SECURITY ASSISTANCE PERSPECTIVES Air Force Materiel Command: In Support of International Activities By Dr. Sarunas S. Lazdinis and Col William F. Havelka HQ Air Force Materiel Command, Office of International Affairs INTRODUCTION Air Force Materiel Command (AFMC), headquartered at Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio, came into being in July 1992 due to the merger of Air Force Systems Command and Air Force Logistics Command. The main objective of this consolidation was to increase efficiency by placing the Air Force's research, development, acquisition, and logistics functions under one organization. The resulting organization controls nearly half of the Air Force budget, executes 97 percent of the Air Force's Foreign Military Sales revenues, and employs some 116,000 military and civilian personnel, including most Air Force scientists and engineers. It provides the maintenance and support for more than 10,000 aircraft, 32,000 aircraft engines, and the upkeep for 14 bases, including the Air Force's medical and test pilot schools. More than 450 programs are supported through unique organizational constructs such as Integrated Weapon System Management (IWSM) and Integrated Product Development (IPD). The command is organized functionally into Product Centers (Aeronautical Systems, Electronic Systems, Human Systems, and Space and Missile Systems), Test Centers (Air Force Development Test Center, Air Force Flight Test Center, and Arnold Engineering Development Center), Air Logistics Centers (Ogden, Oklahoma City, Sacramento, San Antonio, and Warner Robins), Specialized Centers (Aerospace Guidance and Metrology, Aerospace Maintenance and Regeneration, Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Air Force Security Assistance, and Cataloging and Standardization), and four "super" laboratories (Armstrong, Phillips, Rome, and Wright). INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS OFFICE ESTABLISHED AT HEADQUARTERS AFMC (AFMC/IA) In order to better support, coordinate, and expedite AFMC's international activities at headquarters, and to provide an integrated global perspective for these activities within a unique command management framework, an International Affairs Office—HQ AFMC/IA—was established. The TllSXM. Journal Spring 1994 7 8 Form Approved Report Documentation Page OMB No. 0704-0188 Public reporting burden for the collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden, to Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports, 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington VA 22202-4302. Respondents should be aware that notwithstanding any other provision of law, no person shall be subject to a penalty for failing to comply with a collection of information if it does not display a currently valid OMB control number. 1. REPORT DATE 3. DATES COVERED 2. REPORT TYPE 1994 00-00-1994 to 00-00-1994 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE 5a. CONTRACT NUMBER Air Force Material Command: In Support of International Activities 5b. GRANT NUMBER 5c. PROGRAM ELEMENT NUMBER 6. AUTHOR(S) 5d. PROJECT NUMBER 5e. TASK NUMBER 5f. WORK UNIT NUMBER 7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NUMBER Defense Institute of Security Assistance Management (DISAM),DISAM/DR,2475 K Street,Wright-Patterson AFB,OH,45433-7641 9. SPONSORING/MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 10. SPONSOR/MONITOR'S ACRONYM(S) 11. SPONSOR/MONITOR'S REPORT NUMBER(S) 12. DISTRIBUTION/AVAILABILITY STATEMENT Approved for public release; distribution unlimited 13. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES The DISAM Journal, Spring 1994, Volume 16, Issue 3, p.78-92 14. ABSTRACT 15. SUBJECT TERMS 16. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF: 17. LIMITATION OF 18. NUMBER 19a. NAME OF ABSTRACT OF PAGES RESPONSIBLE PERSON 15 Same as a. REPORT b. ABSTRACT c. THIS PAGE unclassified unclassified unclassified Report (SAR) Standard Form 298 (Rev. 8-98) Prescribed by ANSI Std Z39-18 As the primary headquarters contact point for AFMC international activities, IA is the command's corporate leader for international support. This office is responsible for international activities through guidance that promotes consistent and effective integration of international affairs within AFMC. HQ AFMC/IA provides "single-stop-shopping" for a wide diversity of customers, both internal and external to the command. The scope of international mission responsibility parallels the "cradle-to-grave" perspective of the AFMC mission from the earliest phases of science and technology, through development and acquisition programs, and finally the execution and sustainment of Foreign Military Sales (FMS) support to over 80 nations around the world. Supporting international activities includes specialized support to AFMC programs, international cooperative logistics activities, military-to-military contact programs, personnel exchanges, international airshows, and support for distinguished foreign representatives visiting HQ AFMC. As the command focal point, IA serves to expedite policy and issues between Headquarters USAF and the 17 AFMC Centers that execute international programs. Likewise, a network of international focal points situated at each AFMC Center establishes an integrated communications and team approach to implement and support international policy. AIR FORCE SECURITY ASSISTANCE CENTER (AFSAC) In terms of dollars, much of AFMC's international efforts are concentrated in Security Assistance and FMS activities managed by the Air Force Security Assistance Center (AFSAC) located at Wright-Patterson AFB. AFSAC supports over 11,000 aircraft—many types no longer in the USAF inventory—for some 86 foreign customers. Per annum, it processes more than 4,000 cases worth an estimated $10B. In an average month its personnel perform over 40,000 acquisition actions, resulting in foreign deliveries valued at $170M. The Fall 1992 (Vol. 15, No. 1) issue of The DISAM Journal provides detailed descriptions of AFSAC's mission and activities. INTERNATIONAL COOPERATIVE RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT AND ACQUISITION (ICRD&A) PROGRAMS As a result of the merger, AFMC implements a wide diversity of international ICRD&A activities which support U.S. Government foreign policy goals and objectives. Many are the result of successful negotiations between the U.S. and foreign governments ending in International Agreements Memoranda of Understanding (MOUs), Memoranda of Agreement (MOAs), or Project Arrangements (PAs), establishing the scope of particular programs. AFMC currently implements more than 50 MOUs, MOAS, and PAs with 15 foreign countries, groupings of countries (ANZAC-Australia, New Zealand, Canada), or alliances (NATO). The command's other international cooperative activities include Data Exchange Annexes (DEAs), the Engineer and Scientist Exchange Programs (ESEP), Foreign Comparative Testing (FCT) programs, Nunn Amendment projects, and the U.S.-Canada Defense Development Sharing Program (DDSP). 79 Tht VISXM.Journal, Spring 1994 DATA EXCHANGE ANNEXES (DEAs) DEAs are annexes to International Agreements between the U.S. and foreign governments. Although the majority of DEAs cover very specific technical tasks, they may include other activities, such as the exchange of technical personnel. The most important condition attached to a DEA is that the value of data, information, etc., exchanged between the parties be equitable, i.e., "quid-pro-quo". AFMC currently implements 127 DEAs with Australia, Brazil, Canada, France, Germany, Israel, Italy, Japan, the Republic of Korea, Netherlands, Norway, Spain, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom (U.K.). ENGINEER AND SCIENTIST EXCHANGE PROGRAM (ESEP) AFMC promotes a variety of personnel exchanges between itself and foreign institutions. Foremost is ESEP, whereby AFMC technical personnel are placed into foreign research establishments and foreign research personnel are placed into AFMC laboratories. Program participants obtain unique insights in the ways allies conduct daily business and become valuable command assets for further dealings with these countries. Presently AFMC has six ESEP participants in Germany, one in France, and one in Korea. Likewise, two Brazilian, ten German, one French, one Israeli, one Swedish, and four Korean exchange personnel are working in AFMC laboratories. AFMC also hosts, on an ad hoc project basis, military exchange officers from Australia, Canada, Chile, Japan, Jordan, Mexico, the Philippines, Thailand, Venezuela, and the U.K., who provide technical and advisory support for various international program activities. THE FOREIGN COMPARATIVE TESTING (FCT) PROGRAM The FCT Program, sponsored by the Office of the Secretary of Defense (OSD), promotes testing of allied non-developmental items or technologies to satisfy conventional defense requirements. In addition, FCT eliminates R&D costs: enhances the Rationalization, Standardization, and Interoperability (RSI) of systems used by allies; and accelerates the fielding of proven systems. In recent years, annual FCT funding has varied between $30M and $40M. In FY 94 FCT will receive $32.9M. To be considered for FCT, a foreign item or technology must meet the following criteria: it must be mature, i.e., in production or, at least, at a late stage of development; its deployment must satisfy a documented need; and there must be an up-front commitment by a service to acquire the item if it successfully completes FCT. In FY93 eight systems were acquired through FCT. AFMC is currently involved in eleven FCT evaluations of military systems produced by Denmark, France, Germany, Kazakhstan, Russia, Sweden, and the U.K. NUNN AMENDMENT PROJECTS The Nunn Amendment is designed to promote conventional armaments cooperation with NATO, or major non-NATO allies, by providing the military services with start-up money to initiate cooperative ventures. Nunn dollars are normally approved for a two-year cycle, after which the service must pay from its own program funds. In addition, all project money must be spent in lUe <D ISAM Journal, Spring 1994 80 the U.S., and allied contributions must be equitable. Since FY86, USAF has obligated approximately $100M to the Program, while the Program's annual budget has varied between $45Mand$100M. Currently, AFMC has four active Nunn programs and one in the approval stage. Additional ventures, valued at $20M, are awaiting OSD approval. THE UNITED STATES-CANADA DEFENSE DEVELOPMENT SHARING PROGRAM (DDSP) One of the most successful and productive cooperative ventures has been the U.S.-Canada DDSP, created to promote technology development at a 50-50 cost-share basis between the Canadian and U.S. Governments. Its unique feature is that work is performed in Canada by Canadian firms. The U.S.-Canada DDSP has recently celebrated its thirtieth anniversary. Oversight of DDSP rests with AFMCs Liaison Office in Ottawa. Currently there are eight DDSP projects worth $26M. Four additional projects, valued at $44M, have been proposed. If approved, they would produce savings to the USAF on the order of $20M. PRODUCT CENTERS Each one of AFMCs Product Centers has primary management responsibility for specific Air Force acquisition programs. In addition, each manages one of the four "super laboratories" chartered to provide it with technology support AERONAUTICAL SYSTEMS CENTER (ASC) ASC is the host organization of Wright-Patterson AFB and manages Wright Laboratory. It is responsible for the Research and Development (R&D), Test and Evaluation (T&E), and acquisition activities in support of the Air Force's aerospace weapons platforms. It employs approximately 10,500 people and had an annual budget over $14.5B for FY93. Some of the major aircraft and missile programs managed by ASC are the B-l and B-2 bombers, the C-17 airlifter, the F-22 Advanced Tactical Fighter, the F-l 17 Stealth Fighter, the F- 15 and F-16 Fighters, and the Advanced Medium-Range Air-to-Air Missile (AMRAAM). Most of ASC's international activities in FMS are resident at Wright-Patterson AFB and at Eglin AFB, Florida. Notable examples of FMS programs at ASC are: the acquisition of F-I5 aircraft, peculiar support equipment, and country standard technical orders for Israel and Saudi Arabia; the acquisition of F-16 aircraft, peculiar support equipment, and country standard technical orders for Egypt, Israel, the Republic of Korea, Pakistan, Portugal, Thailand, and Turkey; F-16 co-production with Belgium, Denmark, Israel, the Republic of Korea, the Netherlands, Norway, and Singapore; the acquisition of F100 and F110 turbofan engines, plus peculiar support equipment and modification kits, for Egypt, Greece, Israel, the Republic of Korea, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, and Turkey; the co-production of F100 and F110 engines with Belgium, Denmark, the Republic of Korea, the Netherlands, Norway, and Turkey; the acquisition of, and the provision of follow-on support for, the Sharpshooter-Pathfinder derivatives of LANTIRN for Egypt, Israel, the Republic of Korea, and Turkey; and the acquisition of F-l 11 Digital Flight Control Systems for Australia. At Eglin, ASC oversees numerous FMS acquisition efforts for bombs and air-to-ground and air-to-air missile systems. More specifically, it manages the AGM-120, GBU-15, and FMU- 81 Iftt'DLSAM Journal Spring 1994 143B programs for Israel and the Netherlands; the acquisition of AIM-9P-4 Sidewinder missiles and the integration of HARM missiles into F-16 aircraft for Greece, the Republic of Korea, and Taiwan; and the acquisition of the AIM-20 AMRAAM for Germany, the Republic of Korea, Turkey, and the U.K. It is also involved with the FCT of munitions from France, Israel, Sweden, and the U.K., and supports DEA initiatives with Australia, Canada, France, Germany, Israel, Japan, the Republic of Korea, and the U.K. ASC is responsible for four International Agreements and 15 DEAs. It is also engaged in FCT projects with France, Israel, Russia, Sweden, and the U.K.; monitors U.S.-Canada DDSP programs; has several Nunn Amendment projects; and, through Wright Laboratory, is engaged in international R&D activities. ASC's FCT activities were especially intense between 1980 and 1992, when it participated in 27 projects valued at $44M, representing nearly half of the entire US AF FCT effort. Six resulted in procurements worth $447M. This amount reflected significant savings, since system validation costs were less than ten percent of procurement costs. ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS CENTER (ESC) ESC, at Hanscom AFB, Massachusetts, is USAF's center of excellence for the development and acquisition of Command, Control, Communications, Computer and Intelligence (C4I) Systems. It develops and acquires systems integrating computers, radars, information displays, and communications hardware and software. These are designed to provide battlefield commanders, operating in hostile environments, with information to prepare and execute battle plans. ESC is the parent organization for Rome Laboratory, which has been tasked to provide technology support for C4I activities. Historically, ESC's primary R&D interests have been in long range airborne and ground radars, radio- and tele-communications, intelligence gathering and analysis, and command center computers and displays. The Center was instrumental in fielding the Airborne Warning and Control System (AWACS), the Ballistic Missile Early Warning System, the Joint Surveillance Target Attack Radar System (JSTARS), and the North American Aerospace Defense (NORAD) Command Center at Cheyenne Mountain, Colorado. ESC's international activities consist of managing Security Assistance programs, administering DEAs, conducting FCT, and administering cooperative development and acquisition programs. ESC currently supports 21 FMS cases, valued at $8.7B, with 12 countries. The most significant are the AWACS efforts with France, Japan, NATO, Saudi Arabia, and the U.K., and the PEACE SHIELD Program for Saudi Arabia. ESC is involved in eight cooperative arrangements with seven countries. The most notable are the development and production program of the Joint Tactical Information Distribution System (JTJJDS) with the U.K., FCT of a French Imagery Satellite Ground Station and of Israeli and Italian Distance Measuring Equipment and Precision Airborne Interrogators for Microwave Landing Systems, and research with Australia concerned with over-the-horizon radar. IfWDISAM Journal, Spring 1994 82 HUMAN SYSTEMS CENTER (HSC) HSC, located at Brooks AFB, Texas, is responsible for USAF's R&D in the biological, chemical, human, and human-machine interaction aspects of USAF weapon systems and air- warfare. It focuses on four functional areas: Crew Systems, Human Resources, Aerospace Medicine, Occupational and Environmental Health, and Environics. The Armstrong Laboratory, the Human Systems Program Office, the 648th Medical Squadron, the 615th School Squadron, and the USAF School of Aerospace Medicine are also under HSC's jurisdiction. The Human Systems Program Office develops and acquires systems for defensive chemical warfare, life support, air base support, and aeromedical care of casualties. The School of Aerospace Medicine trains all USAF medical personnel who work directly in the aerospace medicine program. SPACE AND MISSILE SYSTEMS CENTER (SMC) SMC is headquartered at Los Angeles AFB, California. It manages Detachment 10, SMC, in San Bernadino, California, and has operating locations at Onizuka and Vandenberg AFBs in California, Patrick AFB in Florida, and Falcon AFB in Colorado. SMC is also die parent organization of Phillips Laboratory. SMC is responsible for the R&D, acquisition, and on-orbit testing and sustainment of military space and missile systems. Additional duties include space-vehicle launch management; in- orbit checkout of space satellites, and assisting Air Force Space Command in satellite tracking, data acquisition, and command and control activities. SMC also provides technical and management support for the NAVSTAR Global Positioning System (GPS), the MILSTAR Satellite, the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program, and the Titan IY Launch Vehicle Project Besides FMS activities in support of GPS, SMC is also involved in international cooperative ventures. It is working with the U.K. and France to develop an International Military Communications Satellite for Communications (INMILSAT); with the U.K. to evaluate an ion propulsion thruster to reposition space satellites; and with Russia to evaluate its high power rocket engines. The MILSATCOM Joint Program Office is working with Canada, the U.K., and NATO to update MJL-STD-1810 [Medium Data Rate (MDR) Wave Form] to be used by all participating countries. INTERNATIONAL ACTIVITIES OF THE AFMC "SUPER LABORATORIES" Some of the most significant international activities in AFMC result from person-to-person contacts initiated by AFMC laboratory personnel. The scientists and engineers of the Armstrong, Phillips, Rome, and Wright Laboratories are active in the life of the international scientific community. Laboratory personnel present the results of investigations at international symposia, sponsor and host international meetings and workshops, and, as Principal Technical Officers (PTOS), administer DEAs. They also are active in NATO's technical-scientific endeavors. For example, they staff committees and working groups of the Advisory Group of Aerospace Research and Development (AGARD)—twenty-one are serving on nine AGARD technical panels—furnish professional and financial assistance for the SHAPE Technical Center, support the National Armaments Directors, and support research at the von Karman Institute in Brussels. 83 1JU "DISXM.journal, Spring 1994 ARMSTRONG LABORATORY The Armstrong Laboratory, under HSC, is headquartered at Brooks AFB. As AFMC's center of excellence in human-centered science and technology, its functional responsibilities include research, development, and specialized operational support for crew-systems integration, aerospace medicine, occupational and environmental health, human resources, and environmental quality. Armstrong's seven directorates—Aerospace Medicine, Crew Systems, Environics, Human Resources, Occupational and Environmental Health, Plans and Programs, and Operations and Support—are located at Brooks AFB, Texas, Tyndall AFB, Florida, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio, Mesa, Arizona, and Okinawa, Japan. The lab has approximately 1,500 employees, of which nearly 700 are scientists or engineers. The laboratory supports two MOUs and 6 DEAs with Australia, Canada, France, Germany, Israel, the Netherlands, and Sweden. These are in the fields of crew technology for military aircraft, psychological R&D, aerospace medicine biodynamics and human factors technology, and human performance and stress. The Laboratory also participates in seven Army DEAs in the fields of defense against chemical and biological warfare agents, detection methods of chemical warfare agents, and military medicine. Armstrong's Aerospace Medicine Directorate is NATO's focal point for studies on the effects of high sustained "Gs" on cardiac dimensions and pilot performance. It maintains a data base for program participants. An exemplary international effort is in "Super-Cockpit Technologies." This work, with France and the U.K., will optimize the facilities, technology, and expertise in each country to develop and validate control and display concepts and devices in order to enhance weapon systems performance of tactical aircraft. PHILLIPS LABORATORY Phillips Laboratory, falling under SMC, has facilities at Kirtland AFB, New Mexico, Hanscom AFB, Massachusetts, and Edwards AFB, California, plus smaller sites in Hawaii, Florida, and Alaska. It performs USAF's R&D in support of space and missile technology, geophysics, propulsion, directed energy, and advanced weapons. Each of its technical directorates—Advanced Weapons and Survivability, Geophysics, Lasers and Imaging, Propulsion Space and Missiles, Technology, and Space Experiments—is engaged internationally. For example, work is underway with France on spacecraft charging and interaction with its environment, infrared atmospheric physics, and solar mass ejections; with the U.K. on solar surface magneto-convection, atmospheric aerosol back scatter, electric propulsion, and space-based satellite surveillance; and with Canada on high-power management and distribution, thermal control, signal processing, and large structure control. The lab participates in numerous International and Multinational Agreements and DEAs with Australia, Canada, France, Germany, Israel, Japan, Norway, Spain, the U.K., and New Zealand. ROME LABORATORY Rome Laboratory at Griffiss AFB, New York, is managed by ESC. It is AFMC's center of excellence for R&D activities related to C4I, i.e., for developing techniques and equipment for the Ofo QISXMJournal, Spring 1994 84 surveillance of ground and aerospace objects, for inter-theater and intra-theater survivable communications, for battle management information systems, and the handling of intelligence data. The laboratory has four directorates, three (Surveillance and Photonics; Command, Control, and Communications; and Intelligence and Reconnaissance) at Griffiss and one (Electromagnetics and Reliability) at Hanscom. Rome is a key player in ESC's FCT and cooperative programs. It oversees three International Agreements and 16 DEAs with Australia, Canada, France, Germany, Israel, Japan, the Republic of Korea, Netherlands, Norway, and the U.K. Furthermore, lab personnel support "The Technical Cooperation Program" (TTCP), which is a joint R&D program with Australia, Canada, New Zealand, and the U.K., and TTCP subgroups dealing with Infra-Red (IR) & Electro-Optics (EO) Sensor Technology, Fiber Optics/Integrated Optics, Communications Technology, Optical Communications, Satellite Communications, Radar Technology, Signal Processing, and Computer Technology. They also support NATO panels for Fiber Optics and Integrated Optics, Speech Processing, Software, and Imagery. WRIGHT LABORATORY Wright Laboratory, headquartered at Wright-Patterson AFB, is the largest of the "super" Labs and comes under ASC. Its seven technical directorates—Aero Propulsion and Power, Armament, Avionics, Flight Dynamics, Manufacturing, Materials, and Solid State Electronics— perform R&D to support the aeronautical systems of the USAF. Except for the Armament Directorate at Eglin AFB, all of the directorates are at Wright-Patterson. The Laboratory employs approximately 2,600 military and civilian personnel of whom 70 percent are scientists or engineers. The Laboratory is responsible for 19 International Agreements and over 60 DEAs. It is also engaged in cooperative ventures with Australia, Brazil, Canada, France, Germany, Israel, Japan, the Republic of Korea, the Netherlands, Spain, Switzerland, and the U.K. These include investigations on ducted rocket technology, Titanium alloys, advanced processing techniques, advanced missile propulsion technology, aircraft flight controls, and modular avionics. The Laboratory is also involved in multilateral efforts to develop a standardized architecture for avionics. TEST CENTERS AFMC possesses three major test centers for its Test and Evaluation (T&E) functions. Each has unique testing assets to deal with the different performance aspects of modern aerospace weapon systems. These facilities are in constant demand to support USAF programs and those of friendly nations, both under the FMS and cooperative umbrellas. ARNOLD ENGINEERING DEVELOPMENT CENTER (AEDC) AEDC possesses the USAF's premier aerodynamic and propulsion simulation test facilities. Located at Arnold AFB, Tennessee, it has more than fifty wind tunnels, high enthalpy arc tunnels, ballistic ranges, rocket and jet engine high altitude test cells, and space environmental chambers. (Twenty-seven of these facilities are unique in the world.) AEDC is also in the forefront of development of advanced diagnostic tools to support new testing techniques. c 85 Iht<D1S%MJournal, Spring 1994 AEDC has a singular capability to simulate aerospace systems, under conditions closely approximating flight and space environments. Flight regimes at altitudes between sea level and outer space and at velocities from subsonic to greater than Mach 20 can be easily simulated Its space environmental chambers can simulate rarefied space conditions between 200 and 1,000 miles in altitude. AEDC also possesses the only national facility for testing solid propellant rocket motors, strapped-down and in-place, at simulated flight conditions. The Center's international activities have focused on providing testing and analysis services to foreign military and commercial customers and in supporting cooperative testing programs. It is also responsible for one International Agreement, twelve DEAs, and two FCT efforts. Because of their unique expertise, AEDC's staff is a prime source of manpower for AGARD committees and working groups in aerodynamics, propulsion, and aerodynamic and propulsion T&E. AEDC also contributes personnel to NATO's von Karman Institute in Belgium, e.g., to its Board of Directors, its Advisory Council, and as researchers, lecturers and visiting faculty. AIR FORCE DEVELOPMENT TEST CENTER (AFDTC) AFDTC is located at Eglin AFB, Florida. Its mission is to plan, direct, and conduct the T&E of non-nuclear munitions, electronic combat, and navigation/guidance systems. The Test Center accomplishes its missions through its two component wings—the 96th Air Base Wing and the 46th Test Wing. The 96th Air Base Wing performs housekeeping services for Eglin, while the 46th Test Wing manages the overall T&E program, all the land test ranges on the 724 square mile Eglin complex, as well as 86,500 square miles of water ranges in the Gulf of Mexico. The 46th Test Wing is equipped with approximately 31 aircraft of various types and highly instrumented ground facilities. Testing is performed, under a variety of environmental and realistically simulated combat conditions for aircraft systems, subsystems, missiles, guns, bombs, rockets, targets and drones, high-powered radars, and airborne electronic combat equipment. One of the Test Wing's unique assets is the McKinley Climatic Laboratory, capable of testing hardware as large as bombers at temperatures from minus 65 to plus 165 degrees Fahrenheit in 100 mph wind, icing, cloudy, rain, and snow conditions. Under the 46th Test Wing is the 46th Test Group at Holloman AFB, New Mexico. Among its unique facilities are a ten mile, high-speed test track, two Radar Target Scatter (RATSCAT) measurement facilities, and the DoD Central Inertial Guidance Test Facility. AFDTC's international activities include management of one International Agreement and three DEAs and providing T&E support for DEAs managed by other AFMC organizations. The latter requires AFDTC to work with the air forces of Australia, Bahrain, Canada, Egypt, France, Germany, Greece Indonesia, Japan, Pakistan, the Republic of Korea, Singapore, Thailand, Turkey, the U.K., and Venezuela. AFDTC also performs FCT of aerospace technology and munitions from France, Israel, Germany, and the U.K. and provides testing services in support of FMS programs with Egypt, Israel, the Republic of Korea, Saudi Arabia, Taiwan, and Turkey. The 46th Test Wing is also doing electronic combat testing for Belgium, Canada, Norway, the Republic of Korea, Turkey, and the U.K. In addition, the testing of AMRAAM systems sold through Security Assistance to Germany, Norway, the Republic of Korea, Turkey, and the U.K. will be performed at Eglin. The 'DISXM.Jcwnai, Spring 1994 86