NEUROSCIENCE RESEARCH PROGRESS E NCYCLOPEDIA OF N R EUROSCIENCE ESEARCH No part of this digital document may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means. The publisher has taken reasonable care in the preparation of this digital document, but makes no expressed or implied warranty of any kind and assumes no responsibility for any errors or omissions. No liability is assumed for incidental or consequential damages in connection with or arising out of information contained herein. This digital document is sold with the clear understanding that the publisher is not engaged in rendering legal, medical or any other professional services. N R P EUROSCIENCE ESEARCH ROGRESS Additional books in this series can be found on Nova‘s website under the Series tab. Additional e-books in this series can be found on Nova‘s website under the e-books tab. NEUROSCIENCE RESEARCH PROGRESS E NCYCLOPEDIA OF N R EUROSCIENCE ESEARCH EILEEN J. SAMPSON AND DONALD R. GLEVINS EDITORS Nova Science Publishers, Inc. New York Copyright © 2012 by Nova Science Publishers, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means: electronic, electrostatic, magnetic, tape, mechanical photocopying, recording or otherwise without the written permission of the Publisher. For permission to use material from this book please contact us: Telephone 631-231-7269; Fax 631-231-8175 Web Site: http://www.novapublishers.com NOTICE TO THE READER The Publisher has taken reasonable care in the preparation of this book, but makes no expressed or implied warranty of any kind and assumes no responsibility for any errors or omissions. No liability is assumed for incidental or consequential damages in connection with or arising out of information contained in this book. 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If legal or any other expert assistance is required, the services of a competent person should be sought. FROM A DECLARATION OF PARTICIPANTS JOINTLY ADOPTED BY A COMMITTEE OF THE AMERICAN BAR ASSOCIATION AND A COMMITTEE OF PUBLISHERS. Additional color graphics may be available in the e-book version of this book. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Encyclopedia of neuroscience research / editors, Eileen J. Sampson and Donald R. Glevins. p. cm. Includes index. ISBN: (cid:28)(cid:26)(cid:27)(cid:16)(cid:20)(cid:16)(cid:25)(cid:20)(cid:22)(cid:21)(cid:23)(cid:16)(cid:27)(cid:27)(cid:21)(cid:16)(cid:28) (eBook) 1. Neurosciences--Research. I. Sampson, Eileen J. II. Glevins, Donald R. RC337.E53 2011 616.80072--dc23 2011017613 Published by Nova Science Publishers, Inc. † New York Contents VOLUME 1 Preface ix Chapter I Prefrontal Morphology, Neurobiology and Clinical Manifestations of Schizophrenia 1 Tomáš Kašpárek Chapter II Prefrontal Cholinergic Receptors: Their Role in the Pathology of Schizophrenia 47 M. Udawela, E. Scarr and B. Dean Chapter III Participation of the Prefrontal Cortex in the Processing of Sexual and Maternal Incentives 73 Marisela Hernández González and Miguel Angel Guevara Chapter IV From Conflict to Problem Solution: The Role of the Medial Prefrontal Cortex in the Learning of Memory-Guided and Context-Adequate Behavioral Strategies for Problem-Solving in Gerbils 115 Holger Stark Chapter V The Orbitofrontal Cortex and Emotional Decision-Making: The Neglected Role of Anxiety 141 Sabine Windmann and Martina Kirsch Chapter VI PEEF: Premotor Ear-Eye Field. A New Vista of Area 8B 153 Bon Leopoldo, Marco Lanzilotto and Cristina Lucchetti Chapter VII Prefrontal Cortex: Its Roles in Cognitive Impairment in Parkinson‘s Disease Revealed by PET 171 Qing Wangab, Kelly A. Newella, Peter T. H. Wongd and Ying Luc vi Contents Chapter VIII Noradrenergic Actions in Prefrontal Cortex: Relevance to AD/HD 177 Amy F. T. Arnsten Chapter IX Prefrontal Cortex: Brodmann and Cajal Revisited 199 Guy N. Elston and Laurence J. Garey Chapter X Developmental Characteristics in Category Generation Reflects Differential Prefrontal Cortex Maturation 215 Julio Cesar Flores Lázaro and Feggy Ostrosky-Solís1 Chapter XI Common Questions and Answers to Deep Brain Stimulation Surgery 227 Fernando Seijo, Marco Alvarez-Vega1, Beatriz Lozano, Fernando Fernández-González, Elena Santamarta and Antonio Saíz Chapter XII Deep Brain Stimulation and Cortical Stimulation Methods: A Commentary on Established Applications and Expected Developments 255 Damianos E. Sakas and Ioannis G. Panourias Chapter XIII Cortical Stimulation versus Deep Brain Stimulation in Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders: Current State and Future Prospects 271 Damianos E. Sakas and Ioannis G. Panourias Chapter XIV Invasive Cortical Stimulation for Parkinson‘s Disease and Movement Disorders 303 B. Cioni, A. R. Bentivoglio, C. De Simone, A. Fasano, C. Piano, D. Policicchio, V. Perotti and M. Meglio Chapter XV Deep Brain Stimulation in Epilepsy: Experimental and Clinical Data 319 M. Langlois, S. Saillet, B. Feddersen, L. Minotti, L. Vercueil , S Chabardès, O. David, A. Depaulis P. Kahane and C. Deransart Chapter XVI Psychosurgery of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: A New Indication for Deep Brain Stimulation? 339 Dominique Guehl, Abdelhamid Benazzouz, Bernard Bioulac and Pierre Burbaud,Emmanuel Cuny and Alain Rougier, Jean Tignol and Bruno Aouizerate Chapter XVII Deep Brain Stimulation in Adult and Pediatric Dystonia 353 Laura Cif, Simone Hemm, Nathalie Vayssiere and Philippe Coubes Contents vii VOLUME 2 Chapter XVIII Deep Brain Stimulation of the Subthalamus: Neuropsychological Effects 365 Rita Moretti, Paola Torre, Rodolfo M. Antonello and Antonio Bava1 Chapter XIX Subthalamic High-Frequency Deep Brain Stimulation Evaluated by Positron Emission Tomography in a Porcine Parkinson Model 381 Mette S. Nielsen, Flemming Andersen, Paul Cumming, Arne Møller, Albert Gjedde, Jens. C. Sørensen and Carsten R. Bjarkam1 Chapter XX Current and Future Perspectives on Vagus Nerve Stimulation in Treatment-Resistant Depression 395 Bernardo Dell‟Osso, Giulia Camuri, Lucio Oldani and A. Carlo Altamura Chapter XXI Cognitive Aspects in Idiopathic Epilepsy 407 Sherifa A. Hamed Chapter XXII Cognitive Impairment in Children with ADHD: Developing a Novel Standardised Single Case Design Approach to Assessing Stimulant Medication Response 443 Catherine Mollica, Paul Maruff and Alasdair Vance Chapter XXIII Novel Therapies for Alzheimer's Disease: Potentially Disease Modifying Drugs 475 Daniela Galimberti, Chiara Fenoglio and Elio Scarpini Chapter XXIV Cognitive Interventions to Improve Prefrontal Functions 499 Yoshiyuki Tachibana, Yuko Akitsuki and Ryuta Kawashima Chapter XXV Insights from Proteomics into Mild Cognitive Impairment, Likely the Earliest Stage of Alzheimer‘s Disease 521 Renã A. Sowell and D. Allan Butterfield Chapter XXVI Animal Models for Cerebrovascular Impairment and its Relevance in Vascular Dementia 541 Veronica Lifshitz and Dan Frenkel Chapter XXVII The Critical Role of Cognitive Function in the Effective Self-administration of Inhaler Therapy 561 S. C. Allen Chapter XXVIII Foetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders: The 21st Century Intellectual Disability 573 Teresa Whitehurst vi Contents ii Chapter XXIX Where There are no Tests: A Systematic Approach to Test Adaptation 587 Penny Holding, Amina Abubakar and Patricia Kitsao Wekulo Chapter XXX Paid Personal Assistance for Older Adults with Cognitive Impairment Living at Home: Current Concerns and Challenges for the Future 599 Claudio Bilotta, Luigi Bergamaschini, Paola Nicolini and Carlo Vergani Chapter XXXI Neurotoxicity, Autism, and Cognitive Impairment 609 Rebecca Cicha, Brett Holfeld and F. R. Ferraro VOLUME 3 Chapter XXXII Molecular Mechanisms Involved in the Pathogenesis of Huntington Disease 617 Claudia Perandones, Martín Radrizzani and Federico Eduardo Micheli Chapter XXXIII Huntingtin Interacting Proteins: Involvement in Diverse Molecular Functions, Biological Processes and Pathways 655 Nitai P. Bhattacharyya, Moumita Datta, Manisha Banerjee, Srijit Das and Saikat Mukhopadhyay Chapter XXXIV DNA Repair and Huntington's Disease 677 Fabio Coppedè Chapter XXXV Putting Together Evidence and Experience: Best Care in Huntington‘s Disease 691 Zinzi Paola1, Jacopini Gioia1, Frontali Marina and Anna Rita Bentivoglio Chapter XXXVI Oral Health Care for the Individual with Huntington‘s Disease 705 Robert Rada Chapter XXXVII Suicidal Ideation and Behaviour in Huntington‘s Disease 717 Tarja-Brita Robins Wahlin Chapter XXXVIII Making Reproductive Decisions in the Face of a Late-Onset Genetic Disorder, Huntington‘s Disease: An Evaluation of Naturalistic Decision-Making Initiatives 745 Claudia Downing Chapter XXXIX The Control of Adult Neurogenesis by the Microenvironment and How This May be Altered in Huntington‘s Disease 799 Wendy Phillips and Roger A. Barker Index 857