ENCYCLOPEDIA OF PRODUCTION AND MANUFACTURING MANAGEMENT ENCYCLOPEDIA OF PRODUCTION AND MANUFACTURING MANAGEMENT Editor: Paul M. Swamidass, Auburn University THE ADVISORY BOARD Black, J.T. Sprague, Linda Auburn University, USA University of New Hampshire, and Cranfield University, UK Cheng, Edwin Honk Kong Polytechnic University, HK Starr, Martin Rollins College, Florida, USA Cox, Jim University of Georgia, USA Sum, Chee-Chuong National University of Singapore Fitzsimmons, James University of Texas - Austin, USA Suri, Raj an University of Wisconsin - Madison, USA Gerwin, Don Carleton University, Canada Van Wassenhove, Luk N. INSEAD, France Krajewski, LeRoy J. University of Notre Dame, USA Voss, Chris London School of Business, UK Samson, Danny University of Melbourne, Australia Whybark, Clay Schroeder, Roger University of North Carolina - Chapel Hill, University of Minnesota - Minneapolis, USA USA ENCYCLOPEDIA OF PRODUCTION AND MANUFACTURING MANAGEMENT Editor Paul M. Swamidass Professor of Operations Management College of Business Auburn University Auburn, AL 36849 and Associate Director Thomas Walter Center for Technology Management Tiger Drive, Rm. 104 Auburn University Auburn, AL 36849-5358 Kluwer Academic Publishers Boston/Dordrecht/London Distributors for North, Central and South America: Kluwer Academic Publishers 101 Philip Drive Assinippi Park Norwell, Massachusetts 02061 USA Telephone (781) 871-6600 Fax (781) 871-6528 E-Mail <[email protected]> Distributors for all other countries: Kluwer Academic Publishers Group Distribution Centre Post Office Box 322 3300 AH Dordrecht, THE NETHERLANDS Telephone 31 78 6392 392 Fax 31 78 6546 474 E-Mail <[email protected]> Electronic Services <http://www.wkap.nl> Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Encyclopedia of production and manufacturing management / editor, Paul M. Swamidass. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-7923-8630-2 (alk. paper) 1. Production management - Encyclopedias. I. Swamidass, Paul. M. TS9.E53 2000 658.5'03 21 - dc21 99-044533 Copyright © 2000 by Kluwer Academic Publishers All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher, Kluwer Academic Publishers, 101 Philip Drive, Assinippi Park, Norwell, Massachusetts 02061 Printed on acid-free paper. Printed in the United States of America To my parents: Jacob M. and Gnanam Swamidass Table of Contents Alphabetical list of major articles xxxiii List of authors, contributors and reviewers xxxvii Manufacturers and organizations discussed in the encyclopedia xxxix Foreword xlix Preface li 1 3 "R"s 1 8-4-8-4 scheme 1 ABC 1 ABC analysis or ABC classification Absorption costing 2 Absorption costing model 2 Acceptable quality 2 Acceptance sampling 2 Accounting system implications of TOC 3 Action bucket 9 Action flexibility 9 Activity driver 9 Activity on arrow network (AOA) 10 Activity on node network (AON) 10 Activity-based cost management 10 Activity-based costing 10 Activity-based costing in manufacturing 19 Activity-based costing: An evaluation 19 Activity-based management 23 Ad-hoc teams 24 Adaptation flexibility 24 Adaptive control 24 Adaptive exponential smoothing 24 Adaptive Kanban control 24 Advanced cost management system (ACMS) 24 Advanced manufacturing technologies (AMT) 25 Adversarial buyer-supplier relationship 25 Aggregate demand 25 Aggregate plan and master production schedule linkage 25 Aggregate planning 30 viii Table of contents Agile logistics (Enterprise logistics) 31 Agile manufacturing 36 Agility change domains 43 Agility proficiency metrics 43 AGV 43 All or none sampling 43 Alliance management 43 Allocation and availability checking 44 American production and inventory control society (APICS 44 American society for quality 45 AMRF 45 AMRI 45 Andon 45 Anticipated build schedule 45 AOQ 45 AOQL 45 APICS 45 Appraisal costs 45 AQL 46 Artificial intelligence (AI) 46 ASQ 46 ASQC 46 Assemble-to-order production 46 Assembly line balance 46 Assembly line design 46 Assembly structure 50 Assignable causes of variations 50 Asynchronous systems 50 ATP 50 Automated manufacturing system 50 Automated transfer lines 51 Automotive industry action group (AIAG) 51 Autonomation 51 Autonomous project organization 52 Autonomous structure for design 52 Autonomous work teams 52 Available-to-promise (ATP) 53 Average inventory 53 53 Average job lateness 53 Average lateness 55 Back flushing 55 Back scheduling 55 Back-end activities 55 Backflow Backward integration 55 Backward scheduling 56 Table of contents ix Balanced scorecard 56 Balancing the lean manufacturing system 59 Baldridge award 59 Band width 59 Base Kanbans 60 Base value 60 Batch production 60 Batch size 60 Bench model 61 Benchmarking 61 Bias in forecasting 61 Bidding protocol 62 Bill of labor 62 Bill of materials 62 Bill of materials co-efficient 63 Bill of materials, indented 63 Bill of materials structure 63 Blocked or starved machine 63 Blocking 64 Bottleneck resource 64 Bottom-up replanning 64 Box-Jenkins methodology 64 Break point 64 Break-even analysis 64 Break-even point 65 Bucketless material requirements 65 Bucketless systems 65 Buffer stock 65 Built-to-order 66 Bulk exchange of tools 66 Bulk-breaking 66 The Bullwhip effect in supply chain managemen 66 Burden rate 70 Bus modularity 70 Business process reengineering (BPR) 71 CAD 73 Calendar file 73 CALS 73 CAM 73 CAM-I 73 Campaign cycle length 73 Capacitated facility location decision 74 Capacity 74 Capacity available 74 Capacity bills (CB) method 74 Capacity installed 74