41 Drafting Pencils and Leads. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .41 SECTION 1 Technical Pens, Pen Cleaning, and Ink . . . . . . . . . .42 Erasers and Erasing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .42 INTRODUCTION TO Dividers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43 Parallel Bar. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43 ENGINEERING DRAWING Triangles. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43 AND DESIGN 1 Templates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .44 Irregular Curves. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45 Chapter 1— Introduction to Engineering Drafting Machines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45 Drawing and Design 2 Scales . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .46 Drafting Media. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .50 Learning Objectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2 Sheet Size and Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .53 The Engineering Design Application . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Diazo Reproduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .62 Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8 Photocopy Reproduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .62 A History of Engineering Drawing. . . . . . . . . . . . . .10 Properly Folding Prints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .62 The Drafter. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14 Microfi lm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .62 Drafting Fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14 CADD Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 Education and Qualifi cations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22 Drafting Job Opportunities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25 Professional Perspective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 Searching for a Drafting Position. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26 Math Applications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 Drafting Salaries and Working Conditions . . . . . . .27 Web Site Research . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .65 Professional Organization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28 Drafting Equipment, Media, and Reproduction Drafting Standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .29 Methods Test. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .65 Workplace Ethics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30 Drafting Equipment, Media, and Reproduction Methods Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .66 Copyrights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31 Trademarks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32 CADD Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 Chapter 3— Computer-Aided Design Professional Perspective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 and Drafting (CADD) 69 Web Site Research . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37 Introduction to Engineering Drawing Learning Objectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .69 and Design Test. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .38 The Engineering Design Application . . . . . . . . . . 69 Introduction to Engineering Drawing Introduction to Computer-Aided Design and Design Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .38 and Drafting (CADD). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .70 The CADD Workstation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .71 Chapter 2— Drafting Equipment, Media, CADD Software Products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .71 and Reproduction Methods 39 CADD Formats. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .75 Industry and CADD. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .79 Learning Objectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .39 CADD Applications 3-D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 The Engineering Design Application . . . . . . . . . . 39 iii Copyright 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. 09574_fm_pi-xxviii.indd iii 4/29/11 3:57 PM iv CONTENTS Virtual Reality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .89 SECTION 2 Basic CADD Techniques. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .93 Surface Modeling Techniques. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .102 FUNDAMENTAL Solid Modeling Techniques . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .104 APPLICATIONS 173 CADD Applications 3-D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110 CADD Standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .111 Chapter 5— Sketching Applications 174 Productivity with CADD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .112 Green Technology Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115 Learning Objectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .174 Professional Perspective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118 The Engineering Design Application . . . . . . . . . 174 Web Site Research . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .118 Sketching . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .174 Computer-Aided Design and Sketching Tools and Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .175 Drafting (CADD) Test. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .119 Sketching Straight Lines. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .175 Computer-Aided Design and Sketching Circular Lines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .176 Drafting (CADD) Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .119 Sketching Arcs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .179 Sketching Ellipses. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .180 Chapter 4— Manufacturing Materials Measurement Lines and Proportions . . . . . . . . . . .180 and Processes 121 Introduction to the Block Technique. . . . . . . . . . .181 Creating Multiview Sketches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .183 Learning Objectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .121 Creating Isometric Sketches. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .184 The Engineering Design Application . . . . . . . . . 121 CADD Applications 3-D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187 Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .122 Professional Perspective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191 Manufacturing Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .122 Sketching Applications Test. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .191 Green Technology Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126 Sketching Applications Problems. . . . . . . . . . . . . .192 Metallurgy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .126 Plastics and Polymers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .126 Chapter 6 — Lines and Lettering 193 Plastic Resin Identifi cation Codes . . . . . . . . . . . . .129 Learning Objectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .193 Plastics Material Selection Applications. . . . . . . . .129 The Engineering Design Application . . . . . . . . . 193 Green Technology Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130 Lines. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .193 Material Selection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .131 Types of Lines. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .194 CADD Applications 3-D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133 CADD Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204 Manufacturing Processes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .135 Lettering. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .207 Machine Processes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .140 Lettering on Engineering Drawings. . . . . . . . . . . .207 CADD Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146 Lettering Numbers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .207 Machined Feature and Drawing Other Lettering Styles. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .208 Representations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .147 Lettering Legibility. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .209 Manufacturing Plastic Products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .153 CADD Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210 Thermoset Plastic Fabrication Process. . . . . . . . . .157 Manufacturing Composites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .158 CADD Applications 3-D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212 Rapid Prototyping (RP) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .160 Professional Perspective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212 Tool Design. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .160 Math Applications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214 Computer-Integrated Manufacturing (CIM) . . . . .161 Web Site Research . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .214 Application Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .162 Lines and Lettering Test. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .214 Integration of Computer-Aided Design Lines and Lettering Problems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .214 and Computer-Aided Manufacturing (CAD/CAM). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .164 Chapter 7—Drafting Geometry 218 Statistical Process Control (SPC). . . . . . . . . . . . . .165 CADD Applications 3-D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166 Learning Objectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .218 Green Technology Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168 The Engineering Design Application . . . . . . . . . 218 Professional Perspective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168 CADD Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219 Math Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169 Drafting Geometry. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .219 Web Site Research . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .169 Characteristics of Lines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .219 Manufacturing Materials and Geometric Shapes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .220 Processes Test. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .170 Common Geometric Constructions. . . . . . . . . . . .224 Manufacturing Materials and Constructing Polygons. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .230 Processes Problems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .170 Constructing Tangencies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .233 Copyright 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. 09574_fm_pi-xxviii.indd iv 4/29/11 3:57 PM CONTENTS v Constructing an Ellipse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .236 Web Site Research . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .307 Professional Perspective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237 Auxiliary Views Test. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .308 Math Applications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 238 Auxiliary Views Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .308 Web Site Research . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .238 Drafting Geometry Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .238 Chapter 10— Dimensioning and Drafting Geometry Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .239 Tolerancing 315 Learning Objectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .315 SECTION 3 The Engineering Design Application . . . . . . . . . 315 Introduction to Dimensioning. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .319 DRAFTING VIEWS Dimensioning Basics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .320 AND ANNOTATIONS 247 Dimensioning Characteristics and Defi nitions. . . .320 Fundamental Dimensioning Rules. . . . . . . . . . . . .323 Chapter 8—Multiviews 248 Dimensioning Components. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .324 Dimensioning Symbols. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .325 Learning Objectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .248 Dimensioning Systems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .326 The Engineering Design Application . . . . . . . . . 248 Dimensioning Fundamentals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .327 Multiviews . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .250 Preferred Dimensioning Practices . . . . . . . . . . . . .334 Third-Angle Projection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .252 Notes for Machined Features. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .338 First-Angle Projection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .254 Placing Location Dimensions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .342 View Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .254 Specifying Dimension Origin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .344 Projection of Contours, Circles, and Arcs . . . . . . .262 Dimensioning Auxiliary Views. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .344 Line Precedence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .266 CADD Applications 2-D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 345 Multiview Analysis and Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .266 Using General Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .349 Recommended Review. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .267 Tolerancing Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .351 Multiview Layout. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .267 CADD Applications 3-D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 360 CADD Applications 2-D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267 Dimensions Applied to Platings and CADD Applications 3-D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 270 Coatings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .361 CADD Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275 Maximum and Minimum Dimensions. . . . . . . . . .361 Professional Perspective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275 Casting Drawing and Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .361 Math Applications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277 Machining Allowance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .362 Web Site Research . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .277 Casting Drawings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .363 Multiviews Test. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .277 Forging, Design, and Drawing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .363 Multiviews Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .277 Drawings for Plastic Part Manufacturing. . . . . . . .369 Machined Surfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .370 Chapter 9—Auxiliary Views 292 Design and Drafting of Machined Features . . . . . .373 Tool Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .373 Learning Objectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .292 CADD Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 378 The Engineering Design Application . . . . . . . . . 292 Introduction to ISO 9000. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .378 Auxiliary Views . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .292 Professional Perspective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 379 Auxiliary View Visualization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .295 CADD Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 381 Drawing Curves in Auxiliary Views. . . . . . . . . . . .297 Recommended Review. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .382 View Enlargements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .297 Math Applications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 383 Drawing a Removed Auxiliary View. . . . . . . . . . . .297 Web Site Research . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .383 Locating Views on Different Sheets . . . . . . . . . . . .298 Dimensioning and Tolerancing Test. . . . . . . . . . . .384 Drawing a Rotated Auxiliary View. . . . . . . . . . . . .298 Dimensioning and Tolerancing Problems . . . . . . .384 Secondary Auxiliary Views. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .299 Auxiliary View Analysis and Review . . . . . . . . . . .300 Chapter 11—Fasteners and Springs 392 Descriptive Geometry. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .302 Auxiliary View Layout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .302 Learning Objectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .392 CADD Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 304 The Engineering Design Application . . . . . . . . . 392 CADD Applications 2-D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 305 Screw Thread Fasteners . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .393 CADD Applications 3-D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 306 Thread-Cutting Tools. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .395 Professional Perspective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 307 Thread Forms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .395 Math Applications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 307 Thread Representations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .397 Copyright 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. 09574_fm_pi-xxviii.indd v 4/29/11 3:57 PM vi CONTENTS Drawing Thread Representations. . . . . . . . . . . . . .398 Revolved Sections. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .453 Drawing Detailed Threads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .400 Removed Sections. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .454 Thread Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .403 Locating Sectional Views on Different Sheets . . . .455 Measuring Screw Threads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .406 Recommended Review. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .457 CADD Applications 2-D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 406 Professional Perspective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 457 CADD Applications 3-D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 407 Math Applications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 459 Threaded Fasteners . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .408 Web Site Research . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .459 Thread Design Guidelines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .410 Sections, Revolutions, and Conventional Lag Screws and Wood Screws. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .414 Breaks Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .459 Self-Tapping Screws . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .414 Sections, Revolutions, and Conventional Thread Inserts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .415 Breaks Problems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .460 Self-Clinching Fasteners. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .415 How to Draw Various Types of Screw Chapter 13— Geometric Dimensioning Heads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .416 and Tolerancing 475 Drawing Nuts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .417 Drawing Washers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .418 Learning Objectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .475 Drawing Dowel Pins. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .418 The Engineering Design Application . . . . . . . . . 475 Taper Pins and Other Pins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .418 Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .476 Retaining Rings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .419 GD&T Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .477 Keys, Keyways, and Keyseats. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .419 Datums. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .477 Rivets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .420 Applying Material Condition and Material Designing and Drawing Springs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .421 Boundary Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .492 CADD Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 421 Limits of Size Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .494 Spring Representations and Specifi cations. . . . . . .426 Perfect Form Boundary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .494 Recommended Review. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .428 Applying Regardless of Feature Size and CADD Applications 2-D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 428 Regardless of Material Boundary . . . . . . . . . . . .494 Applying Maximum Material Condition . . . . . . . .496 CADD Applications 3-D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 429 Applying Least Material Condition . . . . . . . . . . . .498 Professional Perspective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 429 Application of RMB on a Primary Datum Math Applications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 431 Feature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .499 Web Site Research . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .431 Application of RMB on a Secondary and Fasteners and Springs Test. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .432 Tertiary Datum Feature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .499 Fasteners and Springs Problems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .432 The Effect of Datum Precedence and Material Condition. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .499 Chapter 12— Sections, Revolutions, Introduction to Geometric Characteristic and Conventional Breaks 439 and Related Symbols. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .501 Form Geometric Tolerances. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .504 Learning Objectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .439 Orientation Geometric Tolerances. . . . . . . . . . . . .507 The Engineering Design Application . . . . . . . . . 439 Applying Profi le Geometric Tolerances . . . . . . . . .532 Introduction to Sectional Views. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .440 Runout Geometric Tolerance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .544 Cutting-Plane Lines and Sectional View Specifying Independency. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .546 Identifi cation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .440 CADD Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 547 Section Lines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .442 CADD Applications 2-D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 548 Full Sections. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .444 Professional Perspective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 553 Half Sections. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .444 Math Applications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 555 Offset Sections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .445 Web Site Research . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .555 Aligned Sections. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .446 Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing Unsectioned Features. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .446 Test. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .556 Intersections in Section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .447 Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing Conventional Revolutions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .447 Problems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .556 Broken-Out Sections. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .448 Auxiliary Sections. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .448 Chapter 14— Pictorial Drawings CADD Applications 2-D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 449 and Technical Illustrations 562 CADD Applications 3-D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 450 Conventional Breaks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .452 Learning Objectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .562 CADD Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 453 The Engineering Design Application . . . . . . . . . 562 Copyright 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. 09574_fm_pi-xxviii.indd vi 4/29/11 3:57 PM CONTENTS vii Introduction to Pictorial Drawing and Chapter 16— Mechanisms: Linkages, Technical Illustration Pictorial Drawings. . . . . .563 Cams, Gears, and Pictorial Drawings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .563 Bearings 678 Isometric Projections and Drawings . . . . . . . . . . .566 Types of Isometric Drawings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .568 Learning Objectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .678 Isometric Construction Techniques. . . . . . . . . . . .568 The Engineering Design Application . . . . . . . . . 678 Dimetric Pictorial Representation . . . . . . . . . . . . .574 Mechanism. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .679 Trimetric Pictorial Representation. . . . . . . . . . . . .574 Linkages. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .679 Exploded Pictorial Drawing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .575 Linkage Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .679 Oblique Drawing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .576 Types of Linkages. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .680 Perspective Drawing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .578 Cam Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .682 Drawing a One-Point Perspective . . . . . . . . . . . . .578 CADD Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 683 Drawing a Two-Point Perspective. . . . . . . . . . . . . .580 Cam Displacement Diagrams. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .684 Drawing a Three-Point Perspective . . . . . . . . . . . .580 Construction of an Inline Follower Plate Drawing Circles and Curves in Perspective. . . . . .582 Cam Profi le. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .687 Using Basic Shading Techniques . . . . . . . . . . . . . .583 Preparing the Formal Plate Cam Drawing. . . . . . .688 Pictorial Drawing Layout Techniques . . . . . . . . . .584 Construction of an Offset Follower Plate CADD Applications 3-D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 585 Cam Profi le. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .688 Professional Perspective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 589 Drum Cam Drawing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .690 Math Applications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 590 CADD Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 691 Web Site Research . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .590 Introduction to Gears. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .691 Pictorial Drawings and Technical Gear Structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .692 Illustrations Test. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .590 Splines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .692 Pictorial Drawings and Technical Illustrations Gear Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .693 Problems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .591 Spur Gear Design. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .696 Drawing Specifi cations and Tolerances . . . . . . . . .696 SECTION 4 Designing and Drawing Spur Gears. . . . . . . . . . . .696 Designing Spur Gear Trains . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .702 Designing and Drawing the Rack WORKING DRAWINGS 595 and Pinion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .703 Designing and Drawing Bevel Gears . . . . . . . . . . .703 Chapter 15—Working Drawings 596 Designing and Drawing Worm Gears. . . . . . . . . . .705 Learning Objectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .596 Plastic Gears. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .706 The Engineering Design Application . . . . . . . . . 596 CADD Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 708 Introduction to Section Four . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .597 Bearings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .709 Introduction to Working Drawings . . . . . . . . . . . .597 Drawing Bearing Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .710 Detail Drawings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .598 Bearing Codes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .710 CADD Applications 2-D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 601 Bearing Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .710 Gear and Bearing Assemblies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .715 CADD Applications 3-D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 601 Assembly Drawings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .603 Professional Perspective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 717 Types of Assembly Drawings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .604 Math Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 718 Identifi cation Numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .607 Web Site Research . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .718 Parts Lists. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .608 Mechanisms: Linkages, Cams, Gears, and Purchase Parts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .612 Bearings Test. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .718 Engineering Changes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .614 Mechanisms: Linkages, Cams, Gears, and Bearings Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .719 CADD Applications 2-D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 614 CADD Applications 3-D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 615 Chapter 17—Belt and Chain Drives 727 Drawing From a Prototype. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .620 Analysis of a Set of Working Drawings . . . . . . . . .620 Learning Objectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .727 CADD Applications 3-D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 627 The Engineering Design Application . . . . . . . . . 727 Professional Perspective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 628 Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .728 Math Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 629 Advantages of Gear Drives. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .728 Web Site Research . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .629 Advantages of Belt Drives. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .728 Working Drawings Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .629 Advantages of Chain Drives. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .728 Working Drawings Problems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .630 Belts and Belt Drives. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .728 Copyright 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. 09574_fm_pi-xxviii.indd vii 4/29/11 3:57 PM viii CONTENTS Belt Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .728 CADD Applications 2-D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 783 Typical Belt Drive Design. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .730 Flanges. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .787 Belt Drive Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .730 Seams and Hems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .788 Chain Drives. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .734 Roll Forming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .788 Chain Drive Sprockets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .734 CADD Applications 3-D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 789 Chain Classifi cation and Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .734 Material Applications in Sheet Metal Drafting. . . .791 Precision Chains. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .734 Precision Sheet Metal Dimensioning Applications. . .792 CADD Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 735 Sheet Metal Punch Applications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .796 Nonprecision Chains . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .736 Professional Perspective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 798 Light-Duty Chain. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .736 Math Applications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 798 Chain Drive Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .737 Web Site Research . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .798 Roller Chain Drive Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .737 Precision Sheet Metal Drafting Test . . . . . . . . . . . .799 Professional Perspective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 741 Precision Sheet Metal Drafting Problems. . . . . . . .799 Math Applications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 741 Web Site Research . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .742 Chapter 20— Electrical and Electronic Belt and Chain Drives Test. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .742 Drafting 809 Belt and Chain Drives Problems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .742 Learning Objectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .809 Chapter 18— Welding Processes The Engineering Design Application . . . . . . . . . 809 and Representations 745 Introduction to Electrical and Electronic Drafting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .810 Learning Objectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .745 Fundamentals of Electrical Diagrams. . . . . . . . . . .811 The Engineering Design Application . . . . . . . . . 745 Generation, Transmission, and Distribution of Electricity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .814 Welding Processes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .746 Electric Power Substation Design Drawings . . . . .814 Elements of Welding Drawings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .748 Residential and Commercial Electrical Plans. . . . .819 Types of Welds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .751 Weld Symbol Leader Arrow Related to Green Technology Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 825 Weld Location . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .755 Professional Perspective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 827 Additional Weld Characteristics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .759 Electronic Drafting. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .827 Welding Tests. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .762 Electronic Diagrams. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .827 Welding Specifi cations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .765 Printed Circuit Technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .838 Prequalifi ed Welded Joints. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .765 Pictorial Drawings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .846 Weld Design. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .765 CADD Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 848 CADD Applications 2-D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 766 Professional Perspective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 850 Professional Perspective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 768 Math Applications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 851 Math Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 768 Web Site Research . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .851 Web Site Research . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .769 Electrical and Electronic Drafting Test. . . . . . . . . .852 Welding Processes and Representations Test. . . . .769 Electrical and Electronic Drafting Problems . . . . .852 Welding Processes and Representations Problems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .769 Chapter 21—Industrial Process Piping 868 Learning Objectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .868 SECTION 5 The Engineering Design Application . . . . . . . . . 868 Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .869 SPECIALTY DRAFTING Where Industrial Piping Is Used . . . . . . . . . . . . . .869 AND DESIGN 775 Pipe Drafting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .870 Pipe Drawings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .872 Chapter 19— Precision Sheet Metal Types of Pipe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .876 Drafting 776 Pipe Sizes and Wall Thickness. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .878 Pipe Connection Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .879 Learning Objectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .776 Pipe Fittings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .881 The Engineering Design Application . . . . . . . . . 776 Flanges. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .885 Introduction to Precision Sheet Metal Drafting. . .776 Valves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .887 Precision Sheet Metal Layout Options. . . . . . . . . .777 Pipe Drafting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .891 Precision Sheet Metal Material Bending. . . . . . . . .782 CADD Applications 2-D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 901 Copyright 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. 09574_fm_pi-xxviii.indd viii 4/29/11 3:57 PM

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