DUST AND MOLECULES IN EVOLVED STARS Proceedings of an International Workshop held at UMIST, Manchester, United Kingdom, 24-27 March, 1997 Edited by I. CHERCHNEFF Department ofP hysics, UMIST, Manchester, United Kingdom and T.J.MILLAR Department ofP hysics, UMIST, Manchester, United Kingdom Reprinted from Astrophysics and Space Science Volume 251, Nos. 1-2, 1997 SPRINGER-SCIENCE+BUSINESS MEDIA, B.V. A C.I.P. Catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress. ISBN 978-90-481-5018-2 ISBN 978-94-017-1307-8 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-94-017-1307-8 Cover: Recurring Nova T Pyxidis observed with Hubble Space Telescope, Wide Field Planetary Camera 2. (PRC97-29, STSci OPO, September 18, 1997. M. Shara, R. Williams, and R. Gilmozzi.) Printed on acid-free paper All Rigbts Reserved @1998 Springer Science+ Business Media Dordrecht Originally published by Kluwer Academic Publishers in 1998 No part of the material protected by this copyright notice may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system, without written permission from the copyright owner. TABLE OF CONTENTS LOW-MASS STARS A.G.G.M. TIELENS I Circumstellar PAHS and Carbon Stardust (R) 1 M.J. BARLOW I ISO LWS Observations of Evolved Stars and Nebulae (R) 15 K. JUSTTANONT, I. YAMAMURA, T. DE JONG and L.B.F.M. WATERS I ISO-SWS Spectra of AGB Stars (C) 25 H. OLOFSSON I Molecules in Envelopes around AGB-Stars (R) 31 M.J. REID and K.M. MENTEN I Shocks in the Radio Photospheres of Long Period Variable Stars (C) 41 KAREN WILLACY and ISABELLE CHERCHNEFF I Silicon and Sulphur in the Inner Envelope of IRO+ 10216 (C) 49 ANITA M.S. RICHARDS, R.J. COHEN and J.A. YATES I Maser Mapping and Dust Properties of Red Supergiant Winds (C) 55 RAFAEL BACHILLER I Chemical Evolution from the AGB to the Planetary Nebula Phase (R) 63 ERIC J. BAKKER I Circumstellar Molecular Spectra Towards Evolved Stars (C) 73 M. JURA I Disks around Post-Main Sequence Binaries (R) 81 M.A.T. GROENEWEGEN, P.A. WHITELOCK, C.H. SMITH and F. KERSCHBAUM I Dust Shells around Carbon Mira Variables (C) 89 A. BLANCO, A. BORGHESI, E. EPIFANI, S. PONTI, V. OROFINO and F. STRAFELLA I Variability of Circumstellar Emission from Dust Envelopes around Carbon Stars (C) 97 ERWIN SEDLMAYR I Circumstellar Dust Condensation Scenarios (R) 103 A.K. SPECK and M.J. BARLOW I VIR Bands in Carbon Star Spectra (C) 115 N.Y. VOSHCHINNIKOV and V.B. IL'IN I Non-Spherical Dust Grains in the Envelopes of Late-Type Giants (C) 123 M. STEFFEN and R. SZCZERBA I Modeling the Long-Term Evolution of Dusty Outflows of AGB-Stars (R) 131 N. MAURON I Observations of Shells Around p, CEP & CRL2688, and about Episodic Mass Loss (C) 143 R. SZCZERBA and M. STEFFEN I IR-Colors for Models of Post-AGB Evo- lution (C) 149 MICHELLE J. CREECH-EAKMAN and ROBERT E. STENCEL I Variation of Silicate Dust Features with Phase (C) 157 TAKASHI KOZASA and HISATO SOGAWA I Formation of Dust Grains in Circumstellar Envelopes of Oxygen-Rich AGB Stars (C) 165 D.R. ALEXANDER, F. ALLARD, A. TAMANAI and P.H. HAUSCHILDT I Grain Formation in Atmospheres of Cool Dwarfs (P) 171 S. BAGNULO and J.G. DOYLE I Observations and Modelling of Spectral Energy Distributions of Asymptotic Giant Branch Stars (P) 177 IRMELA BUES and TURGUT ASLAN I Backwarming Effect of Molecular Opacities on the Infrared Colours of Very Cool White Dwarfs (P) 181 R.D.D. COSTA, D. MEKARNIA and J. LEFEVRE I Modelling the Dust Enve- lope in Symbiotic Systems: The Case of CH Cygni (P) 185 MERCE CROSAS, KARL M. MENTEN, KEN YOUNG and THOMAS G. PHILLIPS I Radiative Transfer in a Turbulent Expanding Molecular Enve- lope: Application to Mira (P) 189 S. ETOKA and A.M. LE SQUEREN I OH Maser Lines Variability of Miras (P) 193 P.D. GENSHEIMER I Observations of HCCNC and HNCCC in IRC+10216 (P) 199 P. HALL I Modelling Software for Dust Processes (P) 203 0. HASHIMOTO and H. IZUMIURA I A Compact Circumstellar Dust Enve- lope of an Evolved AGB Star IRC-10529 (P) 207 JOSEF HRON, RITA LOIDL and FRANZ KERSCHBAUM I Dust Features of Visually Bright AGB Variables As Seen By ISO and IRAS (P) 211 E.M.L. HUMPHREYS, M.D. GRAY, D. FIELD, J.A. YATES and G. BOWEN I A Model for the Variability of SIO Masers in Mira Variables (P) 215 M. JOHN and E. SEDLMAYR I Formation of Small Iron Clusters in Circum- stellar Envelopes (P) 219 C. KAHANE, E. VIARD, F. MENARD, P. BASTIEN and N. MANSET I Polarization of Evolved Stars Envelopes (P) 223 GULCIN KANDEMIR and SENEL BOYDAG I A Simulation for a Planetary Nebular Plasma (P) 227 A. KUCINSKAS I Terminal Outflow Velocities from the Mass-Losing AGB Stars (P) 231 F. LARSEN, H. OLOFSSON, K. ERIKSSON and B. GUSTAFSSON I Mole- cules in Circumstellar Envelopes of Carbon Stars (P) 235 T. LLOYD EVANS I Stars With Cool Dusty Disks (P) 239 RITA LOIDL, JOSEF HRON, SUSANNE HOFNER, UFFE G. J0RGENSEN, BERNHARD ARINGER and FRANZ KERSCHBAUM I Synthetic Spectra of Long-Period Variables: A First Comparison With ISO Observations (P) 243 R. LUCAS 11.3 MM Plateau De Bure Observations ofiRC+10216 (P) 247 M. MARENGO, M. BUSSO, P. PERSI, P.O. LAGAGE and G. SILVESTRO I MID-IR Imaging and Modelling of AGB Circumstellar Envelopes (P) 251 A.J. MARKWICK and T.J. MILLAR I Carbon-Bearing Molecules in Oxygen- Rich Circumstellar Envelopes (P) 255 G.M. RUDNITSKIJ I Effects of Dust on the Propagation of Shock Waves in Circumstellar Envelopes of Late-Type Variable Stars (P 1) 259 G.M. RUDNITSKIJ I Models of Circumstellar Maser in Late-Type Variable Stars (P2) 263 A.V. SHAVRINA and L.A. YAKOVINA I On the Molecular Line Absorption in the LI I Doublet 6708 A Region for Evolved Star Atmospheres (P) 267 ROGER J. SYLVESTER I Detection of the Far-IR Pumping Lines for OH Masers (P) 271 S.D. TAYLOR and D.A. WILLIAMS I Molecules in Boundary Layers in Plan- etary Nebulae (P) 275 KAREN WILLACY and T.J. MILLAR I Carbon Chemistry in Oxygen-Rich Circumstellar Envelopes (P) 281 J.A. YATES, E.M.L. HUMPHREYS and A.M.S. RICHARDS I Simulating H20 Maser Emission in the Mass Outflows from Evolved Stars (P) 285 LAIMONS ZACS I Detection of Cz and C3 Absorption in Two Post-AGB Objects IRAS 22272+5435 and CIT 6 (P) 289 NOVAE, HIGH MASS STARS A. EVANS I Dust and Molecules in Nova Environments (R) 293 S.P.S. EYRES, A. EVANS, T.R. GEBALLE, J.K. DAVIES and J.M.C. RAWLINGS I Dust Evolution in Nova Cassiopeia 1993 (C) 303 KAREL A. VANDER HUCHT I Physical Properties ofWolf-Rayet Winds (R) 311 P.M. WILLIAMS I Formation of Dust in Hostile Environments - What We Learn From Observing Wolf-Rayet Stars (R) 321 ISABELLE CHERCHNEFF I Dust in Hydrogen-Poor Stellar Winds, From Theory to Observations (R) 333 V.F. POLCARO and L. NORCI I V 439 CYG, The Red Star That Became Blue ~ 3~ LINDA J. SMITH I The Origin of the Nebulae Surrounding Luminous Blue Variable Stars (C) 349 DONALD D. CLAYTON, SACHIKO AMARI and ERNST ZINNER I Dust from Supernovae (R) 355 A. DALGARNO, P.C. STANCIL and S. LEPP I Molecules and Dust in Super- novae (R) 375 M.E.L. HOPWOOD, A. EVANS, S.P.S. EYRES and A. PENNY I A Search For CO J = 2 -+ I Emission From the Metal Rich Globular Cluster NGC 6356(P) 385 YOANN H. LE TUEFF and ISABELLE CHERCHNEFF I Dust Formation Chemistry in Carbon-Rich Wolf-Rayet Winds (P) 389 Index of Objects 393 Index of Topics 395 PREFACE The Workshop recorded in this volume was held at UMIST in March 1997 and was entitled 'Dust and Molecules in Evolved Stars'. Following the tradition of the UMIST group to organize regular conference series on topics related to the expertise of the group, namely Astrochemistry, the Workshop focused principally on observational and theoretical aspects of the study of chemical species, from molecules to dust grains, in the circumstellar environments of evolved objects. Our aim was to gather together various scientific communities, generally unknown to each other, and working on different types of evolved stars, to address fundamental questions on molecule and dust formation and survival, observational diagnostic tools common to evolved astrophysical environments, and so on. The astrophysical scenarios included late-type stars, novae, Wolf Rayet stars, LBVs and supernovae, and it was often highlighted that similar chemical entities, dust or molecules, were found in environments characterized by very different physical and chemical parameters. Therefore, there was a real need to bridge the gap between the various communities in order to shed light on these mysteries. At the time of the Workshop new results from the ISO satellite had arrived and the participants were able to benefit from these new data in the context of the conference. The Workshop was attended by more than 80 scientists coming from 17 dif ferent countries, reflecting the fact that the study of evolved stars, both from observation and theory, represents a very active field of Astrophysics and As trochemistry. This volume contains all the review papers (denoted R) but one. Unfortu nately, Peter Sarre was not able to provide a manuscript. As editors, we would like to express our gratitude to the reviewers who strove hard to restrict them selves to the allocated length for, their manuscripts. We have also included the contributed papers (denoted C) and the poster papers (denoted P). Discussions have been inserted at the end of each Rand C paper. Unfortunately, the vivid discussions accompanying the poster sessions could not be recorded. The Workshop was supported financially by various sponsors. We are very grateful to the Collaborative Computational Project No. 7 on 'The Analysis of Astronomical Spectra', the Royal Astronomical Society, the Astrophysics Group in the Department of Physics at UMIST, our publisher, Kluwer, and the European Union. The latter sponsored the attendance of several of our colleagues from Eastern Europe and the new Independent States of the Soviet Union. I. Cherchnef£, T. J. Millar UMIST November 1997 LIST OF PARTICIPANTS ALEXANDER David R. Dept. of Physics, Wichita State University, Wichita, USA [email protected] BACHILLER Rafael Observatorio Astronomico Nacional, Alcala de Henares, Spain [email protected] BAGNULO Stefano Armagh Observatory, Armagh, Northern Ireland, UK sba@star .arm.ac. uk BAKKER Eric J. Dept. of Astronomy, University of Texas, Austin, USA [email protected] BARLOW Mike J. Dept. of Physics & Astronomy, University College London, London, UK [email protected] BUES Irmela Astron. Institut, Universitaet Erlangen-Nuernberg, Bamberg, Germany [email protected] CHERCHNEFF Isabelle Dept. of Physics, UMIST, Manchester, UK [email protected]. umist.ac.uk CLAYTON Donald D. Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, Clemson University, Clemson, USA [email protected] COHEN Martin Radio Astronomy Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, USA mcohen@astro. berkeley.edu COSTA Roberto D.D. Observatoire de la Cote d'Azur, Nice, France [email protected] CREECH-EAKMAN Michelle J. Dept. of Physics & Astronomy, University of Denver, Denver, USA mce@phoenix. phys.du.edu CROSAS Merce Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, USA [email protected] DALGARNO Alexander Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, USA [email protected] ETOKA Sandra Torun Radio Astronomy Obs., N. Copernicus University, Torun, Poland [email protected] EVANS Nye Dept. of Physics, University of Keele, Keele, UK [email protected] EYRES Stewart P. Dept. of Physics, University of Keele, Keele, UK [email protected] FLOWER David Dept. of Physics, University of Durham, Durham, UK [email protected] FONTI, Sergio Dept. of Physics, University of Leece, Leece, Italy [email protected] GENSHEIMER Paul Max-Planck-Institut fuer Radioastronomie, Bonn, Germany [email protected] GROENEWEGEN Martin Max-Planck-Iustitut fuer Astrophysik, Garching, Germany [email protected] HALL Peter F. Dept. of Physics, UMIST, Manchester, UK [email protected] HASHIMOTO Osamu Dept. of Applied Physics, University of Seikei, Tokyo, Japan [email protected] HATCHELL Jennifer J. Dept. of Physics, UMIST, Manchester, UK [email protected] HOPWOOD Madelaine E. Dept. of Physics, University of Keele, Keele, UK [email protected]. uk HOWE David A. Dept. of Physics, UMIST, Manchester, UK [email protected] HUMPHREYS Elizabeth School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK [email protected] IDIART Thais E.P. Observatoire de Ia Cote d'Azur, Nice, France [email protected] JEFFERY C. Simon Armagh Observatory, Armagh, Northern Ireland, UK [email protected] JOHN Marcus Inst. fuer Astronomie und Astrophysik, Tech. Universitaet Berlin, Germany [email protected]. TU-Berlin.de JURA Michael Dept. of Astronomy, UCLA, Los Angeles, USA [email protected] JUSTTANONT Kay SRON, Groningen, The Netherlands [email protected] KAHANE Claudine Laboratoire d'Astrophysique Observatoire de Grenoble, Grenoble, France [email protected] KANDEMIR Gulcin Dept. of Physics, Istanbul technical University, Istanbul, 'I\trkey kandemir@sariyer .cc.itu.edu. tr KOZASA Takashi Dept. of Earth & Planetary Sciences, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan [email protected] KUCINSKAS Arunas Institute of Theoretical Physics & Astronomy, Vilnius, Lithuania [email protected] LARSEN Fredrik Stockholm Observatory, Saltsjobaden, Sweden [email protected] LE TEUFF Yoann H. Dept. of Physics, UMIST, Manchester, UK [email protected]. uk LffiERATORE Stephane Observatoire de Paris-Mendon, DASGAL, Mendon, France [email protected] LIU X.-W. Dept. of Physics & Astronomy, University College London, London, UK [email protected] LLOYD EVANS Tom South African Astronomical Observatory, Cape, South Africa [email protected] LOIDL Rita Turkenschanzstrasse 17, Wien, Austria [email protected] LUCAS Robert lnstitut de Radioastronomie Mlllimetrique, St. Martin d'Heres, France [email protected] MARENGO Massimo SISSA/ISAS International School for Advanced Studies, Trieste, Italy [email protected] MARKWICK Andrew J. Dept. of Physics, UMIST, Manchester, UK [email protected] MAURON Nicolas GRAAL, University de Montpellier II, Montpellier, France [email protected] MILLAR Tom J. Dept. of Physics, UMIST, Manchester, UK [email protected] OLOFSSON Hans Stockholm Observatory, Saltsjobaden, Sweden [email protected] POLCARO Vita F. Instituto di Astrofisica Spaziale, V. Enrico Fermi, Italy [email protected] PONTEFRACT Matthew Dept. of Physics & Astronomy, University College London, London, UK [email protected] REID Mark J. Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, USA [email protected] RICHARDS Anita M.S. NRAL, Jodrell Bank, Macclesfield, UK [email protected] RODGERS Steven D. Dept. of Physics, UMIST, Manchester, UK [email protected] RUDNITSKIJ Georgij Sternberg Astronomical Institute, Moscow, Russia [email protected] SARRE Peter Chemistry Department, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK psa@star .le.ac. uk SCHROEDER Klaus-Peter Inst. fuer Astronomie und Astrophysik, Tech. Universitaet Berlin, Germany [email protected] SEDLMAYR Erwin Inst. fuer Astronomie und Astrophysik, Tech. Universitaet Berlin, Germany [email protected] SHAVRlNA Angelina V. Main Astron. Obs. of Acad. of Science of Ukraine, Golosiev Kiev, Ukraine [email protected]. ua SMITH Linda J. Dept. of Physics & Astronomy, University College London, London, UK ljs@star. ucl.ac. uk SPECK Angela Dept. of Physics & Astronomy, University College London, London, UK [email protected] STEFFEN Matthias Astrophysikaliaches Institut Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany [email protected] SYLVESTER Roger Dept. of Physics & Astronomy, University College London, London, UK rjs@star .ucl.ac. uk SZCZERBA Ryszard N. Copernicus Astronomical Center, Torun, Poland [email protected] TAMAN AI Akemi Department of Physics, Wichita State University, Wichita, USA [email protected] TAYLOR Stephen D. Dept. of Physics & Astronomy, University College London, London, UK [email protected] TIELENS Alexander G.G.M. NASA/ Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, USA [email protected] TSIOPA Olga Central Astron. Obs. of the Russian Acad. of Sci., St. Petersburg, Russia [email protected] van der HUCHT Karel A. Space Research Organization Netherlands, Utrecht, The Netherlands k. vander [email protected] VOSHCHINNIKOV Nikolai Astronomical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia [email protected] WAGENBLAST Ralf M. Dept. of Physics, UMIST, Manchester, UK r. [email protected]. uk WALKER Helen J. Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, UK [email protected] WATSON Sarah K. NRAL, Jodrell Bauk, Macclesfield, UK [email protected]. uk WILLACY Karen A. Dept. of Physics, UMIST, Manchester, UK [email protected] WILLIAMS David A. Dept. of Physics & Astronomy, University College London, London, UK [email protected] WILLIAMS Peredur M. Royal Observatory, Edinburgh, UK [email protected] YATES Jeremy Dept. of Physics, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, UK jyates@star. herts.ac. uk ZACS Laimons Radioastrophysical Observatory, Baldone, Latvia [email protected]