THE ENCYCLOPEDIA OFY OGA AND TANTRA THE ENCYCLOPEDIA OF Yoaa ndT antra g GeorFge uerstein SttAMBHALA Bost&o Lno ndon 2011 SHAMBHALPAU BLICATIOINNSC,. HorticHualltlu ral 30M0a ssachAuvseentutes BostMoans,s ach0u21s51e tts www .shambhala.com © 19972,01 b1y G eorg Feuerstein Reviasneeddx paneddeidto ifo n ThSeh ambhEanlcay cloopfYe odg,ia a previpouubslliyis n1h 99e7d. Alrli grhetsse rvNeopd a.r tt hobifos o mka yb e reprodiunac nefoydr mo rb ya nmye anesl,e ctronic orm echaniinccallup,dh iontgo corpeyicnogr,od rbi yn g, aniyn formasttiooranan grdee trsiyesvtawelim t,h out permisisnwi rointfr ionmtg h peu blisher. 9 8 6 75 4 3 2 Prtienidnt hUen tieSdt aotfAe mse rica @ Thiesd itiipsor ni notnae cdi d-freteh ampetae pttehsre AmeriNcaatni oStnaanld IanrsdtsZi 3t9u.tS4et8 a ndard. 0 Thibso owka psr iendo tn3 0%p ostconrseucmyepcral peedr . Fomro rien formaptlieovanis swwewi t. shambhala.com. Distriibntu htUeen di tSetdab tyeR sa ndoHmo usIen,c ., anidn C anabdyRa a ndHoomu soefC anaLdtad DesigbnySe tde Dvyee r LibroafCr oyn grCeastosag linPgu-bilni-cDaattiao n FeuerGsetoerign., Thee ncycloofp eydaoingatda a nItG reao rFge uersteainned.x -pRaenved.de .d p.c m. "Reviasneeddx paneddeidto ifTo hnSe hambhEanlcay cloofpY eodgia,a previpouubslliyis n1h 99e7d. " Inclbuidbelsi ogrreeafrpehnicceasl. ISB9N7 -8-150930-8(7h9da-cr0o :va elrpka.p er) I.Y oag-DictionITa.ir tilees.. BLl238.52201.1F 47 18'1. 4503-dc22 2010032703 Contents Preftaotc hReee viEsdeidt iovnu Preftaotc hFeei rEsdti ti· oinx NotoenT ransliatnePdrr aotniuonnc iaxitiiio n Introducxtvi on · GeneOrraile nt·a txxv ion THEE NCYCLOPEDIYAO GOAAF N DT ANTRA• Bibliogr4a3p3h y · IllusCtrreadtiit4o3sn9 · v Preftaotc heRe e viEsdeidt ion A BOOKR EVISIOsNo metiamffeosrt dhsae u thaonro pportutnori et­y visihoiwnso rkwh,i cfho rtunhaatbsee letynh cea shee rAep.a rfrto m correcftliainwngts h fier setd itoifto hnie sn cycloapnedud pidaa ting ore xpandeixnigs etnitnrgI ih easv,ae d deodv efirv ehu ndrneedwe ntrtioe s makteh riesf erweonrcke msotriuels le fMuyle .x tencsoivveer oafmg aet erial onT antwrhai,ci hsn owadawyisl dployp ulbaurat l swoi ldmliys understood, warranatn eedwb ootki tElnecy:c loopfYe odgaiana Td a ntra. Botmhy p ubliasnhdea rn umbeorfr eadhearvsme o,r eovweorn,d ered whyI d idn oti nclujdues tiffaimaobulsYy o gmaa stesrusca hs B .K .S . IyenograS rw amSia tyaniannt dhafie r setd itoifot nh ibso okM.y r eason foro mitttihnegwm a st hatth ewye rleu cksitliayll lia vnedt hatth eiinrc lu­ siowno ulhda voep entehdde o oforr o thepre,r halpesbs osn fiad ep erson­ alitsiteiaslm lo nugs W.i tht hirse vivseerds iIho anv,de i scamrydi endi tial misgivainndig nsc lutdheods e wwhheot,h deera odr a livhea,vb ee en influehnitsitaolr oirch aalvlseyi gnificcaonnttlryi beuittehtdeoH r i ndu Yoga/Tapnrtarcat( iscueca hsS hrAin andamuTrhteioB,se rnaPradu,l BruntTo.nK ,.V .D esikaBc.hK a.Sr .I, y engPaart,t aJbohiis , SSawtaymai­ nandeat,c o.rt) o r eseaorncH hi ndYuo ga/Ta(nsturacashS .C .B anerjee, R.S .B hattachSa.Nr .Dy aas,g upMtiar,c Eelai aJd.We .,H aueSri,Jr o hn WoodroHf.fZ ei,m meert,c W.i)t.h itnh sep ecciofimcp aosfts h irse vision, Ih avbee eanb lteoi ncloundleay r elatsimvaeallslys ortomfen natm eIs . makneo a polfoogtryh fea ctth amty s elecitsoi fno enc esbsaistoeynd s ome­ whastu bjeccrtiitvee ria. Anothneerwf eatiustr heie n cluosfim oann yn umergirco upisnugcashs, ashtadasahnadp- asnicdad-hwkahl iecishsah par,o minaesnpte ocfHt i n­ duism. Ih avsep arneode fforttom akteh itsh meo suts efualn dc omprehensive referweonrcfoker t hgee nerreaald Ieo rw.et hantkoSs h ambhPaulbal ica­ tioinnsp ,a rtiPceutlTeaurrr nfeorgr,e neroouffselryim netg h oep portunity tou nderttahkirese visIia olnsw.oi sthoe xtemnydt hantkoCs h loFeo ster andJ ameRsu dnicwkhaosg ,u idtehdib so otkh routghhee d itoprrioacle ss, andt om yc opyedKietnozrGi reu bifotrzi ,r onionugti nconsisAt encies. VII PREFATCOET HER EVIDS EEDITION hearttfhealnytko ua lstooS wamBih arfoarth ii rse ahdeyl wpi tsho mdei ffi­ cult-to-iplrloucsutrreIa t triutoshntasm t.y e fforwtislb ler ewarbdyea dn improved upnudbelrisct aonfId niidnag't swi n spirituoaflY ogtar aditions andT antra. GeoFregu erstein 2010 viii Preftaotc heFe i rEsdti tion Y OGA ISA N IMMENSELYr icahn dh ighcloym plsepxi rittruaadli tion, witahh isttohraiytsn owt hougthoet x teonvdea rtl eafisvtme i llen­ niaI.tc ompriasg ersem aatn ya pproacshcehso,ot lesa,c hteerxst,s , practaincdte esc,h nvioccaalb ulIanvr iieeowsfi . t ssh eveerr saatnidlp irtoy­ tracted Yhoigsmatu osrbtye c, o untaesd twhoer lfodr'esm otsrta diotfi on psychosptirraintsufoarlm aDteisopnit.th een umerobuoso kasv ailoanb le Yoga, fwevr eerfyl ect that astOovuetnrhd yeie nagIr h sra,iv ecenh dneeasvs­. oretdoc onvseoym oef t hsep lenadnodsr u btloeftt hideei sv eyrosgepi act hs inm yv arious publications. Thep reseenncty cloipsae ndoitahe effro rttog ivaena uthepnotritcr ayal oft hYeo gtar adiatnidto oun n loictwkse alatnhdp erhasposmo ef i tsse crets forW esteprrna ctithiiosnteorrosif,ra enlsi gainodIn n,d oloTghiesrtaesr .e sevedriaclt ioonfaY roigieanse xistbeunttch ee,as reee i ther too obscure and notr eadily aovri anialdaebqlauena dut ner eliIanbt lheefo.r mecra tegory belontghseY ogKao fcao,m piblyeSd w amDii gambaanrdjD ir .M ahajot Saha(iL onaPvoloan,Ia n,d iKaa:i valyaSd.hM a.Ym .aM .S ami1t9i7,2 ). While ctohmipsi lactoinotnam iannsyv aluaabnldde e tairleefde reintcse s, scoipsel imiatneddi ,to sr ganiziasst uictohhn a otn lSya nskrciatanic sctess s ita ndb enefrfiotm i tA.n othneort ewoprutbhlyi ciastD iroR.na mK umar RaiE'nsc ycloofYp oegd(aVira aa naIsnid,iP ar:a chPyraa kas1h9a7n5,L) i.k e thYe ogKao ftah,ic so mpilaltiistothnese n triinSe asn skrit alphabetical order andi st herefore relativteotl hyle a riyen aadcAeclres.sto sh,sie eb lleec otfi on conceipsrt ast her uannedtv hedene scripatrioeoc ncsa siodniaglrleys sive. Neitdhierc tiocnoanrtyaE inngsl einsthr oirec sr oss-refeArmeonnctgeh se. populdairc tionmaerniteimsou,ns bte m adoef E rneWsoto d'Yso gWai sdom (NewY orkP:h ilosoLpihbircaa1rl9y 7,0T )h.ib so ohka so nlsyo met hree hundreendt rwiheisc,ah rn eo atl waaycsc urSaltieg.bh itglgybe urst u ffering frotmh sea mseh ortcomiisHn agrsv Deayy 'Yso gIal lusDtircattieodn ary (LondKoany:&e W ard1,9 71). Thei deoafp repaarnie nngc ycloopfYe odgiaa wtohualtcd o mbicnoem ­ prehensiwvietnahec scse ssiobcicluirttroyem de i nt hee ar1l9y8 0Asft.e r plafonrsa large-wsocrafakli el etdom ateriaa lsiozmee,w haabtb reviated IX PREFATCOET HEF RISTE DITION verswiaosin s suuendd etrht ei tElnec yclDoipcetdioiofcYn oag(ryaN e Ywo rk: ParagHoonu s1e9,9 0w)h,i crhe ceitvheOedu tstanAdciandge mBioco okf thYee aarw arfodr1 99fr1o mC hoiapc ueb,l icfoartl iiobnr arWihaennts h.e firsetd ithiaodbn e esno lodu tS,h ambhPaulbal icattomi yod nesl,i ogfh­t, ferteodr eismsyuw eo rikn t hper estehnotr ourgehvliyas nedgd r eaetxl­y pandfoerdm T.h inse we ditiisaog nr atirfyeianlgi zoafmt yio orni ggionaalls ofc omprehensainvdae cnceessss ibility. Thiesn cyclonpoewdc ioam,p riwseilnolgv etrw ot houseanntdr iisae rs­, rangaenddw rititnes nu cahw ayt hadte,s ptihtweee alotfdh e tgaiivle int, wililn forramt htehra onv erwhtehllema rye adwehri,la tet hsea mtei me providing rveafleuraefobnrltc ehep esr ofessYioogrnaea sle aracnhdhe irs to­ riaonfr eligWihoinlt.eh icso mpilactaiunos ne fublelc yo nsuilntc eodn junc­ tiowni tthh tee chndiiccatli omneanrtiieosan beodvs ee,v eurnailq fueea tures makieat n e ncyclorpaetdhtiehara a nm ergel ossoardr iyc tioFniarresyat.c, h entirscy a refudlelfiyn aendd c ross-ref(earse nicnedbdiy ac satteerdbi es­ks forew ordtsh aatp peaasrs epareantter iaelsl)o,wt ihnreg e adteofor l low perticnoenncte ptualS elcionnkndau,gm ebaseo .rf o rientaetnitorfunirae­ls nisthh ree adweirt ohv ervioeftw hsme o ssti gnifiacsapnetoc ftt sh Yeo ga tradistuicoahnsi , t hsi stoprsyy,ch oolromg ayj,ob rr ancThheisr.td h,ee n ­ triaersae l ilnE nglailsphh abeotridceaarnl dm ,o reovienrc,l kuedwyeo rds inE ngliwsihtr,he feretnotc heesSi arn skrit eoqruo itvhaerlree lnetvsa nt Sanskrit conceptesn.t rcFiiientosaer el, vl eyqn,u omttaehn,mey o sitm por­ tanotr iginal sourecmepsh,a stithzheivern iegtb ayol fiY toyg as'csr iptural legaacnydi ,ti sh opeidn,s pitrhirene ga dteoer x amitnheoe r igimnoarles closely. Atlhtieosng ceytchleorip,sie ndtiean tdoep dr oviads ee lecbtuitv e represenrtaantgoiefc v oen cepts stuogffi icvaienea nutt horictoavteirvaeg e oft hem anya speocftY so gtah eoarnydp ractaincdte o p rovivdael uable guidelfoirfun retsh setru odryr esearch. Iw oulldi kteoe xprmeysh se arttfhealnttko as l tlh omsaen yf riecnodls­, leaguaensdc, o rrespownhdoeo nvtetsrh yee ahrasv fuer themryei dn terest inY ogaan ds pirittruaadli tiingo ennse rIah la.va el renaadmye mdo sotf theimn m yp reviboouoskH se.r Ies pecifiwciastlholt yh anPkr ofeSsusbo­r hasKha ka ndD aviFdr awlfoeryp rovidtihnsegt imufolrum sy c omplete reapproafia snacli eInntd ihains t(oarnytd h uasl stoh eea rlhiiessttoo fr y Yogaa)n df ocro authowriitmnheg I nS earocfth hC er adolfCe i vilization; DaviDdy kstforrla a boroinna gm ultimevdeiraso ifot nh iesn cyclopedia; MatthGerwe enbolfIa nttnD eirr ecmtaigoanzaisnn dem ys wamfrii enodfs HinduTiosdmma ayg azfoirnk ei ndplryo vidmienw gi tphh otograanpdh s illusttraoct hiooofrnsosem ;Y ogacaBr.Ky .Sa . I yenfograh ri lso vimnogr al suppoarntdt huen expegcitoftef ad s tatoufPe a tanKjeanldir;a Crossen and Larry Hamfobret rhleeiindr i tolraibaoolrfl ove; Samuelfo rh Biesr cholz x PREFATCOET HEF RISTE DITION visiaosan p ublisEhveesrri. n mcyefi rsetn counwtiettrhh weo rlodfY oga onm yt hirtebeinrtthhY doagyha,a csl aimmeyad t tenatgiaoainnn d a gain, botphe rsonaanldpl ryo fessiIoa nmga rlelayit.n ldye bttote hdme a steorfs anciaenndmt o dertni mewsh,oh avtea ugmhetm ucthh roughw rtihteiinrg s. Il ikteot hionfkt hiesn cycloapsae t doikaeo nfm yd eeapp preciation and gratiatnudda esa, c ontribtuokt eieopni tnhgte r adiotfia ount heYnotgiac alive. GeoFregu erstein 1997 xi