mn iMW yyi * & EMPIRE V B\l Br is- ftftft******ft<fr*ftft***ft*ft*****ft* HOW SPAIN BECAME A WORLD POWER 1492-1763 ftftftftftftftftftftftftftftftftftftftftftftftftftftft Hen men ily ICa * > ~-?;i i USA $34.95 Canada $53.95 How did a barren, thinly populated country, some- what isolated from the restofEurope, establish itself as the world's first superpower? Henry Kamen's impressive new book offers a fresh and highly origi- nal answer. Empire is a global survey of the two and a half centuries (from the late fifteenth to the mid- eighteenth) in which the Spaniards established the most extensive empire the world had ever known, ranging from Naples and the Netherlands to the Philippines. Unlike previous accounts, which have presented the Empire as a direct consequence of Spanish power, this provocative work of history emphasizes the inability ofSpain to run an imperial enterprise by itself. The role ofconquestwas decep- tive. Spain's rise to powerwas actuallymade possible by the collaboration of international business inter- ests, including Italian financiers, German techni- cians and Dutch traders, in the task of setting up networks of contact ranging across the oceans. At the heightofits apparentpower, the Spanish Empire was in reality a global enterprise in which non- Spaniards—Portuguese, Basque, Aztec, Genoese, Chinese, Flemish, West African, Incan and Neapolitan—played an essential role. It is this vast diversity of resources and people (which included man of its greatest adventurers and soldiers) that made i's power so overwhelming. (ecu ackflap) 0303 Boston Public Library MA Boston 02116 * - 9 m EMPIRE & # Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2011 http://www.archive.org/details/empirehowspainbeOOkame m $> EMPIRE ****************** HOW SPAIN BECAME A WORLD POWER 1492-1763 ****************** Henry Kamen & <# YLarperCollinsPublishers — — EMPIRE. Copyright © 2003 by Henry Kamen. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States ofAmerica. No part ofthis book may be used or reproduced in any manner whatsoever without written permission except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical articles and reviews. For information, address HarperCollins Publishers Inc., 10 East 53rd Street, New York, NY 10022. HarperCollins books may be purchased for educational, business, or sales promotional use. Forinformation, pleasewrite: Special Markets Department, HarperCollins Publishers Inc., 10 East 53rd Street, New NY York, 10022. First published in Great Britain in 2002 by Penguin Books Ltd. FIRST AMERICAN EDITION Printed on acid-free paper Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Kamen, Henry Arthur Francis. [Spain's road to empire] Empire : ho—w Spain became a world power, 1492-1763 / Henry Kamen. 1st American ed. p. cm. Originally published: Spain's road to empire. London : Penguin, 2002. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-06-019476-6 (alk. paper) — — 1. Spa—in Histo—ry Ferdinand and Isabella, 1479-1516. 2. Spain—History House ofAustria—, 1516-170—0. 3. Spain History—Bourbons,—1700- 4. Spain Colonies History. 5. Spain Relations Foreign countries. 6. Imperialism History. I. Title. 987654321 03 04 05 06 07 uk/rrd 10 Contents ListofIllustrations vi ListofMaps X Preface xxi i Foundations 3 2 The EarlyWestern Empire 49 ANewWorld 3 95 4 Creating a World Power 151 5 The Pearl ofthe Orient 197 6 The Frontier 239 7 The Business ofWorld Power 285 8 Identities and the Civilizing Mission 33i 9 Shoring Up the Empire (i630-1700) 381 10 UnderNew Management 439 11 Conclusion: The Silence ofPizarro 487 Glossary 5i3 ListofAbbreviations 515 Notes 5i7 SelectBibliography 567 Index 577 List ofIllustrations Black and white chapter illustrations and engravings Chapter i The departure ofColumbus's second voyage. From Caspar Plautius,Nova Typis TransactaNavigation 1621 (©Ameri- can Antiquarian Society, Worcester, MA) Chapter 2 The Entrance ofCharles Vinto Bologna, 1529-30 (photo: Gabinetti dei Disegni e delle Stampe, Florence/Scala) Chapter 3 CaptureoftheIncaAtahualpabytheSpanish.FromTheodor deBry, GrandVoyages, 1596 (photo:TheFotomasIndex) Chapter 4 Execution of prisoners after the surrender of Haarlem to theSpaniards,engraving, 1567 (photo:TheFotomasIndex) Chapter 5 Magellan enters the Pacific, engraving, c. 1567 (photo: The Fotomas Index) Chapter 6 Early seventeenth-century map of South America (photo: The Fotomas Index) Chapter 7 Pack train ofllamas laden with silver from Potosi mines of Peru. From Theodor de Bry, Grand Voyages, 1602 (photo: Library of Congress, Washington DC/The Bridgeman Art Library) Chapter 8 Tupi Indian dancers, Brazil. From Theodor de Bry, Grand Voyages, 1593 (photo: Library of Congress, Washington DC/The Bridgeman Art Library) Chapter 9 TheBattleofRocroi, 1643,engravingbyA. Boudan (photo: Mary Evans Picture Library) Chapter 10 The port of Vigo in Galicia, 1702, engraving by Anon, (photo: Mary Evans Picture Library) Chapter 11 The Inca Guyana Capac and a Spaniard discussgold. From Felipe Guaman Poma de Ayala, The First New Chronicle VI