EEaassyy iiddeennttiiffiiccaattiioonn of the most common FFRREESSHHWWAATTEERR AALLGGAAEE Aguide for the identification of microscopic algae in South African freshwaters May 2006 Sanet Janse van Vuuren Jonathan Taylor Carin van Ginkel Annelise Gerber1 2 Easy identification of the most common FRESHWATER ALGAE Aguide for the identification of microscopic algae in South African freshwaters Sanet Janse van Vuuren Jonathan Taylor Carin van Ginkel Annelise Gerber May 2006 3 EASY IDENTIFICATION OF THE MOST COMMON FRESHWATER ALGAE by Sanet Janse van Vuuren, Jonathan Taylor, Carin van Ginkel, Annelise Gerber Copyright 2005 North-West University and Department of Water Affairs and Forestry. Reproduction of any part of this work without permission of both the copyright owners is unlawfull. ISBN 0-621-35471-6 This publication is available from: Director: Resource Quality Services (RQS) Private Bag X313 Pretoria 0001 Tel 012 808 9500 School of Environmental Sciences and Development: Botany North-West University (Potchefstroom Campus) Private Bag X6001 Potchefstroom 2520 Tel. 018 2992514 4 Algal scum on Roodeplaat Dam 5 Task team Sanet Janse van Vuuren: North-West University, Potchefstroom. Jonathan Taylor: North-West University, Potchefstroom. Carin van Ginkel: Resource Quality Services, Pretoria. Design and layout Annelise Gerber: Resource Quality Services, Pretoria Text Sanet Janse van Vuuren: North-West University, Potchefstroom. Jonathan Taylor: North-West University, Potchefstroom. Text Review Brendan Hohls: Resource Quality Services, Pretoria Photographs Sanet Janse van Vuuren Anatoly Levanets Jonathan Taylor G P Kriel 6 Contents Page Introduction 11 Cyanophyta 17 Anabaena Bory ex Bornet et Flahault 18 Arthrospira Stizenberger ex Gomont 20 Cylindrospermopsis Seenayya et Subba Raju 24 LyngbyaAgard ex Gomont 26 Merismopedia Meyen 28 Microcystis Kützing ex Lemmermann 30 Oscillatoria Vaucher ex Gomont 34 Chrysophyta 37 Dinobryon Ehrenberg 38 Mallomonas Perty 40 Synura Ehrenberg 42 Bacillariophyta 45 Achnanthidium Kützing 46 Amphipleura Kützing 48 Asterionella Hassall 50 AulacoseiraThwaites 52 Cocconeis Ehrenberg 54 Craticula Grunow 56 Cyclotella Kützing ex Brébisson 58 Cymatopleura W. Smith 60 CymbellaAgardh 62 Diadesmis Kützing 64 Diatoma Bory 66 Eunotia Ehrenberg 68 Fragilaria Lyngbye 70 Gomphonema Ehrenberg 72 Gyrosigma Hassall 74 MelosiraAgardh 76 Navicula Bory 78 Nitzschia Hassall 80 Pinnularia Ehrenberg 82 Pleurosigma W. Smith 84 Rhopalodia Müller 86 7 Bacillariophyta continue Stephanodiscus Ehrenberg 88 SurirellaTurpin 90 Synedra Ehrenberg 92 Tabellaria Ehrenberg 94 Cryptophyta 97 Cryptomonas Ehrenberg 98 Rhodomonas Karsten 100 Dinophyta 103 Ceratium Schrank 104 Peridinium Ehrenberg 106 Sphaerodinium Woloszynska 108 Euglenophyta 111 Euglena Ehrenberg 112 Phacus Dujardin 116 Strombonas Deflandre 118 Trachelomonas Ehrenberg 120 Chlorophyta 123 Actinastrum Lagerheim 124 Ankistrodesmus Corda 126 Ankyra Fott 128 Carteria Diesing 130 Chlamydomonas Ehrenberg 132 Chlorella Beijerinck 134 Chlorogonium Ehrenberg 136 Closterium Nitzsch ex Ralfs 138 Coelastrum Nägeli 140 Cosmarium Corda ex Ralfs 142 Crucigenia Morren 144 Crucigeniella Lemmerman 146 Dictyosphaerium Nägeli 148 Eremosphaera DeBary 150 Euastrum Ehrenberg ex Ralfs 152 Eudorina Ehrenberg ex Ralfs 154 Golenkinia Chodat 156 Kirchneriella Scmidle 158 Lagerheimia Chodat 160 Micractinium Fresenius 162 8 Chlorophyta continue Micrasterias C. Agardh ex Ralfs 164 Monoraphidium Komárková-Legnerová 166 Oedogonium Link 168 Oocystis Braun 170 Pandorina Bory de Saint-Vincent 172 Pediastrum Meyen 174 Scenedesmus Meyen 178 Spirogyra Link 180 Staurastrum Meyen ex Ralfs 182 Stigeoclonium Kützing 184 Tetraedron Kützing 186 Tetrastrum Chodat 188 Treubaria Bernard emend. Reymond 190 Volvox Linnaeus 192 Glossary 194 References 205 Index 207 9 Algal blooms on Roodeplaat Dam Toxic algal blooms on Hartbeespoort Dam 10