Empsychoi Logoi Religious Innovations in Antiquity HHOOUUTTMMAANN__PPrreelliimmss__ii--iivv..iinndddd ii 33//66//22000088 77::4444::4411 PPMM Ancient Judaism and Early Christianity Arbeiten zur Geschichte des antiken Judentums und des Urchristentums Founding Editor Martin Hengel (Tübingen) Executive Editors Cilliers Breytenbach (Berlin) Martin Goodman (Oxford) Editorial Board Friedrich Avemarie (Marburg), Pieter W. van der Horst (Utrecht), Tal Ilan (Berlin), Tessa Rajak (Reading), Daniel R. Schwartz (Jerusalem), Seth Schwartz (New York) VOLUME 73 HHOOUUTTMMAANN__PPrreelliimmss__ii--iivv..iinndddd iiii 33//66//22000088 77::4444::4422 PPMM Empsychoi Logoi—Religious Innovations in Antiquity Studies in Honour of Pieter Willem van der Horst Edited by Alberdina Houtman, Albert de Jong, and Magda Misset-van de Weg LEIDEN • BOSTON 2008 HHOOUUTTMMAANN__PPrreelliimmss__ii--iivv..iinndddd iiiiii 33//66//22000088 77::4444::4422 PPMM This book is printed on acid-free paper. A Cataloging-in-Publication record for this book is available from the Library of Congress. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Foreign churches in St. Petersburg and their archives, 1703–1917 / edited by Pieter Holtrop and Henk Slechte. p. cm. — (Brill’s series in church history ; v. 29) Proceedings of a congress held in Oct. 2003 in Saint Petersburg, Russia. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-90-04-16260-0 (hardback : alk. paper) 1. Saint Petersburg (Russia) — Church history. I. Holtrop, P. N. II. Slechte, C. H. III. Title. IV. Series. BR938.S25F67 2007 274.7'2107—dc22 2007029955 ISSN 1871-6636 ISBN 978 90 04 16597 7 Copyright 2008 by Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands. Koninklijke Brill NV incorporates the imprints Brill, Hotei Publishing, IDC Publishers, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers and VSP. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use is granted by Koninklijke Brill NV provided that the appropriate fees are paid directly to The Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Suite 910, Danvers, MA 01923, USA. Fees are subject to change. printed in the netherlands HHOOUUTTMMAANN__PPrreelliimmss__ii--iivv..iinndddd iivv 33//66//22000088 77::4444::4422 PPMM CONTENTS Abbreviations .............................................................................. ix Preface ......................................................................................... xv Introduction ................................................................................ xvii PART ONE CONTEXTS ‘Judenthum’, ‘Griechenthum’ and ‘Christenthum’ as Parameters in Early Nineteenth-Century Jewish Political Thinking .................................................................................. 3 I.E. Zwiep Explaining Change in Judaism in Late Antiquity ..................... 19 M. Goodman The End of Sacrifi ce: Religious Mutations of Late Antiquity ... 29 G.G. Stroumsa Worshipping the Visible Gods: Confl ict and Accommodation in Hellenism, Hellenistic Judaism and Early Christianity ..... 47 D.T. Runia PART TWO THE IMPACT OF THE INDIVIDUAL Ammianus Marcellinus’ Judgement of Julian’s Piety ................. 65 J. den Boeft A quodam Persa exstiterunt: Re-Orienting Manichaean Origins .... 81 A. de Jong The Letter of Mara bar Sarapion: Some Comments on its Philosophical and Historical Context .................................... 107 A. Merz and T. Tieleman HHOOUUTTMMAANN__FF11__vv--xxxxiivv..iinndddd vv 33//66//22000088 77::3399::5588 PPMM vi contents John the Baptist According to Flavius Josephus, and his Incorporation in the Christian Tradition ............................... 135 J. Tromp The Panegyris in Jerusalem: Responses to Herod’s Initiative (Josephus, Antiquities 15.268–291) ........................................... 151 J.W. van Henten PART THREE GROUP DYNAMICS AS AGENTS OF RELIGIOUS CHANGE Sabbath at Elephantine: A Short Episode in the Construction of Jewish Identity .................................................................... 177 B. Becking The Opponents in the Johannine Epistles: Fact or Fiction? ..... 191 M.J.J. Menken Is there a Heresy that Necessitated Jude’s Letter? ..................... 211 G. Van Oyen Jewish Monotheism and Christian Origins ................................ 227 B.J. Lietaert Peerbolte The Didache Redefi ning its Jewish Identity in View of Gentiles Joining the Community ............................................ 247 H. van de Sandt Bereshit Bara Elohim: Bereshit Rabba, Parashah 1, Reconsidered ........................................................................... 267 P. Schäfer PART FOUR NEW TEXTS, NEW READINGS Manichaean Elements in an Early Version of the Virgin Mary’s Assumption ...................................................... 293 R. van den Broek HHOOUUTTMMAANN__FF11__vv--xxxxiivv..iinndddd vvii 33//66//22000088 77::3399::5599 PPMM contents vii Interpretative Thētas in the Strasbourg Empedocles .................. 317 J. Mansfeld & K. Algra ‘Our Righteous Brethren’: Refl ections on the Description of the Righteous Ones according to the Greek Revelation of Peter (Akhm. 2) ......................................................................... 329 T. Nicklas The Evil Inclination in the Dead Sea Scrolls, with a Re-edition of 4Q468i (4QSectarian Text?) ........................... 347 E. Tigchelaar A Greek Letter from Syria ......................................................... 358 K.A. Worp PART FIVE JEWISH AND CHRISTIAN TEXTS IN COMPARISON Close Encounters of the Third Kind: Heliodorus in the Temple and Paul on the Road to Damascus ......................... 367 J.N. Bremmer The Untold End: 2 Maccabees and Acts .................................. 385 H. Lichtenberger The Fate of the Wicked: Second Death in Early Jewish and Christian Texts ........................................................................ 405 A. Houtman and M. Misset-van de Weg ‘Why do the Nations Conspire?’: Psalm 2 in Post-Biblical Jewish and Christian Traditions ............................................. 425 G. Rouwhorst and M. Poorthuis HHOOUUTTMMAANN__FF11__vv--xxxxiivv..iinndddd vviiii 33//66//22000088 77::3399::5599 PPMM viii contents PART SIX THE DEVELOPMENT OF JEWISH LITERATURE The Composition of Prayers and Songs in Philo’s De Vita Contemplativa ............................................................................. 457 J.H. Newman Life and Death in Pseudo-Phocylides ............................................. 469 K.-W. Niebuhr The Phrase ‘Good Works’ in Early Judaism: A Universal Code for the Jewish Law? ................................................................ 485 E. Ottenheijm The LXX Translation of Esther: A Paraphrastic Translation of MT or a Free Translation of a Rewritten Version? ......... 507 E. Tov The Hidden Reference: the Role of EDOM in Late Antique and Early Medieval Jewish Hymnography ............................ 527 W.J. van Bekkum PART SEVEN THE DEVELOPMENT OF EARLY CHRISTIAN LITERATURE Rearranging the ‘House of God’: A New Perspective on the Pastoral Epistles ...................................................................... 547 J. Herzer Prayer as Theological Refl ection: The Function of Prayer in Ephesians ................................................................................ 567 G.E. Sterling Refl ections on the Apocryphal Gospels as Supplements ........... 597 G. Mussies List of Contributors .................................................................... 613 Index ........................................................................................... 617 HHOOUUTTMMAANN__FF11__vv--xxxxiivv..iinndddd vviiiiii 33//66//22000088 77::3399::5599 PPMM ABBREVIATIONS AAA.A Acta Academiae Aboensis, Ser.A AB Anchor Bible Series ABD Anchor Bible Dictionary ABRL Anchor Bible Reference Library AGJU Arbeiten zur Geschichte des antiken Judentums und des Urchristentums AJEC Ancient Judaism and Early Christianity AJP American Journal of Philology ALGHJ Arbeiten zur Literatur und Geschichte des hellenistischen Judentums ANET Ancient Near Eastern Texts ANRW Aufstieg und Niedergang der römischen Welt AOAT Alter Orient und Altes Testament ASE Annali di storia dell’esegesi ATANT Abhandlungen zur Theologie des Alten und Neuen Testa- ments BARev Biblical Archaeology Review BASOR The Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research BASP Bulletin of the American Society of Papyrologists BBB Bonner Biblische Beiträge BBET Beiträge zur biblischen Exegese und Theologie BETL Bibliotheca Ephemeridum Theologicarum Lovaniensium BI Biblical Interpretation Bib Biblica BibS(F) Biblische Studien (Freiburg, 1895–) BICS Bulletin of the Institute of Classical Studies BIS Biblical Interpretation Series BK Bibel und Kirche BN Biblische Notizen BSR Brown Studies in Religion BWANT Beiträge zur Wissenschaft vom Alten und Neuen Testament BZAR Beihefte zur Zeitschrift für altorientalische und biblische Rechtsgeschichte BZAW Beihefte zur Zeitschrift für die alttestamentliche Wissen- schaft HHOOUUTTMMAANN__FF11__vv--xxxxiivv..iinndddd iixx 33//66//22000088 77::3399::5599 PPMM