Emotional Labour in Criminal Justice and Criminology This book is the first volume to explore criminal justice work and crimino- logical research through the lens of emotional labour. A concept first coined 30 years ago, emotional labour research seeks to explore the ways in which people manage their emotions in order to achieve the aims of their organ- isations, and understand the impact of this type of work on workers and service users. The chapters in this edited collection explore work in a wide range of criminal justice institutions as well as the penal voluntary sector. In addi- tion to literature review chapters which consolidate what we already know, this book includes case study chapters which extend our knowledge of how emotional labour is performed in specific contexts, and in relation to cer- tain types of work. Emotional Labour in Criminal Justice and Criminology covers topics such as prisoners who die from natural causes in prison, to the work of independent domestic violence advisors and the use of emotion by death penalty lawyers in the US. An accessible and compelling read, this book presents ground-breaking qualitative and quantitative research which will be critical to criminologists, criminal justice practitioners, students of criminology and academics in the fields of social policy and public service. Jake Phillips is a Reader in Criminology at Sheffield Hallam University. His research is primarily focused on the intersection between policy and practice in the field of probation and community sanctions. In recent years, he has conducted research on the emotional labour of probation practice, people who die whilst under probation supervision and the impact of inspection and regulation on probation policy and practice. Chalen Westaby is a Senior Lecturer in Law at Sheffield Hallam University. She has published primarily in the field of emotional labour. Her empirical qualitative research has focused on legal professionals, law students and most recently, probation officers and criminological researchers. She has also un- dertaken research into emotion in the legal profession, particularly focusing on empathy and its role within professional practice. Andrew Fowler is a Senior Lecturer in Criminology at Sheffield Hallam University. As a former probation officer and practice tutor assessor, he also teaches on the Professional Qualification in Probation and the undergraduate criminology programme. He has published work centring on emotional la- bour in probation practice. Andrew is currently undertaking research into the Skills for Effective Engagement Development Supervision model (SEEDS) for Her Majesty’s Prison and Probation Service (HMPPS). Jaime Waters is a Senior Lecturer in Criminology and Fellow of the Shef- field Institute for Policy Studies at Sheffield Hallam University. Her main research interests include illegal drug use, gambling and emotional labour. She is co-author of Illegal Drug Use through the Lifecourse and Mixed Methods in Criminology (both with Routledge), and editor of the special issue ‘Entering the field of criminological research’ in the British Journal of Community Justice. The Editors of Emotional Labour in Criminal Justice and Criminology are to be congratulated for bringing together an important and innovative collection of essays that will give all researchers conducting empirical studies in crim- inology pause for thought about their own emotional labour, as well as that performed by professionals in the criminal justice sector. Foregrounding cul- ture, context and conflict, this book is a must-read for anyone interested in the ethical and emotional dimensions of qualitative methodologies and criminal justice. — Yvonne Jewkes, Professor of Criminology, University of Bath Emotional Labour in Criminal Justice and Criminology brings the topic of emotion work to a range of professions across the criminal justice spectrum. Focussed and in-depth studies deepen our understanding of the multi-faceted expe- riences, displays and management of emotion in criminal justice work. The book provides criminal justice practitioners, scholars and policy makers with rigorous empirical evidence on the inter-personal and organisational con- texts of emotional labour. — Sharyn Roach Anleu, Matthew Flinders Distinguished Professor, Flinders University Routledge Frontiers of Criminal Justice The Development of Transnational Policing Past, present and future Edited by John L.M. McDaniel, Karlie E. Stonard and David J. Cox ‘Crossover’ Children in the Youth Justice and Child Protection Systems Susan Baidawi and Rosemary Sheehan Critical Reflections on Evidence-Based Policing Edited by Nigel Fielding, Karen Bullock and Simon Holdaway Policing and Mental Health Theory, policy and practice Edited by John L.M. McDaniel, Kate Moss and Ken G. Pease The Making of a Police Officer Comparative perspectives on police education and recruitment Edited by Tore Bjørgo and Marie-Louise Damen Police Integrity in South Africa Sanja Kutnjak Ivkovich, Adri Sauerman, Andrew Faull, Michael E. Meyer and Gareth Newham Emotional Labour in Criminal Justice and Criminology Edited by Jake Phillips, Chalen Westaby, Andrew Fowler and Jaime Waters For more information about this series, please visit: www.routledge.com/ Routledge-Frontiers-of-Criminal-Justice/book-series/RFCJ Emotional Labour in Criminal Justice and Criminology Edited by Jake Phillips, Chalen Westaby, Andrew Fowler and Jaime Waters First published 2021 by Routledge 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN and by Routledge 52 Vanderbilt Avenue, New York, NY 10017 Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business © 2021 selection and editorial matter, Jake Phillips, Chalen Westaby, Andrew Fowler and Jaime Waters; individual chapters, the contributors The right of Jake Phillips, Chalen Westaby, Andrew Fowler and Jaime Waters to be identified as the authors of the editorial material, and of the authors for their individual chapters, has been asserted in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Phillips, Jake, editor. Title: Emotional labour in criminal justice and criminology / edited by Jake Phillips, Chalen Westaby, Andrew Fowler and Jaime Waters. Description: Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2020. | Includes bibliographical references and index. | Identifiers: LCCN 2020007311 | ISBN 9780367152017 (hbk) | ISBN 9780429055669 (ebk) Subjects: LCSH: Criminal justice, Administration of— Psychological aspects. | Criminology. | Crime—Sociological aspects. Classification: LCC HV7419 .E52 2020 | DDC 331.7/61364—dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2020007311 ISBN: 978-0-367-15201-7 (hbk) ISBN: 978-0-429-05566-9 (ebk) Typeset in Bembo by codeMantra Contents List of illustrations xi List of contributors xiii Foreword xix Acknowledgements xxiii PART ONE 1 1 Introduction: why study emotional labour in criminal justice and criminology 3 JAKE PHILLIPS, CHALEN WESTABY, ANDREW FOWLER AND JAIME WATERS 2 Emotional labour in policing 18 ALEX BLACK AND KAREN LUMSDEN 3 Emotional labour in the legal profession 34 CHALEN WESTABY AND ANDREA SUBRYAN 4 Emotions in context: the marginalisation and persistence of emotional labour in probation 54 ANDREW FOWLER, JAKE PHILLIPS AND CHALEN WESTABY 5 The emotional labour of prison work 69 PER ÅKE NYLANDER AND ANDERS BRUHN 6 Emotional labour in the penal voluntary sector 85 KAITLYN QUINN AND PHILIPPA TOMCZAK viii Contents 7 Doing criminological research: an emotional labour perspective 101 JAIME WATERS, CHALEN WESTABY, ANDREW FOWLER AND JAKE PHILLIPS PART TWO 125 8 Prison officers: emotional labour and dying prisoners 127 CAROL ROBINSON 9 Gendering emotional labour: independent domestic violence advisors 138 MARIAN DUGGAN 10 “And you didn’t tell them that they were getting robbed!?” emotional labour, ethnography and danger 150 ANTHONY ELLIS 11 Emotions at the prevention end of youth justice 161 ANNE ROBINSON 12 Emotional labour, cooling the client out and lawyer face 173 LISA FLOWER 13 Hidden in plain sight: contrasting emotional labor and burnout in civilian and sworn law enforcement employees 185 IAN T. ADAMS AND SHARON H. MASTRACCI 14 Whom to punish? – Street-level dilemmas within the Swedish Border Police 196 LISA MARIE BORRELLI 15 The emotional labour of prison Listeners 208 SARAH NIXON 16 Perspectives on the emotional labour of Special Constables 221 IAIN BRITTON AND LAURA KNIGHT Contents ix 17 Anger and the emotional culture of death penalty defense lawyers 236 MATTHEW JOHN-WILLIAM GREIFE, MARK POGREBIN AND SARAH GOODRUM 18 Conclusion: what do we now know about emotional labour in criminal justice? Culture, context and conflict 246 JAKE PHILLIPS, CHALEN WESTABY, ANDREW FOWLER AND JAIME WATERS Index 253