www.it-ebooks.info www.it-ebooks.info Electronics 3rd Edition www.it-ebooks.info www.it-ebooks.info Electronics 3rd Edition by Cathleen Shamieh www.it-ebooks.info Electronics For Dummies®, 3rd Edition Published by: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030‐5774, www.wiley.com Copyright © 2015 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey Published simultaneously in Canada No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning or otherwise, except as permit- ted under Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without the prior written permis- sion of the Publisher. Requests to the Publisher for permission should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, (201) 748‐6011, fax (201) 748‐6008, or online at http://www.wiley.com/go/permissions. 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Library of Congress Control Number: 2015944208 ISBN 978‐1‐119‐11797‐1 (pbk); ISBN 978‐1‐119‐11799‐5 (ebk); ISBN 978‐1‐119‐11798‐8 (ebk) Manufactured in the United States of America 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 www.it-ebooks.info Contents at a Glance Introduction ................................................................ 1 Part I: Fathoming the Fundamentals of Electronics ......... 5 Chapter 1: Introducing You to Electronics .....................................................................7 Chapter 2: Gearing Up to Explore Electronics .............................................................25 Chapter 3: Running Around in Circuits .........................................................................35 Chapter 4: Making Connections .....................................................................................49 Part II: Controlling Current with Components ............... 65 Chapter 5: Meeting Up with Resistance ........................................................................67 Chapter 6: Obeying Ohm’s Law ......................................................................................89 Chapter 7: Getting Charged Up about Capacitors .....................................................105 Chapter 8: Identifying with Inductors .........................................................................131 Chapter 9: Diving into Diodes ......................................................................................147 Chapter 10: Tremendously Talented Transistors......................................................163 Chapter 11: Innovating with Integrated Circuits ........................................................183 Chapter 12: Acquiring Additional Parts ......................................................................215 Part III: Getting Serious about Electronics ................. 237 Chapter 13: Preparing Your Lab and Ensuring Your Safety .....................................239 Chapter 14: Interpreting Schematics ...........................................................................263 Chapter 15: Building Circuits .......................................................................................281 Chapter 16: Mastering Your Multimeter to Measure Circuits ..................................303 Chapter 17: Putting Projects Together .......................................................................325 Part IV: The Part of Tens .......................................... 351 Chapter 18: Ten Ways to Explore Electronics Further .............................................353 Chapter 19: Ten Great Electronics Parts Sources .....................................................357 Glossary .................................................................. 363 Index ...................................................................... 373 www.it-ebooks.info www.it-ebooks.info Table of Contents Introduction .............................................................. 1 About This Book........................................................................................1 Foolish Assumptions ................................................................................2 Icons Used in This Book ...........................................................................3 Beyond the Book .......................................................................................3 Where to Go from Here ............................................................................4 Part I: Fathoming the Fundamentals of Electronics ....... 5 Chapter 1: Introducing You to Electronics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Just What Is Electronics? .........................................................................8 Checking Out Electric Current ................................................................9 Exploring an atom ............................................................................9 Getting a charge out of protons and electrons ..........................11 Identifying conductors and insulators ........................................11 Mobilizing electrons to create current .......................................12 Understanding Voltage ...........................................................................13 Let the force be with you ..............................................................13 Why voltage needs to be different ...............................................14 Putting Electrical Energy to Work .........................................................15 Tapping into electrical energy .....................................................15 Working electrons deliver power ................................................16 Using Circuits to Make Sure Electrons Arrive at Their Destination ............................................................................17 Supplying Electrical Energy ...................................................................18 Getting direct current from a battery .........................................19 Using alternating current from a power plant ...........................20 Transforming light into electricity ..............................................21 Using symbols to represent energy sources ..............................21 Marveling at What Electrons Can Do ....................................................22 Creating good vibrations ..............................................................22 Seeing is believing..........................................................................23 Sensing and alarming ....................................................................23 Controlling motion.........................................................................23 Computing ......................................................................................23 Voice, video, and data communications .....................................24 www.it-ebooks.info viii Electronics For Dummies Chapter 2: Gearing Up to Explore Electronics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 Getting the Tools You Need ...................................................................26 Stocking Up on Essential Supplies ........................................................28 Getting Ready to Rumble .......................................................................32 Using a Solderless Breadboard .............................................................33 Chapter 3: Running Around in Circuits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 Comparing Closed, Open, and Short Circuits......................................35 Understanding Conventional Current Flow .........................................38 Examining a Basic Circuit ......................................................................38 Building the basic LED circuit ......................................................40 Examining voltages ........................................................................42 Measuring current .........................................................................46 Calculating power ..........................................................................47 Chapter 4: Making Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 Creating Series and Parallel Circuits ....................................................49 Series connections .........................................................................50 Parallel connections ......................................................................51 Switching Electric Current On and Off .................................................55 Controlling the action of a switch ...............................................55 Making the right contacts .............................................................56 Creating a Combination Circuit .............................................................58 Switching On the Power .........................................................................61 What Do Circuits Look Like?..................................................................62 Part II: Controlling Current with Components ............. 65 Chapter 5: Meeting Up with Resistance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 Resisting the Flow of Current ................................................................67 Resistors: Passive Yet Powerful ............................................................69 What are resistors used for? ........................................................69 Choosing a type of resistor: Fixed or variable ...........................73 Rating resistors according to power ...........................................80 Combining Resistors ...............................................................................81 Resistors in series ..........................................................................82 Resistors in parallel .......................................................................84 Combining series and parallel resistors .....................................87 www.it-ebooks.info