Early Freud and Late Freud We are living in a period when Freud’s œuvre is under constant attack and is read less and less. For many years, Ilse Grubrich-Simitis, well known as an editor of Freud’s manuscripts, has advocated a new reading of Freud’s texts, in order that their exact detail and innovative power be fully revealed. Early Freud and Late Freud combines two examples of such a reading. The first essay is devoted to the earliest psychoanalytic book, Studies on Hysteria, which was written with Josef Breuer. The second essay is a study of Freud’s last book, Moses and Monotheism. The essay on Studies on Hysteria demonstrates why that work is indeed the ‘primal book’ of psychoanalysis, and how its emphasis on trauma in the genesis of psychic illness became a basic element of modern psychoanalytic thinking. In Moses and Monotheism,Freud returns to his early trauma theory of the aetiology of neurosis, which he had disregarded for many years in favour of drive theory and the accentuation of phantasies. Freud was by now faced with the traumatic threat of Nazi persecution, and appears to have responded by intensifying his self-analysis, as if seeking contact with his early self. The author applies the psychoanalytic method to the Moses manuscripts and postulates that it was the dramatic self-curative process that facilitated Freud’s late insights into archaic forms of defence, such as ‘splitting’. These insights in turn indicated the path that modern psychoanalysis was to follow, and are understood in this book in a way that leads to the emergence of a substantially modified picture of early Freud and late Freud. Ilse Grubrich-Simitis is a psychoanalyst in private practice in Frankfurt. She is a member of the International Psychoanalytical Association and a training and supervising analyst of the German Psychoanalytical Association. THE NEW LIBRARY OF PSYCHOANALYSIS The New Library of Psychoanalysis was launched in 1987 in association with the Institute of Psycho-Analysis, London. Its purpose is to facilitate a greater and more widespread appreciation of what psychoanalysis is really about and to provide a forum for increasing mutual understanding between psychoanalysts and those working in other disciplines such as history, linguistics, literature, medicine, philosophy, psychology and the social sciences. It is intended that the titles selected for publication in the series should deepen and develop psychoanalytic thinking and technique, contribute to psychoanalysis from outside, or contribute to other disciplines from a psychoanalytical perspective. The Institute, together with the British Psycho-Analytic Society, runs a low-fee psychoanalytic clinic, organizes lectures and scientific events concerned with psychoanalysis, publishes the International Journal of Psycho-Analysis (which now incorporates the International Review of Psycho-Z Analysis), and runs the only training course in the UK in psychoanalysis leading to membership of the International Psychoanalytical Association—the body which preserves internationally agreed standards of training, of professional entry and of professional ethics and practice for psychoanalysis as initiated and developed by Sigmund Freud. Distinguished members of the Institute have included Michael Balint, Wilfred Bion, Ronald Fairbairn, Anna Freud, Ernest Jones, Melanie Klein, John Rickman and Donald Winnicott. Volumes 1–11 in the series have been prepared under the general editorship of David Tuckett, with Ronald Britton and Eglé Laufer as associate editors. Subsequent volumes are under the general editorship of Elizabeth Bott Spillius, with, from Volume 17, Donald Campbell, Michael Parsons, Rosine Jozef Perelberg and David Taylor as associate editors. ALSO IN THIS SERIES 1 Impasse and Interpretation Herbert Rosenfeld 2 Psychoanalysis and Discourse Patrick Mahoney 3 The Suppressed Madness of Sane Men Marion Milner 4 The Riddle of Freud Estelle Roith 5 Thinking, Feeling, and Being Ignacio Matte Blanco 6 The Theatre of the Dream Salomon Resnik 7 Melanie Klein Today: Volume 1, Mainly Theory Edited by Elizabeth Bott Spillius 8 Melanie Klein Today: Volume 2, Mainly Practice Edited by Elizabeth Bott Spillius 9 Psychic Equilibrium and Psychic Change: Selected Papers of Betty Joseph Edited by Michael Feldman and Elizabeth Bott Spillius 10 About Children and Children-No-Longer: Collected Papers 1942–80Paula Heimann. Edited by Margret Tonnesmann 11 The Freud-Klein Controversies 1941–45 Edited by Pearl King and Riccardo Steiner 12 Dream, Phantasy and Art Hanna Segal 13 Psychic Experience and Problems of Technique Harold Stewart 14 Clinical Lectures on Klein & Bion Edited by Robin Anderson 15 From Fetus to Child Alessandra Piontelli 16 A Psychoanalytic Theory of Infantile Experience: Conceptual and Clinical Reflections E.Gaddini. Edited by Adam Limentani 17 The Dream Discourse Today Edited and introduced by Sara Flanders 18 The Gender Conundrum: Contemporary Psychoanalytic Perspectives on Femininity and Masculinity Edited and introduced by Dana Breen 19 Psychic Retreats John Steiner 20 The Taming of Solitude: Separation Anxiety in Psychoanalysis Jean-Michel Quinodoz 21 Unconscious Logic: An Introduction to Matte Blanco’s Bi-Logic and its Uses Eric Rayner 22 Understanding Mental Objects Meir Perlow 23 Life, Sex and Death: Selected Writings of William H.Gillespie Edited and introduced by Michael Sinason and Charles Socarides 24 What do Psychoanalysts Want? Joseph Sandler and Ursula Dreher 25 Michael Balint: Object Relations Pure and Applied Harold Stewart with chapters by Andrew Elder and Robert Gosling 26 Hope: A Shield in the Economy of Borderline States Anna Potamianou 27 Psychoanalysis, Literature & War: Papers 1972–1995 Hanna Segal 28 Emotional Vertigo: Between Anxiety and Pleasure Danielle Quinodoz 29 Early Freud and Late Freud Use Grubrich-Simitis The publication of this title has been subsidized by Inter Nationes, Bonn, and the Köhler- Stiftung, Darmstadt. NEW LIBRARY OF PSYCHOANALYSIS 29 General editor: Elizabeth Bott Spillius Early Freud and Late Freud READING ANEW STUDIES ON HYSTERIA AND MOSES AND MONOTHEISM ILSE GRUBRICH-SIMITIS Translated by Philip Slotkin London and New York First published in Britain in 1997 by Routledge 11 New Fetter Lane, London EC4P 4EE This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2005. "To purchase your own copy of this or any of Taylor & Francis or Routledge's collection of thousands of eBooks please go to www.eBookstore.tandf.co.uk." Simultaneously published in the USA and Canada by Routledge 29 West 35th Street, New York, NY 10001 © 1997 Ilse Grubrich-Simitis for Introduction © 1995 S.Fischer Verlag Gmbtt, Frankfurt am Main for Urbuch der Psychoanalyse © 1994 Fischer Taschenbuch Verlag GmbH, Frankfurt am Main for Freuds Moses-Studie als Tagtraum Translation © Routledge All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilized in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Grubrich-Simitis, Ilse. Early Freud and Late Freud: reading anew Studies on Hysteria and Moses and Monotheism/Ilse Grubrich-Simitis; translated by Philip Slotkin. p. cm.—(New library of psychoanalysis; 29) Includes bibliographical references and index. 1. Breuer, Josef, 1842–1925. Studien über Hysterie. 2. Freud, Sigmund, 1856–1939. Der Mann Moses und die monotheistische Religion. 3. Hysteria. 4. Moses (Biblical leader). 5. Egyptian literature—Relation to the Old Testament. 6. Monotheism. 7. Psychology, Religious. I. Title. II. Series. RC532.B73G78 1997 97–12958 616.89’ 17–dc21 CIP ISBN 0-203-36037-0 Master e-book ISBN ISBN 0-203-37293-X (Adobe e-Reader Format) ISBN 0-415-14843-X (Print Edition) ISBN 0-415-14844-8 (pbk) Contents List of figures viii Preliminary note ix Introduction 1 The Primal Book of Psychoanalysis: Studies on Hysteria a hundred years on 12 Freud’s Study of Moses as a Daydream: a biographical essay 44 Appendix: description of the Moses manuscripts 75 Bibliography 91 Index of names 96 Index of subjects 100 List of figures 1 Title page of the first edition of Studien über Hysterie (1895) 16 2 Picture postcard from Sigmund Freud dated 13 September 1913 (front) 63 3 Picture postcard from Sigmund Freud dated 13 September 1913 (back) 64 4 Facsimile of the first page of the ‘historical novel’ 77 5 Facsimile of the table of contents of the third Moses essay and outline of the Moses 84 book 6 Facsimile of the first page of ‘Prefatory Note I’ 85 7 Facsimile of the first page of ‘Prefatory Note II’ 86 8 Facsimile of the first page of the draft of the third Moses essay 88 Thanks are due to Frau Dr Irblich, Österreichische Nationalbibliothek, Handschriften— und Inkunabel-Sammlung, Vienna, for the reproductions of Figures 2 and 3. Sigmund Freud Copyrights, Colchester, and S.Fischer Verlag, Frankfurt, kindly gave permission for Figures 4–8 to be reproduced here. Preliminary Note This publication was not originally conceived as a book. The two essays of which it consists were composed at different times. I wrote the first piece, ‘The Primal Book of Psychoanalysis’, representing early Freud, for the centenary of the appearance of Breuer’s and Freud’s Studies on Hysteria. S.Fischer, the publishers of Freud’s works in Germany, brought out a reprint of the first edition to mark this anniversary in 1995 and my essay was intended as an accompanying commentary. An expanded version, on which the present translation is based, was printed in the December 1995 issue of the journal Psyche. A few notes on precursors of Breuer’s and Freud’s research were also finally added. The essay on late Freud was in fact written previously. My research on Freud’s manuscripts included work on those of Moses and Monotheism. I put forward my gradually emerging hypotheses for the first time in the Sigmund Freud Lecture in Frankfurt in 1989. The revised and expanded version of ‘Freud’s Study of Moses as a Daydream’, from which the English translation was made, was published by Fischer Taschenbuch Verlag in 1994. The preface and parts of the preliminary note to this edition are, however, here incorporated in the introduction. A few minor additions to the five sections of the essay have also been made. It was Elizabeth Bott Spillius, the General Editor of the New Library of Psychoanalysis, who thought of combining the two contributions in a single book with the title Early Freud and Late Freud,a formulation that is also hers. I am very grateful to her for this inspiring idea—for when I began to reflect on her suggestion, I realized to my surprise that there are actually more links between these two works than I had hitherto been aware of, as the following introduction is intended to show. I wish to thank Philip Slotkin for deploying all his translation skills to confer upon my essays, as with previous writings of mine, an English form as precise as it is aesthetic. Edwina Welham of Routledge worked hard on a number of fronts to help make the present edition a reality. Inter Nationes (Bonn) and the Köhler-Stiftung (Darmstadt) made generous contributions to the funding of the translation. Thanks are due to Ingeborg Meyer-Palmedo, my collaborator of many years’ standing on the German-language editions of Freud, for assistance and suggestions during my work on the original versions. I wish also to acknowledge the aid received at that time from Gerhard Fichtner, Eva Laible and Marion Palmedo. I am indebted to Michael Stolleis for bringing Rudolf Smend’s recent lecture on Moses to my attention. Bärbel Gäthje helped find the English text of the quotations from Freud. Mark Paterson (Sigmund Freud Copyrights) and Judith Dupont kindly allowed me to quote from some unpublished documents of Freud and Ferenczi in their respective care. May 1996