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ISBN: 978-0-9874958-0-8 Defence White Paper 2013 2013 DEFENCE WHITE PAPER i Defence White Paper 2013 II Defence White Paper 2013 TABLE OF CONTENTS MINISTER’S FOREWORD ix CHAPTER ONE: WHY A NEW WHITE PAPER NOW? 1 Development of the 2013 Defence White Paper 3 CHAPTER TWO: STRATEGIC OUTLOOK 7 The Indo-Pacific 7 Adverse Effects of the Global Financial Crisis 9 The United States and China 9 Southeast Asia and North Asia 11 The Indian Ocean 13 Regional Military Modernisation 14 Challenges in the South Pacific and Timor-Leste 15 South Asia 16 Afghanistan 16 Middle East and Africa 17 Terrorism 18 Climate Change and Resource Security 18 Antarctica 19 Implications of Technology Development for the ADF 19 Cyber 20 CHAPTER THREE: AUSTRALIA’S STRATEGIC POLICY APPROACH 23 Australia’s Security and Defence Policy 23 Strategic Interests 24 A Secure Australia 24 A Secure South Pacific and Timor-Leste 25 A Stable Indo-Pacific 25 A Stable, Rules-Based Global Order 26 ADF Principal Tasks and Australia’s Military Strategy 28 Principal Task One: Deter and Defeat Attacks on Australia 28 Maritime Strategy 29 Supporting Domestic Security, Emergency Response and Peacetime National Tasks 30 Principal Task Two: Contribute to Stability and Security in the South Pacific and Timor-Leste 31 iii Defence White Paper 2013 Principal Task Three: Contribute to Military Contingencies in the Indo-Pacific 31 Principal Task Four: Contribute to Military Contingencies in Support of Global Security 32 CHAPTER FOUR: DRAWDOWN FROM MAJOR OPERATIONS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR THE ADF 35 Drawdown from Current Operations 36 Operations SLIPPER and PALATE II (Middle East and Afghanistan) 36 Operations ASTUTE and TOWER (Timor-Leste) 37 Operation ANODE (Solomon Islands) 37 Other Operational Commitments 38 Implications for the ADF 39 Maintaining ADF Capability 39 Reserves 40 Retaining Lessons-Learned 40 Intelligence Support to ADF Operations 41 Continuation and Development of Alliance Interoperability 41 CHAPTER FIVE: FORCE POSTURE – PREPAREDNESS, DEFENCE ESTATE AND THE FORCE POSTURE REVIEW 43 Defence’s Preparedness Posture 44 What Must Defence Be Prepared For? 45 Reserves 45 Basing and the Defence Estate 46 ADF Posture Review 47 Implementing ADF Posture Review Recommendations 47 Defence Estate Consolidation 51 CHAPTER SIX: AUSTRALIA’S INTERNATIONAL DEFENCE ENGAGEMENT 55 The US Alliance 56 Space and Communications Cooperation 57 Joint Facilities 58 Southeast Asia 58 North Asia 61 New Zealand 63 South Pacific 63 The Indian Ocean – South Asia, the Middle East, and Africa 65 The United Kingdom 66 Spain 66 Canada and Latin America 67 iv Defence White Paper 2013 Europe and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) 67 The United Nations 68 International Defence Engagement Capability 68 CHAPTER SEVEN: DEFENCE BUDGET AND FINANCES 71 CHAPTER EIGHT: DEVELOPING THE FUTURE FORCE 75 Structuring for a Secure Australia and Region 75 Delivering Defence Capability 76 Joint and Enabling Forces 76 Delivering an Integrated and Joint ADF 76 Amphibious Capability 77 Strike 77 Electronic Warfare 77 Cyber 78 Intelligence Capability 79 Situational Awareness 79 Unmanned Systems 79 Satellite Communications 80 Space Situational Awareness and Mission Assurance 80 Information 81 Command and Control 81 Simulation 81 Ballistic Missile Defence 81 Naval Forces 82 Submarines 82 Surface Combatants 83 Naval Combat Aviation 84 Offshore Patrol Vessels 84 Amphibious Vessels 84 Sea Logistic Support and Replenishment Support Capability 84 Land Forces 85 Structure of the Australian Army 85 Land Force Protection and Mobility 86 Amphibious 86 Fire Support and Communications 86 Battlefield Aviation Capability 86 Special Forces 87 v Defence White Paper 2013 Air Forces 87 Air Combat Capability 87 Maritime Intelligence Surveillance, Reconnaissance and Response 88 Air Combat Enablers 88 Air Mobility 89 Defence Capability Plan (DCP) and Defence Capability Guide (DCG) 89 CHAPTER NINE: REFORM 91 Introduction 91 Reform Achievements 91 Better Planning 92 Improved Accountability 93 Greater Productivity 93 Cultural Change 93 Procurement Reform 94 The Way Ahead: Integrating Reform 96 CHAPTER TEN: PEOPLE 99 Investing in People – A Strategic Priority 99 Strategic Workforce Management 100 Total Force Employment Model 100 Managing the Employment Offer 100 Recruiting 101 Supporting Defence Capability through an Inclusive Workforce 101 Diversity 101 Women 101 Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders 102 Defence’s Integrated Workforce 102 Royal Australian Navy 102 Australian Army 103 Royal Australian Air Force 103 Australian Public Service 104 Health and Safety 104 Mental Health and Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) 105 Education and Training 105 Support to Defence Families 106 vi Defence White Paper 2013 CHAPTER ELEVEN: SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 109 Science and Technology Landscape 109 Building a Defence Science and Technology Enterprise for the Future 110 Science and Technology International Partnerships 110 Driving Capability Innovation through Science and Technology 111 Defence and National Security 111 CHAPTER TWELVE: INDUSTRY AND INNOVATION POLICY 115 Global Defence and Broader Industry Trends 116 The Relationship between Defence and Industry 117 Priorities for Industry Capability 118 Defence Industry and Innovation Policy Priorities 119 Enhancing Innovation 119 Innovation Support Programs 120 Building Competitiveness 121 International Materiel Relations and the Defense Trade Cooperation Treaty 121 Developing Skills 122 Skills Development in New Fields 122 Building Skills in the Maritime industry 123 Greater linkages between Industry and the Education Sector 124 CHAPTER THIRTEEN: STRATEGIC PLANNING AND WHITE PAPER IMPLEMENTATION 127 Improving Strategic Planning in Defence 127 The Five-Year Planning Cycle 127 The Defence Planning Guidance (DPG) 127 Force Structure and Capability Planning 128 Defence Budget Review 128 Defence Corporate Plan 129 Implementing the Defence White Paper 129 vii