ENDODONTIC THERAPY FRANKLIN S. WEINE, BS, DDS, MSD, FACD, FICD Professor Emeritus, Loyola University (Chicago); Formerly Professor and Director, Post-Graduate Endodontics, Loyola University School of Dentistry, Maywood, Illinois; Visiting Professor of Endodontics, Osaka Dental University, Osaka, Japan SIXTH EDITION 0-323-01943-9 Mosby An Affiliate of Elsevier Selected artwork by: Sandy Cello Lang and Don O'Connor Photography by: Oscar Izquierdo and Al Hayashi Mosby An Affiliate of Elsevier 11830 Westline Industrial Drive St. Louis, Missouri 63146 ENDODONTIC THERAPY ISBN 0-323-01943-9 Copyright © 2004, Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Permissions may be sought directly from Elsevier's Health Sciences Rights Department in Philadelphia, PA, USA: phone: (+1) 215 238 7869, fax: (+1) 215 238 2239, e-mail: [email protected]. You may also complete your request on-line via the Elsevier Science homepage (http://www.elsevier.com), by selecting "Customer Support" and then "Obtaining Permissions." NOTICE Dentistry is an ever-changing field. Standard safety precautions must be followed, but as new research and clinical experience broaden our knowledge, changes in treatment and drug therapy may become necessary or appropriate. Readers are advised to check the most current product information provided by the manufacturer of each drug to be administered to verify the recommended dose, the method and duration of administration, and contraindications. It is the responsibility of the licensed prescriber, relying on experience and knowledge of the patient, to determine dosages and the best treatment for each individual patient. Neither the publisher nor the author assumes any liability for any injury and/or damage to persons or property arising from this publication. The Publisher Previous editions copyrighted 1996, 1989, 1982, 1976, 1972 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Weine, Franklin S. Endodontic therapy/Franklin S. Weine.—6th ed. p.; cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-323-01943-9 1. Endodontics. I. Title. [DNLM: 1. Endodontics. WU 230 W423e2004] RK351.W44 2004 617.6'342-dc22 2003059284 Publishing Director: Linda L. Duncan Executive Editor: Penny Rudolph Senior Developmental Editor: Kimberly Alvis Publishing Services Manager: Linda McKinley Designer: Gail Hudson Last digit is the print number: 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Front Matter CONTRIBUTORS JAMES K. BAHCALL, DMD, MS Assistant Professor and Chairman Department of Surgical Sciences, Marquette University Milwaukee, WI MANUEL A. BUSTAMANTE, DDS Private Practice, Endodontics Los Angeles, CA JAMES A. DEWBERRY, Jr, DDS, FACD Private Practice Limited to Endodontics Dallas, TX SERGIO KUTTLER, DDS, FICD Associate Professor and Chairman Department of Endodontics; Associate Director, Postgraduate Endodontics; Director, Advanced Education Programs Nova Southeastern University, College of Dental Medicine Fort Lauderdale, FL CHARLES Q. LEE, DDS, MS Associate Professor Department of Endodontics, University of Missouri, School of Dentistry Kansas City, MO ARTURO VENTURA MORALES, DDS, MS Professor Department of Endodontics, National University Autonomous of Mexico, Dentistry School Mexico City, Mexico JEROME V. PISANO, DDS, MS, FACD, FICD Formerly Clinical Associate Professor Department of Endodontics, Loyola University School of Dentistry Maywood, IL STEVEN R. POTASHNICK, DDS, FACD Private Practice, Prothodontics Chicago, IL JAMES B. SATOVSKY, DDS Private Practice, Endodontics Hollywood, FL SHERWIN STRAUSS, DDS Private Practice, Dentistry Chicago, IL CHRISTOPHER S. WENCKUS, DDS, FICD Associate Professor and Head Department of Endodontics, University of Illinois at Chicago, College of Dentistry Chicago, IL JEFFREY L. WINGO, RPh, DDS