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ABSTRACT Topics Included in the Proceedings: "Temporary Deafferentation - Induced Changes of Neural Networks in the SI Cortex of Rats" "Integration of Eye Movements and Visual Inputs at the Level of the Lateral Geneculate Nucleus" "Functional MRI on Cortical Control of Motor Behaviors" "Mapping and Modeling Human Neural Systems" "Imaging Brain Functions and Dysfunction" "Prefrontal Activations During Different Memory Processing: fMRI Studies" "Agrammatism in Broca's Aphasia: Dissociation of Sentence Production and Comprehension" "The Neuroanatomy of Sentence Comprehension" "Linking Visual Attention and Awareness with Functional MRI" "Implicit and Explicit Representations of Visual Space: Effects of Bilateral Parietal Damage" 15. SUBJECT TERMS Cognitive and behavioral neuroscience 16. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF: 17. LIMITATION OF 18. NUMBE 19a. NAME OF RESPONSIBLE PERSON a. REPORT b. ABSTRACT C. THIS PAGE ABSTRACT OF Terence J. Lyons, M.D. PAGES U U U uu 41 19b. TELEPHONE NUMBER (Include area code) +81-3-5410-4409 Standard Form 298 (Rev. 8/98) Second Korea-US Joint Workshop on Brain Science Cognitive and Behavioral Neuroscience January 12-13,2000 KAIST, Taejon, Korea Organized by Brain Science Research Center, KAIST Supported by Korean Ministry of Science and Technology Asian Office of Aerospace Research & Development, US Air Force Office of Scientific Researches Invited Speakers Hyung-Cheul Shin (Hallym Univ.) Joseph Malpeli (Univ. of Illinois) Kyoung-Min Lee (SNU) Peter Fox (Univ. of Texas, San Antonio) Stephen Karlik (Univ. of Western Ontario) Eunjoo Kang (SNU) Kichun Nam (Korea Univ.) Edgar Zurif (Brandeis Univ.) Geraint Rees (Cal Tech) Min-Shik Kim (Yonsei Univ.) Organizing Committee Hemin Chin (NIH) ChanSub Chung (Yonsei Univ.) Choongkil Lee (SNU) Jung-Mo Lee (Sungkyunkwan Univ.) Yong Shin (NIH) Preface It is my great pleasure to welcome you all to the Brain Science Research Center at KAIST in Taejon. We join together to hold the second Korea-US Joint Workshop on Brain Science - Cognitive and Behavioral Neuroscience. We expect this workshop provide the opportunities to understand different areas in brain science, and to promote the bilateral cooperation between Korea and US researchers. It must be exciting to explore the mysteries of brain, and it is a critical issue how brain enables mind. These issues and mysteries are broadly discussed in this workshop. The theme of the second workshop covers high cognitive brain functions such as single cell recording and brain imaging studies, selective attention, and language. I would like to thank the organizing committee, Drs. Hemin Chin, Yong Shin, ChanSub Chung, Jung-Mo Lee, and Choongkil Lee. Our thanks also go to the invited speakers for their sharing their exciting results with us. I also would like to thank the BSRC researchers and staffs for their hard work in organizing this workshop. Thanks are also due to our sponsors, i.e., Korean Ministry of Science and Technology and Asian Office of Aerospace Research & Development, US Air Force Office of Scientific Researches. Thank you all for your participation. January 2000 Soo-Young Lee Director, Brain Science Research Center (BSRC) Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Cognitive and Behavioral Neuroscience Program January 12 (Wed) 9:00 - 9:30 am Registration 9:30-10:00 am Opening Remark Soo-Young Lee (BSRC, KAIST) Congratulatory Remark Chair: Choonkil Lee (Department of Psychology , SNU) 10:00-11:00 am Temporary Deafferentation -Induced Changes of Neural Networks in the SI Cortex of rats Hyung-Cheul Shin (Department of Physiology, Hallym Univ.) 1 11:00-12:00 am Integration of Eye Movements and Visual Inputs at the Level of the Lateral Geneculate Nucleus Joseph Malpeli (Department of Psychology, Univ. of Illinois) 5 12:00-1:30 pm Lunch Chair: Dongsoo Lee (Department of Nuclear Medicine, SNU) 1:30-2:30 pm Functional MRI on Cortical Control of Motor Behaviors Kyoung-Min Lee (Department of Neurology and Interdisciplinary Program of Cognitive Science, SNU) 9 2:30-3:30 pm Mapping and Modelling Human Neural Systems Peter Fox (Department of Psychology, Univ. of Texas at San Antonio) 12 3:30-4:00 pm Coffee Break Chair: Sungll Kim (Department of Industrial Psychology, Kwangwoon Univ.) 4:00-5:00 pm Imaging Brain Function and Dysfunction Stephen J. Karlik (Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Univ. of Western Ontario) 16 5:00-6:00 pm Prefrontal Activations during Different Memory Processing: fMRI Studies Eunjoo Kang (Department of Neurology, SNU) 20 0:30- Reception Second Korea-US Joint Workshop on Brain Science January 13 (Thu) Chair: Jung-Mo Lee (Department of Psychology , Sungkyunkwan Univ.) |0:ÖÖ-il :0b am Agrammatism in Broca's aphasia: Dissociation of Sentence Production and Comprehension Kichun Nam (Department of Psychology, Korea Univ.) 27 | i :00-12:00 am The Neuroanatomy of Sentence Comprehension Edgar Zurif (Volen Center for Complex System, Brandeis Univ.) 31 12:00-1:30 pm Lunch Chair: ChanSub Chung (Department of Psychology, Yonsei Univ.) 1:30-2:30 pm Linking Visual Attention and Awareness with Functional MRI Geraint Rees (Division of Biology, Cal Tech) 34 2:30-3:30 pm Implicit and Explicit Representations of Visual Space: Effects of Bilateral Parietal Damage Min-Shik Kim (Department of Psychology, Yonsei Univ.) 38 3:30 pm Closing Remark Soo-Young Lee (BSRC, KAIST) pi:Öb-6:Öb pm Closed Discussion in Second Korea-US Joint Workshop on Brain Science Hyung-Cheul Shin, Ph.D. Professor Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University 1-Okchun-dong, Chunchon, Kangwon-do, #200-702 Mail: [email protected] Education 1982 Dept. of Biochemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul (graduated) 1982.5-1987.2 Dept. of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Texas Health Science Center at Dallas (Southwestern Medical School) (Ph.D.) Academic positions 1982-87 University of Texas Health Science Center at Dallas (UTHSCD), Southwestern Medical School, Research Assistant, Predoctoral fellow 1987-89 Hahnemann Medical School, Instructor, Postdoctoral Fellow Dept. of Physiology and Biophysics, Philadelphia, PA 1989-92 Harvard Medical School, Instructor, Dept. Anesthesia Res. Labs Brigham and Women's Hospital, Researcher 1992-92 Research Institute for the Development of New Drug, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National Univ. Researcher 1992-94 Brain Pool Professor, Korean Ministry of Education and Korea Science Foundation 1992 Dept. of Physiology, Coll. Med. Hallym Univ., Professor Current Research Interests - Beta-amyloid actions on the neural information processing - Brain Mechanisms of Acupuncture-induced Immune Activation & Thermoregulation - Sensory Substitution: Visual to Tactile Conversion - Plastic changes of neural networks and neural circuits in the somatosensory system - Hypothermia-induced changes of afferent sensory transmission & receptive field changes in the CNS - The effects of Interleukins on the somatosensory transmission - Membrane excitability changes of single nerve fibers dissected from rats exhibiting neuropathic pain - Interhemispheric transfer of plasticity in VPL thalamus - Activity dependent changes of synaptic transmission in the somatosensory cortex ■■»■■■■■■^ Cognitive and Behavioral Neuroscience Temporary Deafferentation - Induced Changes of Neural Networks in the SI Cortex of Rats Hyung-Cheul Shin Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University We have carried out simultaneous many (up to 15) single unit recordings from the primary somatosensory (SI) cortex of anesthetized rats before and after temporary deafferentation (TD) to the receptive field (RF, forepaw digits) by the injection of lidocaine (1-2%). The blocking of afferent transmission and the emergence of new RF were quantitatively determined by the analysis of the post-stimulus time histograms. Responsiveness to the RF stimulation was diminished by 86.44+ 3.5% at 10 min after lidocaine injection to the RF center, while it was augmented by 21.58+ 9.5% at 10 min after TD to the outside of the RF. Changes of functional connectivity patterns among simultaneously recorded neurons were determined by analyzing spike-triggered cross-correlograms. Co-firing patterns were frequently observed either from spontaneously active neurons or from peripherally activated neurons and they were usually diminished and then recovered during TD. Cells showing less strong responsiveness to the RF activation received both strong excitatory inputs from RF center cells and weak excitations form RF boundary cells. During TD, inputs from RF center cells were reduced and then recovered, while weak excitations from RF boundary cells became stronger and then weakened. These results provide evidences that the emergence of new RF after TD may actually involve the activation of originally weak, latent connections, (supported by a '98 grant to HCShin from the Korean Ministry of Science & Engineering and the Brain Science Research Program). Introduction It is well known that peripheral sensory deprivation (deafferentation) induces receptive field (RF) changes and consequent reorganization of the body representation (somatotopy) within the centreal somatosensory system of adult animals after pathological/experimental lesions at various levels of this system (Nicolelis et al., 1993; Faggin et al., 1997). Reversible changes RF (such as changes of RF size or appearnce of new RF (NRF)) of somatosensory neurons can occur rapidly, within minutes, in response to temporary RF lesions (Merzenich et al., 1983; Calford and Tweedale, 1988; Donoghue et al., 1990). This somatosensory plasticity involves: 1) increase of the excitablility of neurons, 2) disinhibition of lateral inhibition and 3) changes of synaptic strength among neurons. Thus, there is a strong possibility of the dynamic changes neuronal networks among somatosensory neurons during temporary deafferentation (TD) of peripheral RF. However, there has been no systematic study to verify this possibility. Purpose Simultaneous many-single unit recordings from the prumary somatosensory (SI) cortex and the ventral poserior lateral (VPL) thalamus of anesthetized rats were done to characterize the changes of neural networks among somatosensory neurons following temporary deafferentation (TD) of local anesthesia to the RF (forepaw). Methods Adult Sprague-Dawley rats (200-300g n=10) were anesthetized with urethane (i.p. 20%, 7ml/kg). For Second Korea-US Joint Workshop on Brain Science single unit recording, craniotomy was done over the forepaw area of the SI cortex (0-1 mm rostral from bregma, 3-5mm lateral from midline). Tungsten wire (diameter 50y m, teflon-coated, 4X2 array) electrodes were driven to the layer IV of the SI cortex. Bipolar concentric stimulating electrode (1Hz, lms duration, 1.5-3V) was subcutaneously inserted under the RF (forepaw digit) to activate periperal sensors. Isolation of individual units was done by using spike sorting function of the NEX program. After 30 min of neural recording, 2% lidocaine (30 u 1) was injected under the peripheral RF, s.c, to induce temporary deafferentation (TD). Post-stimulus time histogram (PSTH) was analyzed to quantiatate neuronal responsiveness to the peripheral stimulation and spike-triggered crosscorrelation analysis was carried out to examine any changes of neural connectivities among neurons. Results and Discussion Evoked unit responses of SI cortex and VPL thalamic neurons were facilitated by the local anesthetic deafferentation (TD) in the RF boundary, but they were suppressed by TD in the RF center. This suggests that the presence of lateral suppressions among neurons (Smith and Gilbert, 1994). We have also shown TD-induced disappearnce of the lateral suppressions from RF center cells to the RF boundary cells. It has been reported that the blockade of GABAergic transmission caused the expansion of neuronal RF (Land et al, 1995). TD-induced abolition or weakening of the cofiring activities among RF center cells were frequently observed in this study. These RF center cells were excitated by unknown common inputs(s), which may be thalamocortical afferents (Jensen and Killackey, 1987). However, TD enhanced the cofiring activities among RF boundary cells. Present study also showed the appearance of newly firing neurons and new crosscorrelation among neurons following TD to the RF center. TD strengthened the originally weak excitatory inputs from the RF boundary cells to the RF center cells. This may explain the previously reported RF expansion to the RF neighbour after TD to the RF center (Calford & Teedale, 1988). We have also noticed that a newly firing cell was activated by a RF boundary cell after TD. This emergence of new excitatory connections from RF boundary to RF outside cell may be responsible for the emergence of the NRF. During TD, occurrence of new firing and new excitatory connections were more frequently observed in the SI cortex than in the VPL thalamus. This indicates that SI cortex is more plastic than VPL thalamus. In this study, corticothalamic components were faciliated, while thalamocortical ascending transmissions were suppressed by TD in the RF center cells, suggesting thalamic reorganization may also involve corticofugal projections. Krupa et al have shown that cortical inactivation also significantly reduced but did not completely eliminate the occurrence of VPM receptive field reorganization resulting from the reversible peripheral deafferentation (PNAS, 1999). Conclusion These results of this study provide evidences that the reversible RF changes of the central somatosensory system after TD may actually involve dynamic alterations of the global as well as local neural networks present in SI cortex and VPL thalamus.