NUTRITION AND DIET RESEARCH PROGRESS E NCYCLOPEDIA OF NUTRITION RESEARCH No part of this digital document may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means. The publisher has taken reasonable care in the preparation of this digital document, but makes no expressed or implied warranty of any kind and assumes no responsibility for any errors or omissions. No liability is assumed for incidental or consequential damages in connection with or arising out of information contained herein. This digital document is sold with the clear understanding that the publisher is not engaged in rendering legal, medical or any other professional services. N D R P UTRITION AND IET ESEARCH ROGRESS Additional books in this series can be found on Nova‘s website under the Series tab. Additional E-books in this series can be found on Nova‘s website under the E-books tab. NUTRITION AND DIET RESEARCH PROGRESS E NCYCLOPEDIA OF NUTRITION RESEARCH GEORGE T. HARDY EDITOR Nova Science Publishers, Inc. New York Copyright © 2011 by Nova Science Publishers, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means: electronic, electrostatic, magnetic, tape, mechanical photocopying, recording or otherwise without the written permission of the Publisher. For permission to use material from this book please contact us: Telephone 631-231-7269; Fax 631-231-8175 Web Site: http://www.novapublishers.com NOTICE TO THE READER The Publisher has taken reasonable care in the preparation of this book, but makes no expressed or implied warranty of any kind and assumes no responsibility for any errors or omissions. No liability is assumed for incidental or consequential damages in connection with or arising out of information contained in this book. The Publisher shall not be liable for any special, consequential, or exemplary damages resulting, in whole or in part, from the readers‘ use of, or reliance upon, this material. Any parts of this book based on government reports are so indicated and copyright is claimed for those parts to the extent applicable to compilations of such works. Independent verification should be sought for any data, advice or recommendations contained in this book. In addition, no responsibility is assumed by the publisher for any injury and/or damage to persons or property arising from any methods, products, instructions, ideas or otherwise contained in this publication. This publication is designed to provide accurate and authoritative information with regard to the subject matter covered herein. It is sold with the clear understanding that the Publisher is not engaged in rendering legal or any other professional services. If legal or any other expert assistance is required, the services of a competent person should be sought. FROM A DECLARATION OF PARTICIPANTS JOINTLY ADOPTED BY A COMMITTEE OF THE AMERICAN BAR ASSOCIATION AND A COMMITTEE OF PUBLISHERS. Additional color graphics may be available in the e-book version of this book. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Encyclopedia of nutrition research / editor, George T. Hardy. p. ; cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN: (cid:28)(cid:26)(cid:27)(cid:16)(cid:20)(cid:16)(cid:25)(cid:21)(cid:23)(cid:20)(cid:26)(cid:16)(cid:23)(cid:28)(cid:21)(cid:16)(cid:25) (eBook) 1. Nutrition--Encyclopedias. 2. Nutrition disorders--Encyclopedias. I. Hardy, George T. [DNLM: 1. Nutritional Physiological Phenomena--physiology. 2. Diabetes Mellitus--prevention & control. 3. Neuropeptides--physiology. 4. Nutrition Disorders. 5. Nutrition Therapy. 6. Peptide Hormones-- physiology. QU 145] QP141.E53 2011 612.303--dc22 2011007738 Published by Nova Science Publishers, Inc. †New York CONTENTS Preface ix Chapter 1 Ghrelin: A Peptide Involved in the Control of Appetite 1 Carine De Vriese, Jason Perret and Christine Delporte Chapter 2 Appetite Control- The Role of Central and Gut Neuropeptides 49 Sarika Arora Chapter 3 Central Inhibitory Mechanisms Controlling Water and Sodium Intake 107 José Vanderlei Menani, Laurival Antonio De Luca Jr, Patrícia Maria de Paula, Carina Aparecida Fabrício de Andrade, Lisandra Brandino de Oliveir and Daniela Catelan Ferreira daSilva Chapter 4 Cachexia: Disruption in Appetite Regulation in Need of a Successful Intervention 137 Mark D. DeBoer Chapter 5 Clinical Holistic Medicine: A Sexological Approach to Eating Disorders 155 Søren Ventegodt, Katja Braga, Isack Kandel and Joav Merrick Chapter 6 Making Sense of what Is Healthy for You: Children’s and Adults’ Evaluative Categories of Food 175 Simone P. Nguyen and Mary Beth McCullough Chapter 7 The Validity of Nutritional Assessment: Current Status 189 Christopher N. Ochner, Eva M. Conceição and Olga Gorlova Chapter 8 Methodological Research Concerning the Accuracy of Children’s Dietary Recalls 197 Suzanne Domel Baxter, Caroline H. Guinn, James W. Hardin, Julie A. Royer and Dawn K. Wilson Chapter 9 Contemporary Assessment of Child Dietary Intake in the Context of the Obesity Epidemic 259 Anthea M. Magarey, Annabelle M. Wilson and Emma Goodwin vi Contents Chapter 10 The Use of Composite Scores to Assess Adherence to Dietary Patterns: The Mediterranean Diet Case 285 Angeliki Papadaki and Manolis Linardakis Chapter 11 Estimation of Dietary Intakes by Digital Images: Potential and Limitation 355 Da-Hong Wang, Michiko Kogashiwa and Keiki Ogino Chapter 12 Nutrition and Diabetes Mellitus Type 1: A Brief Overview 361 Abdullah Al-Abdulhadi and Rossana Salerno-Kennedy Chapter 13 Diabetes Mellitus Type 1 and Eating Disorders: A Brief Overview 371 Steven Laragh and Rossana Salerno-Kennedy Chapter 14 Use of Mid-Upper Arm Circumference as a Measure of Nutritional Status and its Relationship with Self Reported Morbidity among Adult Bengalee Male Slum Dwellers of Kolkata, India 377 Raja Chakraborty, Kaushik Bose and Samiran Bisai Chapter 15 Food Safety of Products of Vegetable Origin 387 Adriano G. da Cruz, Eduardo H. de M. Walter, Anderson de S. Sant´ana, Luz Maria Paucar-Menacho, Verônica O. Alvarenga, Jose A. F. Faria and Maria Cristina Antun Maia Chapter 16 Dietary Intake Of Potentially Toxic Elements From Vegetables 419 M. Azizur Rahman, M. Mahfuzur Rahman, Ismail M. M. Rahman and H. Hasegawa Chapter 17 Determinants of Vegetable and Fruit Consumption among Mexican Children and Their Parents 445 Ana Bertha Pérez-Lizaur, Martha Kaufer-Horwitz, Maite Plazas, Magdalena Vázquez and Mónica Pérez Lizaur Chapter 18 Vegetable Intake as a Preventive Measure Against Type 2 Diabetes and Cancer 465 Nurgul Fitzgerald and Niyati Parekh Chapter 19 Elder Fruit Juices: Properties, Consumption, and Nutrition 485 J.E. Vlachojannis, A. Schieber and S. Chrubasik Chapter 20 Loquat 499 Shunquan Lin Chapter 21 Plant Vitamin Antioxidants and Their Influence on the Human Diet 511 José M. Palma, Francisco J. Corpas and Luis A. del Río Contents vii Chapter 22 Kids Choice Program Improves Two Weight Management Behaviors in School Children 523 Helen M. Hendy, Keith E. Williams, Thomas S. Camise, Deirdre Rahn, Courtney Costigan, Scott Gaskins and Christina Moyer Chapter 23 Fruit and Vegetable Consumption among Mid-Age and Older Women in Australia 533 Zumin Shi and Julie Byles Chapter 24 A Qualitative Comparison of Fruit and Vegetable Concepts and Knowledge between Preschoolers and Their Primary Care Providers and Childcare Providers 553 Sheila Fleischhacker, Katherine Cason and Cheryl Achterberg Index 571