Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering Chien Ming Wang Vinh Dao Sritawat Kitipornchai   Editors EASEC16 Proceedings of The 16th East Asian-Pacific Conference on Structural Engineering and Construction, 2019 Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering Volume 101 Series Editors Marco di Prisco, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy Sheng-Hong Chen, School of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China Ioannis Vayas, Institute of Steel Structures, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece SanjayKumarShukla,SchoolofEngineering,EdithCowanUniversity,Joondalup, WA, Australia Anuj Sharma, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA Nagesh Kumar, Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Science Bangalore, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India Chien Ming Wang, School of Civil Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia LectureNotesin Civil Engineering (LNCE) publishes thelatest developmentsin CivilEngineering-quickly,informallyandintopquality.Thoughoriginalresearch reported in proceedings and post-proceedings represents the core of LNCE, edited volumes of exceptionally high quality and interest may also be considered for publication. 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More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/15087 Chien Ming Wang Vinh Dao (cid:129) (cid:129) Sritawat Kitipornchai Editors EASEC16 fi Proceedings of The 16th East Asian-Paci c Conference on Structural Engineering and Construction, 2019 123 Editors ChienMing Wang VinhDao Schoolof Civil Engineering Schoolof Civil Engineering TheUniversity of Queensland TheUniversity of Queensland St.Lucia, QLD,Australia St Lucia, QLD,Australia Sritawat Kitipornchai Schoolof Civil Engineering TheUniversity of Queensland St Lucia, QLD,Australia ISSN 2366-2557 ISSN 2366-2565 (electronic) Lecture Notesin CivilEngineering ISBN978-981-15-8078-9 ISBN978-981-15-8079-6 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-8079-6 ©SpringerNatureSingaporePteLtd.2021 Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsarereservedbythePublisher,whetherthewholeorpart of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission orinformationstorageandretrieval,electronicadaptation,computersoftware,orbysimilarordissimilar methodologynowknownorhereafterdeveloped. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publicationdoesnotimply,evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesareexemptfrom therelevantprotectivelawsandregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the material contained hereinorforanyerrorsoromissionsthatmayhavebeenmade.Thepublisherremainsneutralwithregard tojurisdictionalclaimsinpublishedmapsandinstitutionalaffiliations. ThisSpringerimprintispublishedbytheregisteredcompanySpringerNatureSingaporePteLtd. The registered company address is: 152 Beach Road, #21-01/04 Gateway East, Singapore 189721, Singapore EASEC International Steering Committee Chair Emeritus Y. Fujino, Japan H. Okamura, Japan P. Karasudhi, Thailand W. Kanok-Nukulchai, Thailand S. Kitipornchai, Australia Chair Y. B. Yang, Taiwan Deputy Chairs C. M. Wang, Australia T. Ueda, Japan General Secretary A. H. F. Lam, Hong Kong Members Hong Hao, Australia José L. Torero, UK Y. C. Loo, Australia Sai On Cheung, Hong Kong D. Hoedajanto, Japan K. Maekawa, Japan T. Matsumoto, Japan J. Niwa, Japan Y. Okui, Japan H. M. Koh, Korea Jung Sik Kong, Korea v Wan Hamidon, Malaysia Y. Y. Chen, P. R. China L. M. Sun, P. R. China L. P. Yeh, P. R. China L H. Han, P. R. China Jiping Hao, P. R. China T. C. Pan, Singapore Ser Tong Quek, Singapore L. J. Leu, Taiwan C. S. Chen, Taiwan P. Warnitchai, Thailand C. Rojahn, USA G. Chiu, USA N. Hoang, Vietnam fi Members of EASEC16 Scienti c Committee SangHyung Ahn The University of Queensland Faris Albermani Central University of Queensland Hossein Askarinejad ARA Institute of Canterbury Yulei Bai Beijing University of Technology Masuhiro Beppu National Defense Academy Ron Blackwell The University of Queensland Tan-Trung Bui INSA Lyon Donatello Cardone University of Basilicata Chuin-Shan Chen National Taiwan University Jun Chen Tongji University Shujian Chen The University of Queensland Li Chen Southeast University, China Wensu Chen Curtin University Sai On Cheung City University of Hong Kong Kwok-fai Chung The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Jian Cui Tianjin University Arosha Dabarera The University of Queensland Vinh Dao The University of Queensland Luc Dao The University of Danang Youliang Ding Southeast University Jeung-Hwan Doh Griffith University Yuanfeng Duan Zhejiang University Wenhui Duan Monash University Peter Dux The University of Queensland Sheng-En Fang Fuzhou University Kazunori Fujikake National Defense Academy Jian Guo Zhejiang University of Technology Hong Guan Griffth University Hong Hao Curtin University Johnny Ho Guangzhou University H. C. Ho The Hong Kong Polytechnic University vii viii MembersofEASEC16ScientificCommittee Chao Hou Southern Uni. of Science and Technology Y. F. Hu The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Jun Hu The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Chang-Wei Huang Chung Yuan Christian University Yimiao Huang The University of Western Australia Shao-Fei Jiang Fuzhou University Chul-Woo Kim Kyoto University Sritawat Kitipornchai The University of Queensland Qingzhao Kong Curtin University Paul H. F. Lam City University of Hong Kong Ying Lei Xiamen University Dongsheng Li Shantou University Hong-Nan Li Dalian University of Technology Xin Li Najing University Jingde Li Curtin University Jun Li Curtin University Jun Li University of Technology Sydney W. Liao National Taipei University of Technology Xuemei Liu The University of Melbourne Zhongrong Lu Sun Yat-sen University Yaozhi Luo Zhejiang University Guowei M. A. Hebei University of Technology Matthew Mason The University of Queensland Qingfei Meng University of Technology Sydney Azrul A. Mutalib Universiti Kebangsaan C. T. Ng University of Adelaide Thuan Nguyen The University of Queensland Xin Nie Tsinghua University Changye Ni NUAA, China Yan-Chun Ni Tongji University Junichiro Niwa Tokyo Institute of Technology Lisa Ottenhaus The University of Queensland Weiping Peng Zhejiang University of Technology Thong Pham Curtin University Kai Qian Guangxi University Gianluca Ranzi The University of Sydney Bijan Samali Western Sydney University Gangbing Song University of Houston Selcuk Saatci Izmir Institute of Technology Jihao Shi China University of Petroleum Yanyan Sha University of Stavanger Jun Teng Harbin University of Technology (Shenzhen) Phuong J. Tran RMIT University Chien-Kai Wang Tamkang University Chien Ming Wang The University of Queensland MembersofEASEC16ScientificCommittee ix Dansheng Wang Huazhong Uni. of Science and Technology Hao Wang Southeast University Weiqiang Wang University of Technology Sydney Shun Weng Huazhong Uni. of Science and Technology Peter Wong RMIT University Jun Wu Shanghai University of Engineering Science Yong Xia Hong Kong Polytechnic University Weifang Xiao University of the Bundeswehr Munich Xinmei Xiang Guangzhou University, China Xian Xu Zhejiang University Qiushi Yan Beijing University of Technology Jia-Hua Yang Tongji University Guotao Yang Qingdao University of Technology Xiao-Wei Ye Zhejiang University Ting-Hua Yi Dalian University of Technology Kenneth T. W. Yiu Massey University Jun Yu Hohai University, China Chung-Bang Yun Zhejiang University Feng-Liang Zhang Harbin University of Technology (Shenzhen) Jian Zhang Southeast University Lihai Zhang The University of Melbourne Qianhui Zhang Monash University Shishun Zhang Huazhong Uni. of Science and Technology Jianjun Zhang Swinburne University of Technology Xihong Zhang Curtin University Yu Zheng Dongguan University of Technology Hong-Ping Zhu Huazhong Uni. of Science and Technology Xinqun Zhu University of Technology Sydney