INTERNET DOCUMENT INFORMATION FORM A. Report Title: Maritime Claims Reference Manual, DOD 2005.1 M B. DATE Report Downloaded From the Internet: 17 Jim 98 C. Report's Point of Contact: (Name, Organization, Address, Office Symbol, & Ph #: Under Secretary of Defense for Policy D. Currently Applicable Classification Level: Unclassified E. Distribution Statement A: Approved for Public Release F. The foregoing information was compiled and provided by: DTIC-OCA, Initials: PM Preparation Date: 17 Jun 98 The foregoing information should exactly correspond to the Title, Report Number, and the Date on the accompanying report document. If there are mismatches, or other questions, contact the above OCA Representative for resolution. Di^:.,'-ic-n Ur..1iiiutai 19980618 127 fcTlC QUALITY INSPECTED I DoD2005.1-M MARITIME CLAIMS REFERENCE MANUAL JANUARY 1997 UNDER SECRETARY OF DEFENSE FOR POLICY THE UNDER SECRETARY OF DEFENSE 2000 DEFENSE PENTAGON WASHINGTON. DC 20301-2000 FOREWORD This Manual is reissued under the authority of DoD Instruction C-2005.1, "U.S. Program for the Exercise of Navigation and Overflight Rights at Sea (U)," June 21, 1983. Its purpose is to provide a general reference concerning the maritime claims of all coastal nations. The Maritime Claims Reference Manual of July 12, 1990, is hereby cancelled. This Manual is provided for use by all elements of the Department of Defense, including the Office of the Secretary of Defense (OSD), the Military Departments, the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, the Combatant Commands, the Defense Agencies, and DoD Field Activities (hereafter referred to collectively as "the DoD Components"). This Manual is effective immediately and shall be used by all the DoD Components. The heads of the DoD Components may issue supplementary information not inconsistent with this Manual when necessary to provide for unique requirements within their respective Components. In case of conflict with any other source of information issued within the Department of Defense, the information in this Manual takes precedence. The maritime claims references in this Manual represent claims made by the coastal nations. Some of the claims are inconsistent with international law. The United States does not recognize those maritime claims that are not in conformity with customary international law, as reflected in the 1982 U.N. Law of the Sea Convention. Examples include excessive straight baseline claims, territorial sea claims in excess of 12 nautical miles, and other claims that unlawfully impede freedom of navigation and overflight. This Manual notes many instances in which the United States has protested excessive claims and conducted operational assertions against such excessive claims under the Freedom of Navigation Program. Failure to categorize any maritime claim as excessive within this Manual does not indicate U.S. acceptance of excessive claims. Send recommended changes and updated information on maritime claims, with supporting documentation, if possible, to the agent responsible for preparation of this Manual: Department of Defense Representative for Oceans Policy Affairs Washington, DC 20301-2400 Phone: (703)697-9161 DSN 227-9161 Fax: (703) 695-8073 DSN 225-8073 DoD Components may obtain copies of this Manual through their chain of command within their respective DoD Component. Other Federal Agencies and the public may obtain copies by downloading this Manual from the DoD Home Page on the World Wide Web [http://www.dtic.mil/defenselink/pubs], or from the U.S. Department of Commerce, National Technical Information Service, 5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield, VA 22161. dj • ^<^hM/(^-~~-^ Jan 97 DoD 2005.1-M TABLE OF CONTENTS PARTS PAGES 1. General Information 1-1 2. Maritime Claims of Coastal States Albania 2-1 Algeria 2-3 Angola 2-7 Antigua & Barbuda 2-9 Argentina 2-10 Australia 2-15 The Bahamas 2-36 Bahrain 2-37 Bangladesh 2-38 Barbados 2-40 Belgium 2-41 Belize 2-42 Benin 2-43 Bosnia-Herzogovina 2-44 Brazil 2-45 Brunei 2-48 Bulgaria 2-49 Burma 2-51 Cambodia 2-58 Cameroon 2-62 Canada 2-63 Cape Verde 2-78 Chile 2-82 China 2-86 Colombia 2-92 Comoros 2-97 Congo 2-98 Cook Islands 2-99 Costa Rica 2-101 CoteD'lvore 2-104 Croatia 2-105 Cuba 2-110 Cyprus 2-117 Denmark 2-120 Denmark Dependencies 2-128 Djibouti 2-140 Dominica 2-143 Dominican Republic 2-144 iii Ecuador 2-147 Egypt 2-150 El Salvador 2-155 Equatorial Guinea 2-156 Eritrea 2-157 Estonia 2-158 Fiji 2-165 Finland 2-170 France 2-180 French Overseas Departments & Dependencies 2-186 Gabon 2-189 The Gambia 2-190 Georgia 2-192 Germany 2-195 Ghana 2-201 Greece 2-202 Grenada 2-203 Guatemala 2-204 Guinea 2-205 Guinea-Bissau 2-206 Guyana 2-208 Haiti 2-209 Honduras 2-213 Iceland 2-214 India 2-216 Indonesia 2-221 Iran 2-233 Iraq 2-238 Ireland 2-239 Israel 2-244 Italy 2-245 Jamaica 2-252 Japan 2-254 Jordan 2-266 Kenya 2-267 Kiribati 2-270 North Korea 2-271 South Korea 2-274 Kuwait 2-280 Latvia 2-281 Lebanon ...2-283 Liberia 2-284 Libya 2-285 Lithuania 2-287 IV Jan 97 DoD 2005.1-M Madagascar 2-288 Malaysia 2-294 Maldives 2-298 Malta 2-300 Marshall Islands 2-303 Mauritania 2-304 Mauritius 2-306 Mexico 2-309 Federated States of Micronesia 2-315 Monaco 2-316 Morocco 2-317 Mozambique 2-323 Namibia 2-327 Nauru 2-328 Netherlands. 2-329 New Zealand 2-332 New Zealand Dependencies 2-333 Nicaragua 2-334 Nigeria 2-335 Niue 2-336 Norway 2-337 Oman 2-349 Pakistan 2-354 Palau 2-356 Panama 2-357 Papua New Guinea 2-360 Peru 2-364 Philippines 2-366 Poland 2-374 Portugal 2-379 Qatar 2-384 Romania 2-386 Russia 2-387 Saint Kitts & Nevis 2-428 Saint Lucia 2-429 Saint Vincent & the Grenadines 2-431 Sao Tome & Principe 2-432 Saudi Arabia 2-434 Senegal 2-439 Seychelles 2-443 Sierra Leone 2-445 Singapore 2-446 Slovenia 2-448 Solomon Islands 2-449 Somalia 2-455 South Africa 2-456 Spain 2-461 Sri Lanka 2-469 Sudan 2-472 Suriname 2-474 Sweden 2-475 Syria ; 2-490 Taiwan 2-492 Tanzania 2-493 Thailand 2-496 Togo 2-507 Tonga 2-508 Trinidad & Tobago 2-509 Tunisia 2-511 Turkey 2-514 Tuvalu 2-518 Ukraine 2-519 United Arab Emirates 2-521 United Kingdom 2-524 United Kingdom Dependencies 2-540 United States of America 2-546 Uruguay 2-573 Vanuatu 2-577 Venezuela 2-579 Vietnam 2-586 Western Samoa 2-589 Yemen 2-590 Yugoslavia 2-592 Zaire 2-595 VI Jan 97 DoD2005.1-M ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS The following abbreviations and acronyms are used throughout the Manual: 200/CM 200 nm or Continental Margin EEZ Exclusive Economic Zone EIF Entered Into Force EXP Depth of Exploitation LIS Department of State publication, Limits in the Sea LOS Convention 1982 United Nations Law of the Sea Convention m Meters nm Nautical Miles (2000 yards = 1852 m) 1958 DEF Definition of Continental Shelf contained in the 1958 Geneva Convention on the Continental Shelf, which is "the seabed and subsoil of the submarine areas adjacent to the coast but outside the area of the territorial sea, to a depth of 200 meters or, beyond that limit, to where the depth of the superjacent waters admits the exploitation of the natural resources of the said areas." VII Jan 97 DoD 2005.1-M GENERAL INFORMATION A. INTRODUCTION This Manual is provided as a reference tool for those needing information regarding the maritime claims of the world's coastal nations. Its principal purpose is to facilitate the Department of Defense Freedom of Navigation Program. Consequently, in selecting data for inclusion, primary emphasis has been placed on information concerning claims that directly affect navigation and overflight. As resources have permitted, however, limited information has also been included concerning other claims (e.g. exclusive economic zones, continental shelf claims, environmental regulations). Every effort has been made to ensure that the claims referenced in this Manual are accurate and up-to-date. Users must bear in mind, however, that foreign statutes and decrees change frequently, particularly following the entry into force of the 1982 U.N. Law of the Sea Convention on 16 November 1994. This Manual will be updated by periodic changes, but users are encouraged to consult other materials in conjunction with this Manual when seeking authoritative determination of any particular claim. It is recommended that operational commanders verify the currency of the Manual with their Unified Command when planning sensitive exercises or operations. Compiling and maintaining an accurate and up-to-date compendium of maritime claims is a sizeable task. For this Manual to remain current, users in the field, particularly the Unified Commands, as well as Defense Attache Offices, must assist in providing new legislation, decrees, or other information that may alter any of the claims described herein. This material should be forwarded to: Department of Defense Representative for Ocean Policy Affairs Washington, DC 20301-2400 FAX: (703)695-8073 DSN 225-8073 PLAD: SECDEF WASHINGTON DC//USDP:REP OPA// This Manual provides a summary sheet listing the maritime claims of each coastal state, including the date of each claim, its source or title, the breadth of the claim where applicable, and notes of significance. Each summary is arranged by headings in the following order: I. TERRITORIAL SEA II. ARCHIPELAGIC, STRAIGHT BASELINES, & HISTORIC CLAIMS 1-1