National Aeronautics and Space Administration A NASA PERSPECTIVE ON ELECTRIC PROPULSION TECHNOLOGIES FOR COMMERCIAL AVIATION Nateri Madavan and James Heidmann,, Cheryl Bowman, Peter Kascak Amy Jankovsky, and Ralph Jansen Advanced Air Transport Technology Project NASA Advanced Air Vehicles Program Workshop on Technology Roadmap for Large Electric Machines University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign April 5-6, 2016 National Aeronautics and Space Administration 1 Background Advanced Air Transport Technology Project Advanced Air Vehicles Program 2 NASA Aeronautics Vision for the 21st Century TRANSFORMATIVE A revolution in sustainable global air mobility On Demand Fast SUSTAINABLE Low Carbon Intelligent GLOBAL Safety, NextGen Efficiency, Environment Advanced Air Transport Technology Project Advanced Air Vehicles Program 3 Aviation’s Grand Challenge By 2050, substantially reduce emissions of carbon and oxides of nitrogen and contain objectionable noise within the airport boundary t n e s m n o e i v s o s r mi p m E I Additional Technology Advancement 2 h O and Low Carbon Fuels t C Carbon overlap i W Carbon neutral growth Advanced Air Transport Technology Project Advanced Air Vehicles Program 4 Advanced Air Transport Technology Project Explore and Develop Technologies and Concepts for Improved Energy Efficiency and Environmental Compatibility for Fixed Wing Subsonic Transports § Early stage exploration and initial development of game-changing technologies and concepts § Commercial focus, but dual use with military § Gen N+3 time horizon § Research aligned with two NASA Aeronautics strategic R&T thrusts § Research vision guided by vehicle performance metrics developed for reducing noise, emissions, and fuel burn Evolution of Subsonic Transports Transports DC-3 B-707 B-787 Advanced Air Transport Technology Project Advance1d 9A0ir 3Vehicles Program 1930s 1950s 2000s 5 Fuel Consumption by Aircraft Size Class 40% of fuel use is in 150-210 pax large single aisle class 87% of fuel use is in small single-aisle and larger classes ( >100 pax) 13% of fuel use is in regional jet and turboprop classes Advanced Air Transport Technology Project Analysis based on FAA US operations data provided by Holger Pfaender of Georgia Tech Advanced Air Vehicles Program 6 Hybrid-electric propulsion for commercial aviation Advanced Air Transport Technology Project Advanced Air Vehicles Program 7 The Case for Hybrid Electric Propulsion • Lower emissions, lower noise, better energy conservation, and more reliable systems • Considerable success in development of “all-electric” light GA aircraft and UAVs • Advanced concept studies commissioned by NASA for the N+3/N+4 generation have identified promising aircraft and propulsion systems • Industry roadmaps acknowledge need to shift to electric technologies • Creative ideas and technology advances needed to exploit full potential • NASA can help accelerate key technologies in collaboration with other government agencies, industry, and academia Advanced Air Transport Technology Project Advanced Air Vehicles Program 8 Four Cardinal Electric Propulsion Architectures All Electric Turboelectric Motor Battery Turboshaft Motor(s) Electric Bus Electric Bus Distributed Fans Generator Fuel 1 to Many Fans Motor Parallel Hybrid Series Hybrid Motor Electric Bus Turbofan Turboshaft Electric Bus Distributed Fans Generator Motor Battery Fuel Fan Battery Motor Fuel Advanced Air Transport Technology Project Advanced Air Vehicles Program 9 Hybrid Electric Propulsion Enables Wide Range of Configuration Options Boundary Layer Ingestion: Allows Wing Tip Propulsors: Allows propulsion systems to energize boundary energization of wing tip vortices without layers without distorted flow entering penalty of small turbomachinery turbine core Common Technology Requirement: Increased efficiency and specific power in electric drive systems, thermal management systems, power extraction, and/or energy storage Lower Carbon Designs: Reduce Distributed Propulsion: Allows combustion-based propulsive power effective increase in fan by-pass ratio (and emissions) using electric motors through distributed propulsors and/or on-board “clean” energy storage Advanced Air Transport Technology Project Advanced Air Vehicles Program 10