Early Greek Poets’ Lives Maarit Kivilo - 978-90-04-19328-4 Downloaded from Brill.com06/02/2020 03:22:43PM via free access Mnemosyne Supplements Monographs on Greek and Roman Language and Literature Editorial Board G.J. Boter A. Chaniotis K.M. Coleman I.J.F. de Jong T. Reinhardt VOLUME 322 Maarit Kivilo - 978-90-04-19328-4 Downloaded from Brill.com06/02/2020 03:22:43PM via free access Early Greek Poets’ Lives Te Shaping of the Tradition By Maarit Kivilo LEIDEN • BOSTON 2010 Maarit Kivilo - 978-90-04-19328-4 Downloaded from Brill.com06/02/2020 03:22:43PM via free access This is an open access title distributed under the terms of the prevailing cc-by-nc License at the time of publication, which permits any non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. An electronic version of this book is freely available, thanks to the support of libraries working with Knowledge Unlatched (KU). KU is a collaborative initiative designed to make high quality content Open Access for the public good. More information about the initiative and links to the Open Access version can be found at www.knowledgeunlatched.org. Tis book is printed on acid-free paper. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Kivilo, Maarit. Early Greek poets' lives : the shaping of the tradition / by Maarit Kivilo. p. cm. – (Mnemosyne supplements : monographs on Greek and Roman language and literature ; 322) Includes bibliographical references. ISBN 978-90-04-18615-6 (hardback : alk. paper) 1. Poets, Greek–Biography–History and criticism. 2. Greek prose literature–History and criticism. 3. Greece–Biography–History and criticism. 4. Classical biography–History and criticism. 5. Hesiod. 6. Stesichorus. 7. Archilochus. 8. Hipponax, f. 540-537 B.C. 9. Terpander. 10. Sappho. I. Title. II. Series. PA3043.K58 2010 881'.0109–dc22 [B] 2010017664 ISSN 0169-8958 ISBN 978 9004 18615 6 Copyright 2010 by Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, Te Netherlands. Koninklijke Brill NV incorporates the imprints Brill, Hotei Publishing, IDC Publishers, Martinus Nijhof Publishers and VSP. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. Brill has made all reasonable eforts to trace all right holders to any copyrighted material used in this work. In cases where these eforts have not been successful the publisher welcomes communications from copyright holders, so that the appropriate acknowledgements can be made in future editions, and to settle other permission matters. Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use is granted by Koninklijke Brill NV provided that the appropriate fees are paid directly to Te Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Suite 910, Danvers, MA 01923, USA. Fees are subject to change. Maarit Kivilo - 978-90-04-19328-4 Downloaded from Brill.com06/02/2020 03:22:43PM via free access CONTENTS Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ix Abbreviations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xi Chapter One. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Chapter Two. Hesiod . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 . Te tradition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 . Origin and family of Hesiod . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 . Genealogies of Hesiod . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 . Hesiod’s life . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 . Te story of Hesiod’s death . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 . Te works of Hesiod and on Hesiod. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 . Te date of Hesiod . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 . Formulaic themes and Orphic/Pythagorean infuences in Hesiod’s tradition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 . Two modern views on the tradition of Hesiod . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 . Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 Chapter Tree. Stesichorus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 . Te tradition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 . Stesichorus’ family . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 . Stesichorus’ home and travels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 . Stesichorus’ poetry and music . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 . Blindness, Helen, and the Palinode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 . Stesichorus and politics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 . Stesichorus’ name and his death . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 . Te date of Stesichorus. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 . Te connections with the Pythagorean tradition . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 . Formulaic elements in the tradition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 . Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 Chapter Four. Archilochus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 . Te tradition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 . Archilochus’ family and his friends . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92 . Archilochus’ home, journeys, and contests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94 Maarit Kivilo - 978-90-04-19328-4 Downloaded from Brill.com06/02/2020 03:22:43PM via free access vi contents . Archilochus’ encounter with the Muses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 . Te oracles in the tradition of Archilochus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96 . Archilochus and the cult of gods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102 . Lycambes and his daughters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104 . Te death of Archilochus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106 . Te cult of Archilochus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107 . Ancient criticism of Archilochus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109 . Te date of Archilochus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111 . Traditional elements in Archilochus’ biography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116 . Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117 Chapter Five. Hipponax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121 . Te tradition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121 . Hipponax’ origin, home town and family . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122 . Hipponax’ inventions and the story of Iambe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125 . Te quarrel with Boupalus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127 . Te death of Hipponax. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129 . Ancient criticism and editions of Hipponax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130 . Te date of Hipponax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131 . Formulaic themes in Hipponax’ tradition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133 . Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133 Chapter Six. Terpander . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135 . Te tradition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135 . Terpander’s home and origin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136 . Terpander in Sparta . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139 . Te citharodes of Lesbos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144 . Te death of Terpander . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147 . Terpander’s poetry and music . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148 . Te date of Terpander . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158 . Formulaic themes in Terpander’s tradition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163 . Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165 Chapter Seven. Sappho . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167 . Te tradition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167 . Ancient portraits and appearance of Sappho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172 . Sappho’s home and family . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173 . Sappho and Phaon, her exile and death . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179 . Sappho’s reputation, circle, and rivals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183 . Sappho’s inventions and music . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193 Maarit Kivilo - 978-90-04-19328-4 Downloaded from Brill.com06/02/2020 03:22:43PM via free access contents vii . Te ancient editions of Sappho’s poetry, and the treatises on her life . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194 . Te date of Sappho . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195 . Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198 Chapter Eight. Te formation of biographical traditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201 . Sources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201 . Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203 . Formulaic themes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208 Chapter Nine. Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225 Appendix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227 Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243 Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255 Maarit Kivilo - 978-90-04-19328-4 Downloaded from Brill.com06/02/2020 03:22:43PM via free access ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Tis book is a slightly revised version of a doctoral thesis submitted to Oxford University in the Summer of . Te manuscript was closed in substance in March ; since then I have not attempted any sys- tematic revision. I am endlessly grateful to my supervisor Dr. Nicholas Richardson for all his help, and his continued support of my work well beyond my D.Phil. supervisions. I should mention that he read and com- mented on more versions of this text than either of us would like to remember. I am also grateful for advice, criticism and encouragement from Prof. Oliver Taplin and Dr. Mait Kõiv, and for help in various mat- ters from Dr. Ivo Volt. I would also like to thank Brill Academic Pub- lishers, in particular Caroline van Erp for her patience and help in the preparation of this book. I am also grateful to the anonymous reviewer for helpful criticism and detailed suggestions. I would like to acknowl- edge the substantial fnancial support during my doctoral studies from Oxford University Press (Clarendon Scholarship) and Magdalen College (Jan Hruska Scholarship); also the Cultural Endowment of Estonia, the Estonian World Council, and the Estonian Students Fund in the U.S.A. And fnally, thanks to my friends and family for their loving support throughout this project. Maarit Kivilo - 978-90-04-19328-4 Downloaded from Brill.com06/02/2020 03:22:43PM via free access ABBREVIATIONS BMCR Bryn Mawr Classical Review: http://bmcr.brynmawr.edu/. 1 CAH Te Cambridge Ancient History (First edition). Ed. by J.B. Bury, S.A. Cook, et al. Cambridge, – 2 CAH Te Cambridge Ancient History, nd edition. Ed. by J. Boardman, I.E.S. Edwards, et al. Cambridge, – CEG Carmina Epigraphica Graeca. Vol. I: Saeculorum VIII–V a.Chr.n. Ed. by P.A. Hansen. Berlin,  CGF Comicorum Graecorum Fragmenta, ed. G. Kaibel. Berlin,  CIG Corpus Inscriptionum Graecarum, ed. A. Boeckh. Berlin, – DGRBM Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, ed. by William Smith. London, – DGRG A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography, ed. by William 1 Smith. London,  ( ) EM Etymologicum magnum genuinum. 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