EMMA GOLDMAN A Guide to Her Life and Documentary Sources CANDACE FALK Editor STEPHEN COLE Associate Editor SALLY THOMAS Assistant Editor • • • Chadwyck-Healey © 1995. Chadwyck-Healey Inc. All rights reserved. No pari of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without written permission from Chadwyck-Healey Inc. First published 1995 by: Chadwyck-Healey Inc. 1101 King Street Alexandria, VA 22314 USA Distributed outside the USA by: Chadwyck-Healey Ltd The Quorum Barnwell Road Cambridge CB5 8SW England ISBN 0-89887-084-4 THE EMMA GOLDMAN PAPERS PROJECT Editors Candace Falk, Ph.D. Editor and Director Î980-1994 Ronald J. Zboray, Ph.D. Alice Hall, J.D. Daniel Cornford, Ph.D. Stephen Cole, Ph.D. Microfilm Editor Associate Editor, Associate Editor, Associate Editor 1984-1990 Government Documents Correspondence Series 1991-1994 1987-1993 1989-1990 Administrative and Program Staff Ami Samuels Susan Wengraf Administrative Assistant Sally Thomas Exhibition Associate 1990-1991 A dm in is t native A nalyst 1989-1993 1985-1991 Jennifer Collins Steve Masover Assistant Editor Administrative Assistant Administrative. Assistant 1992-1994 1989-1990 1992-1993 Research Associates Sarah Crome Robert Cohen, Ph.D. Barbara Loomis, Ph.D. 1980-1985 1987-1991 1988-1989 Dennis McEnnerney Tom Peabody 1985-1991 1990 Production Editors Kurt Thompson Jennifer Smith Ellen Ratcliffe Michael Katz 1987-1990 1988-1990 1986-1989 1990-1992 Editorial Assistants Brigida Campos Robert Geraci Sherry Katz Julia Rechter 1990-1991 1991 1987-1988 1989-1990 Colleen Cotter Susan Grayzel Maxine Leeds Raehel Rivera 1990-1991 1987-1989 1989- 1990 1989- 1991 Oz Frankel Marilynn Johnson Joanne Newman Françoise Vergés 1990-1991 1989- 1990 1985-1989 1990- 1991 Christopher Gales Leigh Anne Jones Kristin Penner Jessica Weiss 1990-1991 1990- 1991 1990- 1991 1989-1990 International Search Coordinators Brenda Butler Karen Hansen 1986-1990 1985-1986 To those who, inspired by Emma Goldman’s ideals, continue to meet the challenges necessary' to uphold the fragile right of dissent, to imagine a more just and sane world, and to devote themselves to the cause of freedom. The publication of the microfilm edition and its companion volume, Emma Goldman: A Guide to Her Life and Documentary Sources, would not have been possible without the unwavering sup­ port of the National Historical Publications and Records Commission (NHPRC) of the National Archives. We dedicate the Correspondence series to the NI1 PRC’s Deputy Director, Roger Bruns; and the Government Documents series to the memory of Sara Dunlap Jackson, the NHPRC’s long­ time archivist. With their historical, archival, and administrative guidance combined with good- natured friendship, we launched the Emma Goldman Papers Project. The Goldman Writings series, which includes translations of Goldman’s work, is dedicated to the memory of the Project’s European and Asian search coordinator, Brenda Butler, who died at the age of thirty-seven, just after completing five years of work on the Project. Much of the collection’s material tracing Goldman’s international significance is in tire collection because of Brenda Butler’s persistence and her sensitivity to the distinct cultures and polities of the many contributing archives and research associates around the world. The late Sarah Crome, cofounder and first research associate of the Emma Goldman Papers Project, was an inspiration to all of us for her untiring commitment to the cause of freedom. An unsung heroine in her own time, Sarah never sought public praise, but The Emma Goldman Papers would not have been the same without her. Contents List of Illustrations ...................................................................................................................................... xi Foreword by Leon F. Litwack...................................................................................................................... 1 Part I Emma Goldman Editor’s Introduction: Reconstructing the Documentary History of a Vibrant Life by Candace Falk......................................................................................................................................... 7 The World of Emma Goldman: A Bibliographical Essay by Stephen Cole ............................ 21 Chronology (1869-1940) by Sally Thomas, Stephen Cole, and Candace Talk ....................... 37 11.LUSTRATIONS .................................................................................................................................................. 117 Part II The Microfilm Edition Copyright and Permissions........................................................................................................................ 135 Editorial Principles and Procedures by Ronald J. Zboray ........................................................... 137 Acknowledgments by Candace Falk..................................................................................................... 163 Contributing Institutions ............................................................................................................... 171 Contributing Scholars, Archivists, and Librarians .............................................................. 185 Goldman Associates and Heirs ..................................................................................................... 189 Financial Supporters ................................................................................................................. 191 Reel List (Contents by Reel Number) ................................................................................................. 197 Introductory Essays to the Reels ........................................................................................................ 199 fixl Indexes Correspondence ............................................................................................................................................ 263 Goldman Writings: Drafts, Publications, and Speeches ............................................................... 441 Goldman Writings: Newspaper and Periodical Articles................................................................ 455 Government Documents: Cross Reference List ................................................................................ 491 Governmen t Documents: Key to Abbreviations for Names Index............................................... 529 Government Documents: Name............................................................................................................... 531 Government Documents: Title .............................................................................................................. 601 Government Documents: Subject .......................................................................................................... 633 Errata ............................................................................................................................................................ 691 [xj List of Illustrations Goldman, ca. 1910 (Hoover Institution on War, Revolution and Peace) .......................... frontispiece Family portrait (Emma Goldman Papers, Manuscripts and Archives Section, New York Public Library).................................................................................................. ......... 118 Goldman at seventeen (International institute of Social History)......................................... ......... 118 Goldman as a young activist (Culver Pictures)...................................................................... ......... 118 Die Dreiheit announcement (New York Public Library').................................................................. 119 Baltimore Critic clipping (Library, State Historical Society of Wisconsin)....................... ........... 119 1893 mug shot (Department of Records, City Archives of Philadelphia)....................................... 119 Goldman, ca. 1890 (International Institute of Social History).......................................................... 120 “What Is There in Anarchy for Woman?” (courtesy of St. Louis Post-Dispatch)............. 120 Voltairine de Clevre, 1897 (Joseph ishill Papers, University of Florida) 120 Caricature of Goldman (courtesy of Chicago Daily Tribune)........................................... 121 Chicago Inter Ocean article.................................................................................................... 121 1901 mug shot (Library of Congress)................................................................................... 121 Portrait of Goldman (Schlesinger Library, Radcliffe College)........................................... j 22 Mother Earth............................................................................................................................. 122 Letter from Goldman to Alexander Berkman (International Institute of Social History) . I 22 Portrait of Berkman (Labadie Collection, University of Michigan Library)..................... 122 Letter from Goldman to Ben Reitman (University of Illinois at Chicago Library)........... 123 Letter from New Haven police chief (Record Group 60, U.S. National Archives)........... 123 Reitman and Anna Baron (Newspaper Enterprise Association/Clcveland Public Library) 123 1915 lecture handbill (Holzwarth Collection, University of California at Santa Barbara) 124 Letter from Goldman to Helen Keller (Keller Archives, American Foundation for the Blind). . . 124 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Goldman at Union Square rally {International Institute of Social History).................................... 124 Goldman and Berkman (UPI/Belimann Newsphotos)...................................................................... 125 Prison letter to Stella Baliantine (International institute of Social History).................................. 125 Letter from J. Edgar Hoover (Record Group 60, U.S. National Archives).................................... 126 Goldman with Harry Weinberger before deportation (UPI/Bettmann Newsphotos)..................... 126 Questions to Lenin (Central Party Archives of the Institute of Marxism-Leninism, Moscow)... 127 Goldman at Peter Kropotkin funeral (courtesy of Paul Avrich)..................................................... 127 Goldman with Arthur Leonard Ross and Weinberger at Versailles (International Institute of Social History)................................................................................................................................ 128 M. Eleanor Fitzgerald and Pauline Türkei (Box 8, M. Eleanor Fitzgerald Papers, Manuscripts Collection, Gokla Meir Library, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee).................................. 128 Goldman and Emily Holmes Coleman, St. Tropez (UPI/Bettmann Newsphotos)....................... 128 Portrait of Goldman, inscribed to “Fitzi” (Box 8, M. Eleanor Fitzgerald Papers, Manuscripts Collection, Golda Meir Library, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee).................................. 128 Rudolf Rocker (photograph by Scnya Fleshin, courtesy of William Fishman).............................. 129 Max Neitlau (International Institute of Social History).................................................................... 129 Goldman with Modest Stein, Berkman, and Mollie Steimer (photograph by Senya Fleshin, courtesy of Paul Avrich)...................................................................................( ..............’ ¡79 Goldman and Stella Baliantine (AP/'Cleveiand Public Library)..................................................... 130 1934 speaking announcement (International institute of Social History)...................................... 130 Goldman press conference (UPI/Bettmann Newsphotos) ................................................................ 130 Letter from Goldman to H.G. Wells (Wells Collection, Rare Book Room, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign)................................................................................................................... 'll Goldman speaking in Hyde Park (courtesy of Jean Faulks)........................................................... 13 i Goldman with Spanish comrades (International Institute of Social History)................................ 131 1938 speaking announcement (International Institute of Social History)..................................... 131 Goldman's grave site........................................................................................................................... 132 Memorial announcement (American Civil Liberties Union Archives, Princeton University Library).......................................................................................................................................... 132 [xii] The World of Emma Goldman: A Bibliographical Essay In 1969, nearly sixty years after it first appeared, Dover Publications published a paperback edition of Emma Goldman’s Anarchism and Other Essays. Almost a quarter-century later Dover still sells fifteen hundred copies annually, and its 1970 paperback edition of her autobiography, Living My Life (1931), also remains in print—testimony to the continuing interest in Goldman’s life and ideas. With the publication of the microfilm edition of The Emma Goldman Papers, research­ ers will be able to supplement these volumes and other collections of Goldman’s work with facsimi­ les of her correspondence, government surveillance and legal documents, and other published and unpublished writings on an extraordinary range of issues. The purpose of this essay is to assist users of the microfilm who are unfamiliar with Goldman’s historical milieu by alerting them to books—secondary sources identified in the course of the Project’s fourteen years of research— that will provide context for the documents in the collection. It is not intended to be a comprehensive bibliography; it is confined for the most part to books, excluding, for example, articles in scholarly journals as well as anarchist newspapers and pamphlets. Included, however, arc accounts by Goldman and her associates of the movements and conflicts in which they participated that are essential for an appreciation of the flavor of their culture and of the world they attempted to build. Over the years, many of these sources have been reprinted; others have remained out of print for decades (for example, Alexander Berkman’s Bolshevik Myth). Wherever possible the fullest publishing history has been provided to aid readers in locating books that, despite occa­ sional reprintings, can still be difficult to find. For more extensive bibliographies, readers should consult Paul Nursey-Bray, Jim Jose, and Robyn Williams, eds., Anarchist Thinkers and Thought: An Annotated Bibliography (Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1992); the unannotated compilation by Robert Goehlert and Claire Herczeg, Anarchism: A Bibliography (Monticello, 111.: Vance Bibliographies, [1982]); and the catalogue of the anarchist collection at the Institut Français d’Histoire Sociale, Paris: Janine Gaitlemin, Marie- Aude Sowerwinc-Mareschal, and Diana Richet, eds., V anarchisme: Catalogue de livres et bro­ chures des XIXe et XXe siècles (Paris and Munich: K. G. Saur, 1982), An especially thorough bibliography can be found in David DeLeon, The American as Anarchist: Reflections on Indig­ enous Radicalism (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1978). Of historical interest is one of the earliest bibliographies of anarchism, compiled by the anarchist historian Max Nettlau, a frequent correspondent of Goldman’s. See Bibliographie de l’anarchie (Brussels: Bibliothèque des “Temps Nouveaux,” 1897; rpt. ed., New York: Burt Franklin, 1968), with a preface by Elisée Reclus. Finally, always valuable are the bibliographies in the books by Paul Avrich (see below). 21 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL ESSAY Goldman's Whitings The starting point for anyone interested in Goldman is her thousand-page autobiography, Liv­ ing My Life, 2 vols. (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1931; ipt, ed., Garden City, N.Y.: Garden City Publishing Company, 1934), which covers her life thoroughly through her departure from Soviet Russia in 1921 but devotes comparatively little space to her activities during the 1920s. Three years in the writing, Living My Life did not sell as many copies as Goldman had hoped, a victim of the depression and the high price of $7.50 for the two volumes. Still, Goldman was buoyed by the generally favorable reviews of her work. Friends compared the book to Rousseau’s Confessions; reviewers saw her life’s story as an antidote to complacency. The central theme of the book is the passionate intensity of Goldman’s commitment to her “beautiful ideal” of anarchism and her parallel quest for love and intimacy. When the book appeared, however, some readers and reviewers were shocked by Goldman’s candor in discussing her personal life, missing its centrality to her political convictions. Her attempt to reconcile the personal and political, however, found a strong resonance in the revitalized women’s movement of the 1960s and 1970s. Living My Life has been reprinted many times. A two-volume paperback edition is still in print (New York: Dover Publications, 1970). Other modern reprints include a two-volume edition, with an introduction by Sheila Rowbotham (London: Pluto Press, 1986); a one-volume unabridged edition, with an introduction by Candace Falk and a remembrance by Meridel Le Sueur (Salt Lake City: Gibbs M. Smith, 1982); a facsimile reprint of the 1931 Knopf edition (New York: Da Capo Press, 1970); and a one-volume abridged edition that ends with Goldman’s deportation from the United States in 1919, edited with an afterword and bibliographical essay by Richard and Anna Maria Drinnon (New York: New American Library, 1977). The editors of this edition performed an especially useful service by compiling a new and far more comprehensive index to replace the hopelessly inadequate original. In addition to its serialization in Yiddish in the Forward in 1931 (see reel 52 of The Emma Goldman Papers microfilm), Goldman’s autobiography has been published in other languages: for example, in German as Gelebtes Leben, 3 vols., trans. Renate Orywa and Sabine Vetter (Berlin: Karin Kramer Verlag, 1978-1980); in an abridged French edition, Epopee dune anare.hisle: New York 1886-Moscou 1920, trans. Cathy Berriheim and Annette Levy-Willard (Paris: Hachctte, 1979); and in Italian, Vivendo la mia vita, 3 vols., trans. Michele Buzzi (Milan: La Salamandra 1980- 1986). Goldman s monthly magazine, Mother Earth, which she published in New York from March 1906 to August 1917, is an important source for those interested in her ideas and the anarchist movement of the period. Often the day-to-day operation of the magazine was in the hands of others, most notably Max Baginski and for many years Alexander Berkman, freeing Goldman to spread anarchist ideas, build a readership, and raise money for the magazine through nationwide lecture lours. But Mother Earth bore the stamp of its founder, especially in its melding of art and politics, in addition to her essays—many of them revisions of lectures- -and articles on different aspects of anarchism, Mother Earth published original poems and short stories; excerpted works by writers such as Tolstoy, Maxim Gorki, Friedrich Nietzsche, and Oscar Wilde and reprinted poems by Will­ iam Morris and Walt Whitman; reported on labor and civil liberties disputes; kept its readers abreast of developments in the international anarchist and labor movements; and often featured striking graphics on its cover. 22