RT3455_Half_Title 1/11/05 3:19 PM Page 1 Economic Justice and Democracy RT3455_C00a_i-xii 1/19/05 9:10 AM Page ii Paths for the 21st Century edited by Marcus Raskin The Business of America: How Consumers Have Replaced Citizens and How We Can Reverse the Trend Saul Landau The American Ideology: A Critique Andrew Levine RT3455_Title 1/11/05 3:11 PM Page 1 Economic Justice and Democracy From Competition to Cooperation Robin Hahnel RT3455_C00a_i-xii 1/19/05 9:10 AM Page iv Published in 2005 by Published in Great Britain by Routledge Routledge Taylor & Francis Group Taylor & Francis Group 270 Madison Avenue 2 Park Square New York, NY 10016 Milton Park, Abingdon Oxon OX14 4RN © 2005 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC Routledge is an imprint ofTaylor &Francis Group Printed in the United States ofAmerica on acid-free paper 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 International Standard Book Number-10: 0-415-93344-7 (hardcover) 0-415-93345-5 (softcover) International Standard Book Number-13: 978-0-415-93344-5 (hardcover) 978-0-415-93345-2 (softcover) Nopartofthisbookmaybereprinted, reproduced, transmitted, orutilizedinanyformbyanyelectronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying, microfilming, and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system,without written permission from the publishers. Trademark Notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks,and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Catalog record is available from the Library ofCongress Visit the Taylor &Francis Web site at http://www.taylorandfrancis.com Taylor&FrancisGroup and the Routledge Web site at istheAcademicDivisionofT&FInformaplc. http://www.routledge-ny.com RT3455_C00a_i-xii 1/19/05 9:10 AM Page v This book is dedicated to my children: Jesse, Ilana, Sara, Tanya, Dylan, and Aidan RT3455_C00a_i-xii 1/19/05 9:10 AM Page vi RT3455_C00a_i-xii 1/19/05 9:10 AM Page vii Contents Editor’s Preface ix Marcus Raskin Acknowledgments xi Introduction 1 Part I. Economic Justice and Democracy 1 Economic Justice 15 2 Economic Democracy 45 3 Debilitating Myths 57 Part II. Rethinking Our Past 4 Neither Capitalism Nor Communism 75 5 Social Democracy: Losing the Faith 107 6 Libertarian Socialism: What Went Wrong? 137 Postscript: In Defense of Libertarian Socialism 158 Noam Chomsky Part III. What Do We Want? 7 Postcapitalist Visions 165 8 Participatory Economics 187 9 Legitimate Concerns 215 RT3455_C00a_i-xii 1/19/05 9:10 AM Page viii Part IV. From Competition and Greed to Equitable Cooperation 10 From Here to There: Taking Stock 253 11 Economic Reform Campaigns 261 12 Economic Reform Movements 295 13 Experiments in Equitable Cooperation 339 14 Conclusion 375 Notes 387 Index 407 RT3455_C00a_i-xii 1/19/05 9:10 AM Page ix Series Editor’s Preface The aim ofthe Paths for the 21st Centuryseries is to encourage new ways of looking at problems, to foster practical approaches to longstanding problems, and to promote the knowledge capable ofpositively influencing people’s everyday lives. The books in this series are intended to give the powerless a greater role in the discourse that strengthens communities without creating barriers between these communities. Toward this end, the “Paths” Project seeks out new ways for future generations to evade the pitfalls of the twentieth century while fostering a spirit of liberation that focuses on dignity and decency for all people. The Paths Project acknowledges three contending approaches to the use and function of knowledge. The first views knowledge and inquiry as primarily in the service of domination, control, and manipulation of others.This form ofknowledge most often results in blind, unquestioning, and dogmatic faith.The second approach focuses on knowledge as merely utilitarian with an ever increasing focus on technical specializations and subspecialization. It assumes a specific cause and solution to a given problem, and pays insufficient attention to the aims and values to which knowledge is ultimately subservient. It is the third approach that I take as the basis for the Paths Projects. This approach assumes that knowledge and inquiry are directed toward liberation rather than control, seeking to understand the relationships between institutions, systems, problems, and, most importantly, values. This approach ultimately fosters greater democratic discourse and a more progressive social reconstruction. The Paths Project presumes that this