Emerging Innovations in Agile Software Development Imran Ghani Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Malaysia Dayang Norhayati Abang Jawawi Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Malaysia Siva Dorairaj Software Education, New Zealand Ahmed Sidky ICAgile, USA A volume in the Advances in Systems Analysis, Software Engineering, and High Performance Computing (ASASEHPC) Book Series Published in the United States of America by Information Science Reference (an imprint of IGI Global) 701 E. Chocolate Avenue Hershey PA, USA 17033 Tel: 717-533-8845 Fax: 717-533-8661 E-mail: [email protected] Web site: http://www.igi-global.com Copyright © 2016 by IGI Global. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored or distributed in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, without written permission from the publisher. Product or company names used in this set are for identification purposes only. Inclusion of the names of the products or companies does not indicate a claim of ownership by IGI Global of the trademark or registered trademark. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Ghani, Imran, 1975- editor. | Jawawi, Dayang Norhayati Abang, 1972- editor. | Dorairaj, Siva, 1972- editor. | Sidky, Ahmed editor. Title: Emerging innovations in agile software development / Imran Ghani, Dayang Norhayati Abang Jawawi, Siva Dorairaj, and Ahmed Sidky, editors. Description: Hershey, PA : Information Science Reference, an imprint of IGI Global, [2016] | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: LCCN 2015046888| ISBN 9781466698581 (hardcover) | ISBN 9781466698598 (ebook) Subjects: LCSH: Agile software development--Technological innovations. Classification: LCC QA76.76.D47 E465 2016 | DDC 005.1--dc23 LC record available at http://lccn.loc.gov/2015046888 This book is published in the IGI Global book series Advances in Systems Analysis, Software Engineering, and High Perfor- mance Computing (ASASEHPC) (ISSN: 2327-3453; eISSN: 2327-3461) British Cataloguing in Publication Data A Cataloguing in Publication record for this book is available from the British Library. All work contributed to this book is new, previously-unpublished material. The views expressed in this book are those of the authors, but not necessarily of the publisher. For electronic access to this publication, please contact: [email protected]. Advances in Systems Analysis, Software Engineering, and High Performance Computing (ASASEHPC) Book Series Vijayan Sugumaran Oakland University, USA ISSN: 2327-3453 EISSN: 2327-3461 Mission The theory and practice of computing applications and distributed systems has emerged as one of the key areas of research driving innovations in business, engineering, and science. The fields of software engineering, systems analysis, and high performance computing offer a wide range of applications and solutions in solving computational problems for any modern organization. The Advances in Systems Analysis, Software Engineering, and High Performance Computing (ASASEHPC) Book Series brings together research in the areas of distributed computing, systems and software engineering, high performance computing, and service science. This collection of publications is useful for academics, researchers, and practitioners seeking the latest practices and knowledge in this field. 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For pricing and ordering information please visit http://www.igi-global.com/book-series/advances-systems-analysis-software-engineering/73689. Postmaster: Send all address changes to above address. Copyright © 2016 IGI Global. All rights, including translation in other languages reserved by the publisher. No part of this series may be reproduced or used in any form or by any means – graphics, electronic, or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, taping, or information and retrieval systems – without written permission from the publisher, except for non commercial, educational use, including classroom teaching purposes. The views expressed in this series are those of the authors, but not necessarily of IGI Global. Titles in this Series For a list of additional titles in this series, please visit: www.igi-global.com Emerging Research Surrounding Power Consumption and Performance Issues in Utility Computing Ganesh Chandra Deka (Regional Vocational Training Institute (RVTI) for Women, India) G.M. Siddesh (M S Ramaiah Institute of Technology, Bangalore, India) K. G. Srinivasa (M S Ramaiah Institute of Technology, Ban- galore, India) and L.M. Patnaik (IISc, Bangalore, India) Information Science Reference • copyright 2016 • 460pp • H/C (ISBN: 9781466688537) • US $215.00 (our price) Advanced Research on Cloud Computing Design and Applications Shadi Aljawarneh (Jordan University of Science and Technology, Jordan) Information Science Reference • copyright 2015 • 388pp • H/C (ISBN: 9781466686762) • US $205.00 (our price) Handbook of Research on Computational Simulation and Modeling in Engineering Francisco Miranda (Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo and CIDMA of University of Aveiro, Portugal) and Carlos Abreu (Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, Portugal) Engineering Science Reference • copyright 2016 • 824pp • H/C (ISBN: 9781466688230) • US $420.00 (our price) Intelligent Applications for Heterogeneous System Modeling and Design Kandarpa Kumar Sarma (Gauhati University, India) Manash Pratim Sarma (Gauhati University, India) and Mous- mita Sarma (SpeecHWareNet (I) Pvt. Ltd, India) Information Science Reference • copyright 2015 • 407pp • H/C (ISBN: 9781466684935) • US $255.00 (our price) Achieving Enterprise Agility through Innovative Software Development Amitoj Singh (Chitkara University, Punjab, India) Information Science Reference • copyright 2015 • 349pp • H/C (ISBN: 9781466685109) • US $225.00 (our price) Delivery and Adoption of Cloud Computing Services in Contemporary Organizations Victor Chang (Computing, Creative Technologies and Engineering, Leeds Beckett University, UK) Robert John Walters (Electronics and Computer Science, University of Southampton, UK) and Gary Wills (Electronics and Computer Science, University of Southampton, UK) Information Science Reference • copyright 2015 • 519pp • H/C (ISBN: 9781466682108) • US $225.00 (our price) Emerging Research in Cloud Distributed Computing Systems Susmit Bagchi (Gyeongsang National University, South Korea) Information Science Reference • copyright 2015 • 446pp • H/C (ISBN: 9781466682139) • US $200.00 (our price) 701 E. Chocolate Ave., Hershey, PA 17033 Order online at www.igi-global.com or call 717-533-8845 x100 To place a standing order for titles released in this series, contact: [email protected] Mon-Fri 8:00 am - 5:00 pm (est) or fax 24 hours a day 717-533-8661 Editorial Advisory Board RodinaAhmad,University of Malaya, Malaysia RashinaHoda,University of Auckland, New Zealand MassilaBintiKamalrudin,Universiti Teknikal Melaka, Malaysia SeungRyulJeong,Kookmin University, South Korea RashidHafeezKhokhar,Charles Sturt University, Australia RoyMorien,Naresuan University, Thailand MazniBintiOmar,Universiti Utara, Malaysia DianeStrode,Whitireia Institute, New Zealand  Table of Contents Foreword.............................................................................................................................................xiv Preface.................................................................................................................................................xvi Chapter 1 ProductOwnershipIsaTeamSport.......................................................................................................1 Shane Hastie, Software Education, New Zealand Chapter 2 AgileCoachesandChampions:TwoHiddenFacilitatorsofAgileTransition.....................................24 Taghi Javdani Gandomani, Islamic Azad University – Boroujen, Iran Mina Ziaei Nafchi, Islamic Azad University – Boroujen, Iran Chapter 3 ACanvasforCapturingContextofAgileAdoption.............................................................................37 Pan-Wei Ng, Ivar Jacobson International, Singapore Chapter 4 TenYearsofExperiencewithAgileandModel-DrivenSoftwareDevelopmentinaLegacy Platform.................................................................................................................................................51 Chung-Yeung Pang, Seveco AG, Switzerland Chapter 5 RapidAgileTransformationataLargeITOrganization......................................................................85 Pan-Wei Ng, Ivar Jacobson International, Singapore Chapter 6 ATransformationApproachforScalingandSustainingAgilityatanEnterpriseLevel:ACulture- LedAgileTransformationApproach..................................................................................................103 Ahmed Sidky, ICAgile, USA Chapter 7 DesignofaFrameworktoImplementAgilityatOrganizationalLevel..............................................127 Jagadeesh Balakrishnan, National University of Singapore, Singapore    Chapter 8 ASurveyofAgileTransitionModels.................................................................................................141 Imran Ghani, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Malaysia Dayang Abang Jawawi, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Malaysia Naghmeh Niknejad, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Malaysia Murad Khan, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Malaysia Seung Ryul Jeong, Kookmin University, South Korea Chapter 9 AgileAssessmentMethodsandApproaches......................................................................................165 Mina Ziaei Nafchi, Islamic Azad University – Boroujen, Iran Taghi Javdani Gandomani, Islamic Azad University – Boroujen, Iran Chapter 10 AgileSoftwareDevelopmentChallengesinImplementationandAdoption:FocusingonLarge andDistributedSettings–PastExperiences,EmergentTopics.........................................................175 Abbas Moshref Razavi, University of Malaya, Malaysia Rodina Ahmad, University of Malaya, Malaysia Chapter 11 UsabilityEngineeringinAgileSoftwareDevelopmentProcesses.....................................................208 Muhammad Aminu Umar, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, Nigeria Sheidu Salami Tenuche, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, Nigeria Sahabi Ali Yusuf, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, Nigeria Aminu Onimisi Abdulsalami, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, Nigeria Aliyu Muhammad Kufena, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, Nigeria Chapter 12 FixedPricedProjectsinAgile:FixedProjectsinAgileSoftwareDevelopmentEnvironments........222 Anuradha Chaminda Gajanayaka, Exilesoft (Pvt) Limited, Sri Lanka Chapter 13 Behavior-DrivenDevelopmentUsingSpecificationbyExample:AnApproachforDeliveringthe RightSoftwareBuiltinRightWay.....................................................................................................237 Praveen Ramachandra Menon, Independent Researcher, Singapore Chapter 14 TheAgilityofAgileMethodologyforTeachingandLearningActivities.........................................283 Deshinta Arrova Dewi Dewi, INTI International University, Malaysia Mohana Muniandy, INTI International University, Malaysia Compilation of References...............................................................................................................293 About the Contributors....................................................................................................................317 Index...................................................................................................................................................321 Detailed Table of Contents Foreword.............................................................................................................................................xiv Preface.................................................................................................................................................xvi Chapter 1 ProductOwnershipIsaTeamSport.......................................................................................................1 Shane Hastie, Software Education, New Zealand Anumberofagilebrandsdownplaytheneedforbusinessanalysisandrequirementsmanagement onagileprojects,puttinglargestoreintheroleoftheProductOwner.Thispapertacklessomeofthe problemsthismisconceptioncanresultinandshowshoweffectiveproductownershipalmostalways requiresateamwithavarietyofskillsandbackgroundstobeeffective.ProductOwnershiprequires clarityofvision,alignmentwithorganizationalstrategy,understandingofthedevelopmentprocessand theabilitytocommunicatewithawidevarietyofstakeholdersacrossalllevelsbothinsideandoutside theorganization.Thecomplexityoftheroleismostoftenmorethanasinglepersoncan(orshould) copewith–effectiveproductownershiprequiresateamworkapproachcoveringavarietyofskillsand knowledge. Chapter 2 AgileCoachesandChampions:TwoHiddenFacilitatorsofAgileTransition.....................................24 Taghi Javdani Gandomani, Islamic Azad University – Boroujen, Iran Mina Ziaei Nafchi, Islamic Azad University – Boroujen, Iran PrevalenceofAgilemethodsinsoftwarecompaniesisincreasingdramatically.Softwarecompanies andteamsneedtoemploythesemethodstoovercometheinherentchallengesoftraditionalmethods insoftwaredevelopment.However,transitioningtoAgileapproachisatopicofdebate.Thisismainly becausesoftwarecompaniesarefacingwithmanychallenges,obstacles,andhindranceswhenleaving traditionalmethodsandmovingtoAgilemethods,asshowninpreviousresearchstudies.Conductinga large-scaleresearchstudyshowedthatAgiletransformationneedtobesupportedbyseveralfacilitators andidentifieditsmostimportantfacilitators.Themainaimofthischapteristopresenttwohidden facilitatorsofAgiletransition,AgilecoachesandAgilechampions,whichrarelyhavebeentakeninto consideration.Bothofthesefacilitatorsdirectlyimpressthepeopleinvolvedinthetransition.People- intensivenatureofAgilemethodsandcriticalroleofthepeopleinthetransitionprocessreflectthe importanceofthesefacilitatorswhenasoftwarecompanydoingitstransition.    Chapter 3 ACanvasforCapturingContextofAgileAdoption.............................................................................37 Pan-Wei Ng, Ivar Jacobson International, Singapore Althoughagiledevelopmentpromisesbettercustomerresponseandquality,notallwhoattemptagile seemtogetsuchdesiredresults.Theissueiscontext–understandingthecontextinwhichagileisbeing adoptedandchoosingtherightpractices.Ourresearchquestionishowagile-coachescanbestelicitand communicatetheagileadoptioncontextwithdevelopmentteamsandorganizations.Inthispaper,we proposecapturinganddescribingagileadoptioncontextvisuallyusingasetofarchitecturalviews.This isanalogoustodescribingarchitectures,butnowappliedtothecontextofagileadoption.Wepropose asetofviewsandapplieditintheagileadoptionofacompany’sinternalsocialnetworksystem(SNS). Ourexperiencestaughtusthatcontextevolvesasagilecoachesinteractwithdevelopmentorganization andteams,andthecontextdescriptionevolvesandconvergestotheteam’sdesiredwayofworking aftertheagilecoachleavesthescene.Itisalsothebasisfordrawinguponpastexperiencesandbuilding experiencesforthenextagileadoptionengagement. Chapter 4 TenYearsofExperiencewithAgileandModel-DrivenSoftwareDevelopmentinaLegacy Platform.................................................................................................................................................51 Chung-Yeung Pang, Seveco AG, Switzerland Inthischapter,areportcontainingtheauthor’smanyyearsofexperienceinsoftwaredevelopment togetherwithadiscussionofsoftwareengineeringarepresented.Thereportbeginswiththesoftware crisisandincludesdifferentprojectsfollowingthetraditionalwaterfallmodelwithheavydocuments.In are-engineeringprojectofalegacyITsystembymodernizingCOBOLapplications,weestablishedan agileandmodeldrivenapproachtosoftwaredevelopment.Thisapproachwhichhasbeensuccessfully appliedin13projectssince2004ispresented.Thekeyfactorsrequiredforoursuccesswillalsobe discussed.Boththegoodandbadexperiencesofthelasttenyearswillbesummarized.Thechapterwill befinalizedwithavisionofanewarchitectureforagilesoftwaredevelopment. Chapter 5 RapidAgileTransformationataLargeITOrganization......................................................................85 Pan-Wei Ng, Ivar Jacobson International, Singapore ThischapterdescribestheagiletransformationofanITorganizationinChinawithabout4000people includingcontractors.Inthespanofoneyear,47teamsand1700engineersmovedfromtraditionalto agilewayofworking.Therewasa44%reductionindevelopmentlead-time,5%reductioninproduction defectsand22%reductioninproductionincidents.Thisagiletransformationoccurredattwolevels.At theorganizationlevel,adoptionspeedwascrucial,aswewantedtoreachcriticalmassinrapidtimewith limitedcoachingresources.Thiswasverymuchanentrepreneurstartupproblem,wherecustomersinour caseareteamsandmembersintheITorganization.Attheteamlevel,apracticearchitectureprovideda roadmapforcontinuousimprovement.Atheory-based-software-engineeringapproachfacilitateddeeper learning.Beyondtheusualfactorsforleadingsuccessfulchange,thistransformationexemplifiedthe useofastartupmentality,socialnetworks,practicearchitecture,simulation,gamification,andmore importantlyintegratingtheoryandpractice.