Frank Gräbner EMC-Compatible Shielding Magnetic Materials for Shielding - Practical Examples - Device Design EMC-Compatible Shielding Frank Gräbner EMC-Compatible Shielding Magnetic Materials for Shielding - Practical Examples - Device Design FrankGräbner Nordhausen,Germany ISBN978-3-658-33188-7 ISBN978-3-658-33189-4 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-33189-4 This book is a translation of the original German edition „EMV-gerechte Schirmung“ by Gräbner, Frank, publishedbySpringerFachmedienWiesbadenGmbHin2016.Thetranslationwasdonewiththehelpofartificial intelligence(machinetranslationbytheserviceDeepL.com).Asubsequenthumanrevisionwasdoneprimarilyin termsofcontent,sothatthebookwillreadstylisticallydifferentlyfromaconventionaltranslation.SpringerNature workscontinuouslytofurtherthedevelopmentoftoolsfortheproductionofbooksandontherelatedtechnologies tosupporttheauthors. #SpringerFachmedienWiesbadenGmbH,partofSpringerNature2021 Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsarereservedbythePublisher,whetherthewholeorpartofthematerial is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproductiononmicrofilmsorinanyotherphysicalway,andtransmissionorinformationstorageandretrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. Theuseofgeneraldescriptivenames,registerednames,trademarks,servicemarks,etc.inthispublicationdoesnot imply,evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesareexemptfromtherelevantprotectivelaws andregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse. Thepublisher,theauthors,andtheeditorsaresafetoassumethattheadviceandinformationinthisbookare believedtobetrueandaccurateatthedateofpublication.Neitherthepublishernortheauthorsortheeditorsgivea warranty,expressedorimplied,withrespecttothematerialcontainedhereinorforanyerrorsoromissionsthat mayhavebeenmade.Thepublisherremainsneutralwithregardtojurisdictionalclaimsinpublishedmapsand institutionalaffiliations. ThisSpringerimprintispublishedbytheregisteredcompanySpringerFachmedienWiesbadenGmbHpartof SpringerNature. Theregisteredcompanyaddressis:Abraham-Lincoln-Str.46,65189Wiesbaden,Germany Preface to the Third Edition ThecurrentdevelopmentsinthefieldofEMCandshieldingusingmagneticmaterialsare the main reason for the third edition of this book. On the one hand, the EMC standards worldisinastateofupheaval.Thismeansthatmoreandmorestandardstakeintoaccount thehighersourcefrequenciesandpushtheupperfrequencylimitabove3GHz.Incontrast to these technical conditions and the existing ferrite interference suppression materials (whichdonotcorrespondtothesenewfrequencyranges),therearehardlyanynewEMC magnetic materials available on the market. New EMC ferrites of hexagonal crystal systemstakethesenewrequirementsintoaccount.Thesehexagonalmaterialsarepresented inthechapter“EMCfutureferrites—hexagonalvolumematerials.” Furthershieldingrulesarealsolistedintheappendixofthebook. Asinthefirstandsecondeditionsofthebook,theeditorialofficeTechnikofSpringer Vieweg Verlag—represented by Mrs. Broßler and Mr. Dapper—and the design office Fromm—represented by Mrs. Fromm—have strongly influenced the development of this bookandsupportedtheauthorverymuchinitselaboration.Wewouldliketoexpressour sincerethanksforthis. Nordhausen,Germany FrankGräbner October2015 v Preface to the Second Edition The motivation for the second edition is the increasing demand of experts for shielding withtheuseofmagneticmaterials. Thereasonforthisistheupdatesofthegenericstandardsforinterferenceemissionand radiointerferencefieldstrengthinindustrial/residentialareas. The upper frequency limit of 1000 MHz no longer applies. Depending on the internal frequenciesoftheinterferers,anemissionfrequencylimitofmorethan6000MHzcanbe assumed. This regulation announces a need for new shielding concepts, which are presented in thisbookbymeansofpracticalexamples. Moreover, a new chapter “Shielding formulas” in the appendix adds an important contributiontothebook. Thiscollectionofformulasisintendedtointroducethe“quickreader”tothebasicsof thevariousshieldingeffectsinacondensedform. TheauthorwouldespeciallyliketothankthemediadesignofficeFrommfromSelters/ Taunusforhelpingwiththebook. Nordhausen,Germany FrankGräbner October2012 vii Preface to the First Edition The main aim of this book is to show how newly developed materials can improve shielding. The engineer of the next decades will be given the opportunity to use the developed method of a novel EMC shielding philosophy by using absorber materials, consisting of volumematerialsornanomaterials,tofacilitatetheEMCworkbysimpleshieldingrules. Thephysicalprinciplesofthesematerialsarenotnew,buthavebeendiscussedfroma differentangle. Intimesofveryfastintroductionofnewtechnologiesandseeminglyunlimitedtechnical possibilities, the developer of devices and systems is under pressure to understand the complexEMCcouplingpathsandtosuppressadeviceveryquickly.Thisbookiswritten forthese“long-suffering”expertsanditshouldmakeyourworkalittleeasier. Many of the tasks and solutions have been developed by evaluating practical experiments and research projects. This is due to many research groups, such as the InstituteIMGNordhausen,theCompetenceCentreBRUNELIMGGmbH,andHörmann IMG GmbH (Mr. Hungsberg, Mr. Kallmeyer, Mr. Hildenbrandt, and Mr. Hesse) in Nordhausen, the Ilmenau University of Technology (Mr. Prof. Dr. Dr. Knedlik, Dr. Teichert from the Department of Materials in Electrical Engineering), the University of Telecommunications Leipzig, the former HITK Hermsdorf (Ms. Pawlowski), and the colleaguesfromtheTITKRudolstadt(Mr.PflugandMr.Dr.Schrödner). Nordhausen,Germany FrankGräbner March2011 ix Symbols and Abbreviations LatinLetters ! A,A Vector,RMSvalue A Especiallysurface A Tensor a Gratingconstant ! B,B Magneticfluxdensity,effectivevalue c SpeedofLight ! D Electricfluxdensity D Particlesize,crystallite di Thicknessofthematerial d Penetrationdepth dsi Layerthickness d Networkleveldistance ! E Electricfieldstrength E Energy !ex, !ey, !ez Unitvectors f Frequency ! H, H Magneticfieldstrength,effectivevalue ΔH HalfwidthoftheFMR ! H!z0 Averagemagneticfieldstrengthcomponentinthez-direction H Staticpre-magnetizingfieldstrength !0 H Anisotropicfieldstrength a I Electriccurrent ! J Currentdensity ! k Wavenumber,k ¼k0(cid:2)jk00 K Anisotropyconstant,total u m Ground ! M Vectorofmagnetization ! M Saturationmagnetization 0 M Magneticconstant 0 xi xii SymbolsandAbbreviations S Surface ! S Spinvector S ,S ,S ,S Complexscatteringmatrixelements 11 12 22 21 T Temperature t Time U Realfunction U Scalar(any) V Volume x Degreeofinversion Z Sheetresistance Z Impedance Z Fieldcharacteristicimpedanceofair 0 GreekLetters α Dampingconstantofrelaxation β Phaseconstant γ Dampingconstantelectromagneticfield γ Gyrotropyconstant 0 γ Inversionconstant 0 γ Propagationconstant a Δ Generaldifference ε Permittivity ε Dielectricconstant 0 ε Relativepermittivity r μ Permeability μ Relativepermeability r κ Electricalconductance λ Wavelength μ DrillMagneton B ρ Surfacechargedensity τ Relaxationtimeconstant χ Magneticsusceptibility ω Naturalfrequencyoftherecessionmovementofthemagnetizationvector 0 ω Naturalfrequencyofthesaturationmagnetizationvector m Abbreviations AC Alternatingcurrent CISPR InternationalCommitteeforRadioElectronics CRAM CurrentlessRadiationAbsorptionMaterial DC Directcurrent EMC EnglishabbreviationforEMV EMI Electromagneticemission SymbolsandAbbreviations xiii EMS Electromagneticimmunity EMC Electromagneticcompatibility EN EuropeanNorm ESD Electrostaticdischarge FFT FastFourierTransformation FMR Ferromagneticresonance HCP Horizontalcouplingplate RF Radiofrequency IEC Internationalstandard MOM Momentmatrixmethod PFC Powerfactorcorrection RAM RadiationAbsorptionMaterial TLM Transmissionlinematrixmethod UMTS UniversalMobileTelecommunicationsSystem VDE AssociationofGermanElectricalEngineers