Rajesh Prasad Rastogi   Editor Ecophysiology and Biochemistry of Cyanobacteria Ecophysiology and Biochemistry of Cyanobacteria Rajesh Prasad Rastogi Editor Ecophysiology and Biochemistry of Cyanobacteria Editor RajeshPrasadRastogi MinistryofEnvironment,Forestand ClimateChange NewDelhi,Delhi,India ISBN978-981-16-4872-4 ISBN978-981-16-4873-1 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-4873-1 #TheEditor(s)(ifapplicable)andTheAuthor(s),underexclusivelicensetoSpringerNatureSingapore PteLtd.2021 Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsaresolelyandexclusivelylicensedbythePublisher,whether thewholeorpartofthematerialisconcerned,specificallytherightsoftranslation,reprinting,reuseof illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similarordissimilarmethodologynowknownorhereafterdeveloped. Theuseofgeneraldescriptivenames,registerednames,trademarks,servicemarks,etc.inthispublication doesnotimply,evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesareexemptfromtherelevant protectivelawsandregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse. The publisher, the authors, and the editorsare safeto assume that the adviceand informationin this bookarebelievedtobetrueandaccurateatthedateofpublication.Neitherthepublishernortheauthorsor theeditorsgiveawarranty,expressedorimplied,withrespecttothematerialcontainedhereinorforany errorsoromissionsthatmayhavebeenmade.Thepublisherremainsneutralwithregardtojurisdictional claimsinpublishedmapsandinstitutionalaffiliations. ThisSpringerimprintispublishedbytheregisteredcompanySpringerNatureSingaporePteLtd. The registered company address is: 152 Beach Road, #21-01/04 Gateway East, Singapore 189721, Singapore Preface Cyanobacteria arethemost dominant prokaryoticfloras onthe Earth’s surface and are of great importance in terms of ecological, economical and evolutionary perspectives. They are oldest groups of photosynthetic autotrophs, which create oxygenic atmosphere for the development and sustainability of ecosystems with differentlifeforms.Recently,cyanobacteriahavebeenemployedinspaceresearch, bioremediation,aswellasanefficientsourceofecofriendlyandalternativesourceof renewable energy in connection with photosynthesis—the most important life- supportingbiologicalphenomenaoftheplanet. This book emphasizes and establishes the emerging information on ecophysiol- ogyandbiochemistryofcyanobacteriawithspecialemphasisontheirbiodiversity, molecular mechanisms of some important biological processes and survival mechanisms under myriad of environmental conditions as well as bioremediation. Alsoincludedisanintegrativeapproachtotheirpossiblebiotechnological applica- tion in the field of bioenergy and various aspects of biochemistry, biophysics and structuralbiologyofphotosynthesis. This book has attempted to span the depth of cyanobacterial biology from the perspectiveofitsbasicecophysiologyandbiochemistrystartingwithmoregeneral information about cyanobacteria such as evolution, distribution, taxonomy and photosynthesisinChaps.1–3.Chapters4–7focusontheimpactsofenvironmental stress on physiology and biochemistry of cyanobacteria along with UV stress response and molecular mechanisms of stress tolerance in cyanobacteria. Chapter 8 presents an overview on stress proteins and signal transduction in cyanobacteria, whereas Chapter 9 focuses on molecular chaperones and their involvementinmaintainingthecellularproteinhomeostasisundernormalandstress conditions. Chapters 10 and 11 describe the chromatic acclimation in response to light quality and phenomenon of allelopathy in cyanobacteria, respectively. In Chapter 12, assembly of nitrogen-fixing machinery and role of key enzymes in nitrogen metabolism of cyanobacteria have been discussed. Chapters 13 and 14 address cyanobacteria-based phycoremediation for effective removal of numerous pollutants from waste effluents. Chapters 15–20 all deal with biochemistry of cyanobacteria uncovering their potential applications towards biotechnological values.Chapter 15discusses antioxidant,anti-ageingandneuroprotective potential ofvariouscyanobacterialbiomolecules,whileChapter16describestheengineering v vi Preface challengesofcarbondioxidecaptureandsequestrationbycyanobacteriatoreacha better and greener world. Chapter 17 reviews the significant development and the recent progress in engineering cyanobacteria for photosynthetic production of sucrose and sucrose-synthesis mechanisms. Chapters 18–20 highlight the concept ofcyanobacterialbio-refineriesforfuturebio-energy/bio-fueldemand. Ibelievethatthisbookwillbehelpfultoagreatextentfortheacademiciansand researchers in the field of cyanobacterial research. Certainly, the contents incorporated in this book can be used as a textbook by undergraduate and post- graduatestudents,teachersandresearchersinthemostinterestingfieldsofphysico- chemicalecologyandbiochemistryofcyanobacteria. ItisverysadtomentionherethatMr.MukeshGhanshyamChaubey,firstauthor oftheBookChapter15passedawayon23rdNovember,2020duetoCovid-19.We praythathissoulrestsinpeaceandmayGodgiveenoughstrengthtothebereaved familytobeartheirreparableloss. I am highly thankful to all the peer-reviewers for their thoughtful assistance in reviewingthemanuscripts.IthankDr.MadhurimaKahali,Editor(Book),Springer, India,forherassistanceinseeingitthroughtocompletion.Iamsincerelygratefulto theentireteamofSpringerNatureforthecoordination,supportandimplementation of this book project. Last but not least, I express my sincere gratitude to all the authorsfortheirkindcollaborationandscientificcontributionstowardscompletion ofthisbooksuccessfully. NewDelhi,Delhi,India RajeshP.Rastogi January2021 Contents 1 EvolutionandDistributionofCyanobacteria. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 JainendraPathak,PrashantR.Singh,RajeshwarP.Sinha, andRajeshP.Rastogi 2 PolyphasicApproachandCyanobacterialTaxonomy:Some PerspectivesandCaseStudies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 AniketSaraf,HimanshuG.Dawda,andPrashantSingh 3 PhotosynthesisandEnergyFlowinCyanobacteria. . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 SanjeshTiwari,AnuradhaPatel,NeerajPandey,GarimaSingh, AparnaPandey,andSheoMohanPrasad 4 ImpactsofEnvironmentalStressonPhysiologyandBiochemistry ofCyanobacteria. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 AparnaPandey,GarimaSingh,NeerajPandey,AnuradhaPatel, SanjeshTiwari,andSheoMohanPrasad 5 PhotosynthesisUnderAbioticStress. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 KingaKłodawska 6 UVStressResponsesinCyanobacteria. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107 DonatP.HäderandRajeshP.Rastogi 7 MolecularMechanismsofStressToleranceinCyanobacteria. . . . . 131 NedeljkaRosic 8 StressProteinsandSignalTransductioninCyanobacteria. . . . . . . 155 RuchiRai,KrishnaKumarRai,ShilpiSingh,AlkaRaj,andL.C.Rai 9 EvolutionandDiversificationoftheGroEL/Chaperonin ParalogsinCyanobacteria. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181 HitoshiNakamoto 10 ChromaticAcclimationinCyanobacteria:Photomorphogenesis inResponsetoLightQuality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209 PankajK.Maurya,VinodKumar,SoumilaMondal, andShailendraP.Singh vviiii viii Contents 11 PhenomenonofAllelopathyinCyanobacteria. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225 SylwiaŚliwińska-Wilczewska,KingaA.Wiśniewska, GracjanaBudzałek,andZofiaKonarzewska 12 NitrogenMetabolisminCyanobacteria. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255 KunalSeth,GeetanjaliKumawat,MukeshKumar, VishambharSangela,NitikaSingh,AmitKumarGupta,andHarish 13 PhycoremediationofWastewater. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269 SimranjeetSingh,VijayKumar,ShwetaShekar,DhritiKapoor, DeepikaBhatia,DaljeetSinghDhanjal,PraveenC.Ramamurthy, andJoginderSingh 14 EnvironmentalResilienceandCircularAgronomyUsing CyanobacteriaGrowninWastewaterandSupplemented withIndustrialFlueGasMitigation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 291 VivekDalvi,KrutikaPatil,HarshitaNigam,RahulJain,SunilPabbi, andAnushreeMalik 15 Antioxidant,Anti-agingandAnti-neurodegenerative BiomoleculesfromCyanobacteria. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 327 MukeshGhanshyamChaubey,StutiNareshkumarPatel, RaviR.Sonani,NirajKumarSingh,RajeshPrasadRastogi, andDattaMadamwar 16 EngineeringChallengesofCarbonDioxideCaptureand SequestrationbyCyanobacteria. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 351 AlexanderDimitrovKroumov,MayaMargaritovaZaharieva, FabianoBisinellaScheufele,VesselaBalabanova, andHristoNajdenski 17 EngineeringCyanobacteriaCellFactoriesforPhotosynthetic ProductionofSucrose. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 373 ShanshanZhang,HuiliSun,JiahuiSun,QuanLuo,GuodongLuan, andXuefengLu 18 OptimalBiomassProductionbyCyanobacteria,Mathematical Evaluation,andImprovementsintheLightofBiorefinery Concept. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 401 AlexanderDimitrovKroumov,FabianoBisinellaScheufele, MayaMargaritovaZaharieva,DimitrinaZheleva-Dimitrova, andHristoNajdenski Contents ix 19 CyanobacteriaasRenewableSourcesofBioenergy (Biohydrogen,Bioethanol,andBio-OilProduction). . . . . . . . . . . . . 431 RamachandranSivaramakrishnanandAranIncharoensakdi 20 CyanobacteriaasaCompetingSourceofBioenergy:Metabolic EngineeringandModelingApproachforMediumOptimization. . . 455 AlexanderDimitrovKroumov,FabianoBisinellaScheufele, MayaMargaritovaZaharieva,RenetaGevrenova, andHristoNajdenski Editor and Contributors About the Editor Rajesh Prasad Rastogi is a scientist in the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, New Delhi, India. He completed his Ph. D. in Botany at Banaras HinduUniversity,Varanasi,India.Dr.Rastogiistherecipientofsomenationaland international awards andfellowships.He was a visiting scientistatFriedrichAlex- ander University, Nuremberg, Germany, and served as a visiting professor of biochemistry at Chulalongkorn University, Thailand. His major research areas are freshwater or marine algae and cyanobacterial ecology and biotechnology, plant physiology,photochemistryandphotobiologyandstressbiology.Hehaspublished a number of research papers in journals of international repute and several book chapters and books, having more than 4000 citations with 32 h-index and 57i10-index.Heisservingaseditorialboardmemberofsomenationalandinterna- tionaljournalsandislifememberofseveralscientificorganizations. Contributors VesselaBalabanova DepartmentofPharmacognosy,FacultyofPharmacy,Medi- calUniversityofSofia,Sofia,Bulgaria Deepika Bhatia Department of Biotechnology and Medical Sciences, Baba Farid College,Bathinda,Punjab,India Gracjana Budzałek Division of Marine Ecosystems Functioning, Institute of Oceanography,UniversityofGdańsk,Gdynia,Poland Mukesh Ghanshyam Chaubey Shri A. N. Patel P. G. Institute of Science and Research,Anand,Gujarat,India Vivek Dalvi Applied Microbiology Laboratory, Center for Rural Development & Technology,IndianInstituteofTechnology,Delhi,HauzKhas,NewDelhi,India HimanshuG.Dawda RamniranjanJhunjhunwalaCollege,Mumbai,India xxii