EMERGING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE APPLICATIONS IN COMPUTER ENGINEERING Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications FAIA covers all aspects of theoretical and applied artificial intelligence research in the form of monographs, doctoral dissertations, textbooks, handbooks and proceedings volumes. The FAIA series contains several sub-series, including “Information Modelling and Knowledge Bases” and “Knowledge-Based Intelligent Engineering Systems”. It also includes the biennial ECAI, the European Conference on Artificial Intelligence, proceedings volumes, and other ECCAI – the European Coordinating Committee on Artificial Intelligence – sponsored publications. An editorial panel of internationally well-known scholars is appointed to provide a high quality selection. Series Editors: J. Breuker, R. Dieng-Kuntz, N. Guarino, J.N. Kok, J. Liu, R. López de Mántaras, R. Mizoguchi, M. Musen and N. Zhong Volume 160 Recently published in this series Vol. 159. E. Tyugu (Ed.), Algorithms and Architectures of Artificial Intelligence Vol. 158. R. Luckin et al. (Eds.), Artificial Intelligence in Education – Building Technology Rich Learning Contexts That Work Vol. 157. B. Goertzel and P. Wang (Eds.), Advances in Artificial General Intelligence: Concepts, Architectures and Algorithms – Proceedings of the AGI Workshop 2006 Vol. 156. R.M. Colomb, Ontology and the Semantic Web Vol. 155. O. Vasilecas et al. (Eds.), Databases and Information Systems IV – Selected Papers from the Seventh International Baltic Conference DB&IS’2006 Vol. 154. M. Duží et al. (Eds.), Information Modelling and Knowledge Bases XVIII Vol. 153. Y. Vogiazou, Design for Emergence – Collaborative Social Play with Online and Location-Based Media Vol. 152. T.M. van Engers (Ed.), Legal Knowledge and Information Systems – JURIX 2006: The Nineteenth Annual Conference Vol. 151. R. Mizoguchi et al. (Eds.), Learning by Effective Utilization of Technologies: Facilitating Intercultural Understanding Vol. 150. B. Bennett and C. Fellbaum (Eds.), Formal Ontology in Information Systems – Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference (FOIS 2006) Vol. 149. X.F. Zha and R.J. Howlett (Eds.), Integrated Intelligent Systems for Engineering Design Vol. 148. K. Kersting, An Inductive Logic Programming Approach to Statistical Relational Learning ISSN 0922-6389 Emerging Artificial Intelligence Applications in Computer Engineering Real Word AI Systems with Applications in eHealth, HCI, Information Retrieval and Pervasive Technologies Edited by Ilias Maglogiannis Department of Information and Communication Systems Engineering, University of the Aegean, Samos, Greece Kostas Karpouzis Institute of Communication and Computer Systems, National Technical University of Athens, Greece Manolis Wallace Department of Computer Science, University of Indianapolis, Athens Campus, Greece and John Soldatos Athens Information Technology, Greece Amsterdam • Berlin • Oxford • Tokyo • Washington, DC © 2007 The authors and IOS Press. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without prior written permission from the publisher. ISBN 978-1-58603-780-2 Library of Congress Control Number: 2007933091 Publisher IOS Press Nieuwe Hemweg 6B 1013 BG Amsterdam Netherlands fax: +31 20 687 0019 e-mail: [email protected] Distributor in the UK and Ireland Distributor in the USA and Canada Gazelle Books Services Ltd. IOS Press, Inc. White Cross Mills 4502 Rachael Manor Drive Hightown Fairfax, VA 22032 Lancaster LA1 4XS USA United Kingdom fax: +1 703 323 3668 fax: +44 1524 63232 e-mail: [email protected] e-mail: [email protected] LEGAL NOTICE The publisher is not responsible for the use which might be made of the following information. PRINTED IN THE NETHERLANDS Emerging Artificial Intelligence Applications in Computer Engineering v I. Maglogiannis et al. (Eds.) IOS Press, 2007 © 2007 The authors and IOS Press. All rights reserved. Preface Since the term “Artificial Intelligence” was first coined in 1955 by John McCarthy in his proposal for the Dartmouth Conference, but also even before that as reflected in works such that of Alan Turing, there has been a fiery philosophical discussion associ- ated with it. Questions such as “what is it?”, “can it really exist?”, “will it ever surpass human intelligence?”, “how should we refer to it?” and so on have troubled us for years and still continue to do so with undiminished intensity. Regardless of how each one of us chooses to react to the aforementioned philoso- phical questions, there is one thing that we can all take for granted. The field that is referred to as artificial, computational or machine intelligence, or simply AI, has now begun to mature. Thus, correctly called intelligent or not, there is a vast list of method- ologies, tools and applications that have been developed under the general umbrella of artificial intelligence which have provided practical solutions to difficult real life prob- lems. Moreover, it is clear that, as computing progresses, more and more practical problems will find their solution in research performed in the field of artificial intelli- gence. In general, intelligent applications build on the existing rich and proven theoretical background, as well as on ongoing basic research, in order to provide solutions for a wide range of real life problems. Nowadays, the ever expanding abundance of informa- tion and computing power enables researchers and users to tackle highly interesting issues for the first time, such as applications providing personalized access and interac- tivity to multimodal information based on user preferences and semantic concepts or human-machine interface systems utilizing information on the affective state of the user. The purpose of this book is to provide insights on how today’s computer engineers can implement AI in real world applications. Overall, the field of artificial intelligence is extremely broad. In essence, AI has found application, in one way or another, in every aspect of computing and in most aspects of modern life. Consequently, it is not possible to provide a complete review of the field in the framework of a single book, unless if the review is broad rather than deep. In this book we have chosen to present selected current and emerging practical applications of AI, thus allowing for a more detailed presentation of topics. The book is organized in 4 parts. Part I “General Purpose Applications of AI” focuses on the most “conventional” areas of computational intelligence. On one side, we discuss the application of machine learning technologies and on the other we ex- plore emerging applications of structured knowledge representation approaches. Part II “Intelligent Human-Computer Interaction” discusses the way in which progress in the field of AI has allowed for the improvement of the means that humans use to interact with machines and those that machines use, in turn, to analyze semantics and provide meaningful responses in context. Part III “Intelligent Applications in eHealth” focuses on the way that intelligence can be incorporated into medical data processing, thus al- lowing for the provision of enhanced medical services. Part IV “Real world AI applica- vi tions in Computer Engineering” concludes the book with references to new and emerg- ing applications of computational intelligence in real life problems. Finally, all four editors are indebted to the authors who have contributed chapters on their respective fields of expertise and worked hard in order for deadlines to be met and for the overall book to be meaningful and coherent. Ilias Maglogiannis, Kostas Karpouzis, Manolis Wallace, John Soldatos May 2007, Athens vii Contents Preface v Ilias Maglogiannis, Kostas Karpouzis, Manolis Wallace andJohn Soldatos Part I: General Purpose Applications of AI 1 Manolis Wallace Supervised Machine Learning: A Review of Classification Techniques 3 S.B. Kotsiantis Dimension Reduction and Data Visualization Using Neural Networks 25 Gintautas Dzemyda, Olga Kurasova and Viktor Medvedev Recommender System Technologies Based on Argumentation 50 Carlos Iván Chesñevar, Ana Gabriela Maguitman and Guillermo Ricardo Simari Knowledge Modelling Using UML Profile for Knowledge-Based Systems Development 74 Mohd Syazwan Abdullah, Richard Paige, Ian Benest and Chris Kimble A Semantic-Based Navigation Approach for Information Retrieval in the Semantic Web 90 Mourad Ouziri Ontology-Based Management of Pervasive Systems 106 Nikolaos Dimakis, John Soldatos and Lazaros Polymenakos A DIYD (Do It Yourself Design) e-Commerce System for Vehicle Design Based on Ontologies and 3D Visualization 114 Lambros Makris, Nikolaos Karatzoulis and Dimitrios Tzovaras Semantics Enabled Problem Based Brokering of Organizational Knowledge 131 K. Kafentzis, M. Wallace, P. Georgolios, P. Alexopoulos and G. Mentzas Part II: Intelligent Human-Computer Interaction 141 Kostas Karpouzis High-Level Concept Detection in Video Using a Region Thesaurus 143 Evaggelos Spyrou and Yannis Avrithis An Integrated Approach Towards Intelligent Educational Content Adaptation 154 Phivos Mylonas, Paraskevi Tzouveli and Stefanos Kollias viii A Collaborative Filtering Approach to Personalized Interactive Entertainment Using MPEG-21 173 Phivos Mylonas, Giorgos Andreou and Kostas Karpouzis Part III: Intelligent Applications in eHealth 193 Ilias Maglogiannis Intelligent Processing of Medical Images in the Wavelet Domain 195 Lena Costaridou, Spyros Skiadopoulos, Philippos Sakellaropoulos and George Panayiotakis Automated Pressure Ulcer Lesion Diagnosis: An Initial Study 214 Dimitrios I. Kosmopoulos and Fotini L. Tzevelekou Reviewing State of the Art AI Systems for Skin Cancer Diagnosis 227 Ilias Maglogiannis and Charalampos Doukas Fuzzy Systems in Biomedicine 245 Georgios Dounias Interpretation of Gene Expression Microarray Experiments 271 Aristotelis Chatziioannou and Panagiotis Moulos Part IV: Real World AI Applications in Computer Engineering 291 John Soldatos Using Artificial Intelligence for Intrusion Detection 295 François Gagnon and Babak Esfandiari A Classifier Ensemble Approach to Intrusion Detection for Network-Initiated Attacks 307 Stefanos Koutsoutos, Ioannis T. Christou and Sofoklis Efremidis Prediction Models of an Indoor Smart Antenna System Using Artificial Neural Networks 320 Nektarios Moraitis and Demosthenes Vouyioukas Interoperable Cross Media Content and DRM for Multichannel Distribution 330 Pierfrancesco Bellini, Ivan Bruno, Paolo Nesi, Davide Rogai and Paolo Vaccari Video Watermarking and Benchmarking 341 Sofia Tsekeridou Portrait Identification in Digitized Paintings on the Basis of a Face Detection System 351 Christos-Nikolaos Anagnostopoulos, Ioannis Anagnostopoulos, I. Maglogiannis and D. Vergados Where and Who? Person Tracking and Recognition System 361 Aristodemos Pnevmatikakis ix Context Awareness Triggered by Multiple Perceptual Analyzers 371 Josep R. Casas and Joachim Neumann Robotic Sensor Networks: An Application to Monitoring Electro-Magnetic Fields 384 Francesco Amigoni, Giulio Fontana and Stefano Mazzuca Assembling Composite Web Services from Autonomous Components 394 Jyotishman Pathak, Samik Basu and Vasant Honavar Author Index 407