Energy from Waste Energy from Waste Production and Storage Edited by Ram K. Gupta and Tuan Anh Nguyen First edition published 2022 by CRC Press 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300, Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742 and by CRC Press 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 4RN © 2022 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, LLC Reasonable efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the author and publisher cannot assume responsibility for the validity of all materials or the consequences of their use. The authors and publishers have attempted to trace the copyright holders of all material reproduced in this publication and apologize to copyright holders if permission to publish in this form has not been obtained. If any copyright material has not been acknowledged please write and let us know so we may rectify in any future reprint. 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Title: Energy from waste : production and storage / edited by Ram K. Gupta and Tuan Anh Nguyen. Other titles: Energy from waste (CRC Press) Description: First edition. | Boca Raton, FL : CRC Press, 2022. | Includes bibliographical references and index. | Summary: “Conversion of waste into value-added products such as energy transforms a potential environmental problem into a sustainable solution. This book focuses on the conversion of waste from various sources for use in energy production and storage applications. It provides state-of-t he- art methods for developing advanced materials and chemicals for energy applications using waste, and discusses the various treatment processes and technologies. This work provides new direction to scientists, researchers, and students in materials and chemical engineering and related subjects seeking sustainable solutions to energy production and waste management”- Provided by publisher. Identifiers: LCCN 2021047610 (print) | LCCN 2021047611 (ebook) | ISBN 9781032013596 (hbk) | ISBN 9781032013732 (pbk) | ISBN 9781003178354 (ebk) Subjects: LCSH: Waste products as fuel. | Refuse as fuel. | Biomass energy. Classification: LCC TP360 .E568 2022 (print) | LCC TP360 (ebook) | DDC 662/.88—dc23/eng/20211209 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2021047610 LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2021047611 ISBN: 978-1-032-01359-6 (hbk) ISBN: 978-1-032-01373-2 (pbk) ISBN: 978-1-003-17835-4 (ebk) DOI: 10.1201/9781003178354 Typeset in Times by codeMantra Contents Preface.......................................................................................................................ix Editors .......................................................................................................................xi List of Contributors ................................................................................................xiii PART 1 Introduction Chapter 1 Biowastes for Energy: An Introduction ................................................3 Alfred Nkhama, Muhammad Rizwan Sulaiman, Jonghyun Choi, and Ram K. Gupta PART 2 Municipal Waste for Energy Chapter 2 Operational Tools and Techniques for Municipal Solid Waste Management ............................................................................23 Zobaidul Kabir, Mahfuz Kabir, M. Ashiqur Rahman, and Mofijur Rahman Chapter 3 Municipal Waste for Energy Production ............................................37 Mahfuz Kabir and Zobaidul Kabir Chapter 4 A Brief History of Energy Recovery from Municipal Solid Waste ...51 Debra R. Reinhart, Aditi Podder, and Stephanie C. Bolyard Chapter 5 Materials and Energy from Waste Plastics: A Catalytic Approach ...69 Shadab Shahsavari, Gita Bagheri, Zahra Shokri, and Shahin Shahsavari Chapter 6 Elucidating Sustainable Waste Management Approaches along with Waste- to-E nergy Pathways: A Critical Review ................83 Asmita Mishra, Hammad Siddiqi, and B.C. Meikap v vi Contents Chapter 7 Biomass Downdraft Gasifier: State of the Art of Reactor Design .....97 Nathada Ngamsidhiphongsa, Phuet Prasertcharoensuk, Yaneeporn Patcharavorachot, and Amornchai Arpornwichanop Chapter 8 Food-Based Waste for Energy ..........................................................115 Shadab Shahsavari, Zahra Shokri, and Gita Bagheri PART 3 Waste for Biochemicals and Bioenergy Chapter 9 Biowastes for Ethanol Production ....................................................131 Jeffin James Abraham, Christian Randell A. Arro, Ali A. El-Samak, Alaa H. Hawari, and Deepalekshmi Ponnamma Chapter 10 Waste Feedstocks for Biodiesel Production .....................................151 Umer Rashid, Rose Fadzilah Abdullah, Balkis Hazmi, and Wan Nur Aini Wan Mokhtar Chapter 11 Biowaste-Based Microbial Fuel Cells for Bioelectricity Generation ........................................................................................167 Bhim Sen Thapa and T. S. Chandra Chapter 12 Biowaste-Based Microbial Fuel Cells ..............................................181 Nidhi Chauhan, Utkarsh Jain, and Kirti Saxena Chapter 13 Recent Development in Microbial Fuel Cells Using Biowaste ........195 Abhinay Thakur, Shveta Sharma, and Ashish Kumar Chapter 14 Waste-Derived Carbon Materials for Hydrogen Storage .................209 Mohamed Aboughaly and Hossam A. Gabbar Chapter 15 Organic Waste for Hydrogen Production .........................................225 Yassine Slimani and Essia Hannachi Chapter 16 Recycling E-Waste for Hydrogen Energy Production and Replacement as Building Construction Materials ............................239 Ramji Kalidoss, Radhakrishnan Kothalam, and Ganesh Vattikondala Contents vii PART 4 Waste for Advanced Energy Devices Chapter 17 Biowaste-Derived Carbon for Solar Cells ........................................255 Fahmeeda Kausar, Jazib Ali, Ghulam Abbas Ashraf, and Muhammad Bilal Chapter 18 Biowastes for Metal-Ion Batteries ....................................................269 C. Nithya Chapter 19 NaFePO Regenerated from Failed Commercial Li-Ion Batteries 4 for Na-Ion Battery Applications .......................................................283 Dona Susan Baji, Anjali V. Nair, Shantikumar Nair, and Dhamodaran Santhanagopalan Chapter 20 Polymeric Wastes for Metal-Ion Batteries .......................................299 Ranjusha Rajagopalan and Haiyan Wang Chapter 21 Biowaste-Derived Components for Zn–Air Battery ........................313 Yiyang Liu, Tasnim Munshi, Jennifer Hack, Ian Scowen, Paul R. Shearing, Guanjie He, and Dan J. L. Brett Chapter 22 Recycling of Wastes Generated in Automobile Metal–Air Batteries ..........................................................................329 Weng Cheong Tan, Lip Huat Saw, Ming Chian Yew, and Ming Kun Yew Chapter 23 Biowastes for Metal–Sulfur Batteries ..............................................347 Chaofeng Zhang, Quanwei Ma, Longhai Zhang, Rui Wang, Hao Li, Tengfei Zhou, and Changzhou Yuan Chapter 24 High- Performance Supercapacitors Based on Biowastes for Sustainable Future ............................................................................363 Kwadwo Mensah-D arkwa, Stefania Akromah, Benjamin Agyei- Tuffour, David Dodoo-A rhin, Anuj Kumar, and Ram K. Gupta Chapter 25 Hybrid Biowaste Materials for Supercapacitors ...............................383 Prashant Dubey, Ashwinder Kaur, Vishal Shrivastav, Isha Mudahar, Sunita Mishra, and Shashank Sundriyal viii Contents Chapter 26 Polymeric Wastes for Supercapacitors .............................................399 Fabeena Jahan, Deepthi Panoth, Sindhu Thalappan Manikkoth, Kunnambeth M. Thulasi, Anjali Paravannoor, and Baiju Kizhakkekilikoodayil Vijayan Chapter 27 Carbon Nanostructures Derived from Polymeric Wastes for Supercapacitors ................................................................................417 Vanessa Hafemann Fragal, Elisangela Pacheco da Silva, Elizângela Hafemann Fragal, Michelly Cristina Galdioli Pellá, Thiago Sequinel, Rafael Silva, Cristian Tessmer Radmann, Vanessa Bongalhardo Mortola, and Luiz Fernando Gorup Chapter 28 Supercapacitors Based on Waste Generated in Automobiles ...........431 Souhardya Bera and Subhasis Roy Chapter 29 Halogenated Polymeric Wastes for Green Functional Carbon Materials ..............................................................................445 Yingna Chang, Zongge Li, and Guoxin Zhang Chapter 30 Waste Mechanical Energy Harvesting from Vehicles by Smart Materials ...........................................................................................461 Ömer Faruk Ünsal and Ayşe Çelik Bedeloğlu Index ......................................................................................................................473 Preface The development of agriculture, science, and technology plays a major role in raising liv- ing standards; however, rapid urbanization, increasing population, and industrialization also play a significant role in producing a large quantity of wastes globally. Over two bil- lion tons of waste is produced every year, and most of them are dumped untreated, which causes serious environmental and health issues. Waste management is an economic approach that plays a crucial role in preserving the environment and improving living standards. Waste management can be integrated alongside energy-generating technolo- gies as a solution to handling waste as well as producing chemicals and energy. Various methods such as gasification, pyrolysis, anaerobic digestion, fermentation, esterification, and fuel cells can be used to convert waste into chemicals and bioenergy. Various types of energy materials such as syngas, bio-oil, biochar, bioelectricity, biogas, bioethanol, biohydrogen, and biodiesel can be easily generated using wastes. The recent development utilized biowastes for the production of high-performance electrode materials for fuel cells, batteries, and supercapacitors. The main purpose of our book is to provide current state-of-the-art development in the field of waste management, particularly for generating chemicals and energy. Various processes and technologies for converting wastes into energy are covered, which will be attractive to academia as well as industries. Several new approaches for the use of wastes for green energy production and storage are provided. The book cov- ers an introduction, techniques, the importance of waste management for a sustainable future, and the use of waste in producing many chemicals and energy devices. This book provides fundamentals as well as advanced concepts to the readers for developing new ideas and approaches to utilizing wastes for energy applications. Ram K. Gupta, Associate Professor Department of Chemistry Kansas Polymer Research Center Pittsburg State University Pittsburg, Kansas, United States Tuan Anh Nguyen, Professor Institute for Tropical Technology Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology Hanoi, Vietnam ix