YOU’VE JUST PURCHASED MORE THAN A TEXTBOOK! Evolve Resources for Singh: Dyce, Sack and Wensing’s Textbook of Veterinary Anatomy, Fifth Edition, include the following: (cid:127) Sample Flash Cards (cid:127) Board Practice Questions (cid:127) Image Collections Activate the complete learning experience that comes with each textbook purchase by registering at http://evolve.elsevier.com/Singh/ REGISTER TODAY! You can now purchase Elsevier products on Evolve! Go to evolve.elsevier.com/html/shop-promo.html to search and browse for products. Fifth Edition Dyce, Sack and Wensing’s Textbook of V E T E R I N A R Y A N A T O M Y BALJIT SINGH BVSc&AH, MVSc, PhD, FAAA 3M National Teaching Fellow Professor and Dean Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Calgary Calgary, Canada 3251 Riverport Lane St. Louis, Missouri 63043 DYCE, SACK AND WENSING’S TEXTBOOK OF VETERINARY ANATOMY, FIFTH EDITION ISBN: 9780323442640 Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All Rights Reserved. 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To the fullest extent of the law, neither the Publisher nor the authors, contributors, or editors, assume any liability for any injury and/or damage to persons or property as a matter of products liability, negligence or otherwise, or from any use or operation of any methods, products, instructions, or ideas contained in the material herein. International Standard Book Number: 978-0-323442640 Content Strategy Director: Penny Rudolph Content Development Manager: Ellen Wurm-Cutter Content Development Specialist: Alexandra York Publishing Services Manager: Deepthi Unni Senior Project Manager: Kamatchi Madhavan Designer: Patrick Ferguson Printed in China Last digit is the print number: 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 For my dear wife, Sarbjit Kaur, son, Pahul Singh, and our dog, Boomrang Dedicated to our parents, Sardar Modan Singh and Sadarni Gurmail Kaur Sardar Pritam Singh and Sardarni Mohinder Kaur This page intentionally left blank Contributors CHAPTER CONTRIBUTORS Judy Klimek, DVM, MS Emily J. Reppert, DVM, MS, DACVIM Associate Professor Assistant Professor Department of Anatomy and Physiology Livestock Services Kansas State University College of Veterinary Medicine Department of Clinical Sciences Manhattan, KS Kansas State University Manhattan, KS Gillian Muir, DVM, PhD Professor and Head Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences Western College of Veterinary Medicine University of Saskatchewan Canada FIGURE CONTRIBUTORS Kalman Czeibert, DVM Ram S. Sethi, BVSc&AH, MVSc, PhD Research Fellow Professor Justanatomy Ltd. School of Animal Biotechnology Hungary Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University Ludhiana, Punjab Ors Petnehazy, DVM, PhD Jaswant Singh, BVSc&AH, MVSc, PhD Research Fellow Institute of Diagnostic Imaging and Radiation Oncology Professor Kaposvár University Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences CEO, Justanatomy Ltd. University of Saskatchewan Hungary Saskatoon, Canada v This page intentionally left blank Preface It is an honour and a true privilege to be entrusted with and some with fellow teachers. The major changes are as the task of preparing the 5th edition of Textbook of Veteri- follows: nary Anatomy by Dyce, Sack and Wensing. When start- • signiicant editing of the text to remove many redundan- ing as a graduate teaching assistant in veterinary anatomy cies; courses, I never did or could imagine such an opportunity. • removal of text that is not germane to the veterinary Of the three highly distinguished anatomists and original medical student; authors of this text, I met only Prof. Wolfgang Sack at the • addition of nearly 100 new igures; American Association of Veterinary Anatomists meeting • addition of many igures at the sub-gross level to create in Knoxville in 1996, when I was a postdoctoral fellow. a link between the gross anatomy and histology; Naturally, I was in awe of him! But he was highly encour- • addition of a new chapter on camelids; aging of my efforts to become a teacher of veterinary • creation of more than 120 highlighted text boxes to anatomy. make to easier to grasp important concepts and some I have taken exceptional care to maintain the founda- clinical features; tional integrity of the textbook as developed and nurtured • addition of new tables to summarize information; by Profs. Dyce, Sack and Wensing. Students accept this • creation of a new box called Comprehension Check at text to be the “go-to” anatomy text for their foundational the end of each chapter to facilitate group discussion reading as well as a quick check-in. I have also found this and practice; book in large numbers of veterinary clinics, and veterinar- • introduction of new contributors: Dr. Gillian Muir has ians attest to its authoritative usefulness in their clinical worked on chapters related to the nervous system, and practice of veterinary medicine. These observations under- Dr. Judy Klimek and Dr. Emily Reppert have contributed score the established value of the text and its fundamental a new chapter on camelids. Dr. Jaswant Singh, Dr. Ors endurance. Petnehazy, Dr. Kalman Czeibert, and Dr. R. S. Sethi have There are many current trends that impact the teach- contributed illustrations. ing of veterinary anatomy. These trends, including an Taken together, these changes enable the textbook, while increase in the volume of veterinary clinical and bio- maintaining its rigorous content, to start to look toward a medical information, have resulted in reduced allocation new phase of its life. of time to educate students in veterinary anatomical sci- This work would not be possible without the exceptional ences in general. Veterinary embryology has nearly been support received from the Elsevier team. In particular, I eliminated from the veterinary medical curricula. The express sincere thanks to Penny Rudolph, who engaged me time in veterinary curricula to teach histology has also in the creation of educational materials for learning veteri- been reduced signiicantly. There however is resurging nary anatomy. Having worked with her in creating Elsevier’s realization that these trends are not fostering develop- Veterinary Anatomy Flash Cards and Veterinary Anatomy ment of suficient foundational knowledge of veterinary Coloring Book, I have enjoyed doing so again in prepar- anatomy and an integrated set of concepts for the stu- ing the 5th edition of the Textbook of Veterinary Anatomy. dents. For example, the growth in the use of imaging Throughout the preparation of this edition, I received high modalities in veterinary medicine has created a need for levels of support and encouragement from Alexandra York, better education in veterinary anatomy. Also, reduction in Kamatchi Madhavan, Shelly Stringer, and Brian Loehr. time devoted to the instruction of veterinary anatomy is Finally, I thank many teachers and students who been stimulating interest in more integrated teaching of anat- instrumental in my development as a teacher. Special omy, histology, and embryology; the Textbook of Veteri- thanks to Dr. Alastair Summerlee, an exceptional teacher nary Anatomy has been at the forefront of such integrated and scholar, who gave me my irst opportunity to be a grad- instruction of veterinary anatomy. uate teaching assistant in anatomy laboratories. The 5th edition of the Textbook of Veterinary Anat- I look forward to receiving comments from students and omy introduces many changes and makes a gentle pivot my fellow anatomy teachers to make further improvements to indicate the future direction of the book. In preparing to the book and will welcome their opinions on the changes this edition, I have had many discussions with students, introduced in this edition. vii This page intentionally left blank