ID A INSTITUTE FOR DEFENSE ANALYSES Doctrine, Organizations, and Systems for Reception, Staging, Onward Movement, and Integration (RSOI) Operations A. Martin Lidy, Project Leader Douglas R Baird John M. Cook Robert C. Holcomb Samuel H. Packer William J. Sheleski January 1997 Approved for public release; distribution unlimited. - IDA Paper P-3226 Log: H 96-003827 This work was conducted under contract DASW01 94 C 0054, Task T-H9-1384, for the Commander in Chief, U.S. Atlantic Command and the Commanding General, U.S. Army Forces Command (FORSCOM). The publication of this IDA document does not indicate endorsement by the Department of Defense, nor should the contents be construed as reflecting the official position of that Agency. © 1996,1997 Institute for Defense Analyses, 1801 N. Beauregard Street, Alexandria, Virginia 22311-1772 * (703) 845-2000. This material may be reproduced by or for the U.S. Government pursuant to the copyright license under the clause at DFARS 252.227-7013 (10/88). INSTITUTE FOR DEFENSE ANALYSES IDA Paper P-3226 Doctrine, Organizations, and Systems for Reception, Staging, Onward Movement, and Integration (RSOI) Operations A. Martin Lidy, Project Leader Douglas P. Baird John M. Cook Robert C. Holcomb Samuel H. Packer William J. Sheleski PREFACE This report was produced by the Institute for Defense Analyses (IDA) for the Commander in Chief, U.S. Atlantic Command and the Commanding General, U.S. Army Forces Command (FORSCOM) in partial fulfillment of the task "Reception, Staging, Onward Movement, and Integration (RSOI)." The IDA Technical Review Committee for this paper was chaired by Mr. Thomas P. Christie, and consisted of LTG John D. Bruen, USA (Ret.), Mr. Richard S. Miller, MG Ennis C. Whitehead, USA (Ret.), Mr. John C. Tillson, and Mr. Dean D. Dewolfe. iii DOCTRINE, ORGANIZATIONS, AND SYSTEMS FOR RECEPTION, STAGING, ONWARD MOVEMENT, AND INTEGRATION (RSOI) OPERATIONS TABLE OF CONTENTS SU MM A R Y ............................................................................................................ 1 A . B ackground ............................................................................................ 1 B . Study Objectives .................................................................................. 3 C . Study Scope ......................................................................................... 4 D. Issues and Recommendations: Doctrine for RSOI Operations ........... 4 1. Joint D octrine ................................................................................. 4 2. Multi-Service Doctrine ................................................................... 5 3. Service Doctrine - U.S. Army ........................................................ 5 4. Service Doctrine - U.S. Navy ....................................................... 6 5. Service Doctrine - U.S. Air Force ................................................ 6 6. Service Doctrine - U.S. Marine Corps ......................................... 6 7. Combined Doctrine ....................................................................... 7 E. Issues and Recommendations: Joint RSOI Terminology ................... 8 F. Issues and Recommendations: Organization of the Joint and C om bined LO C ...................................................................................... 8 G. Issues and Recommendations: Automated RSOI Planning and Execution Support Systems and Supporting Data ................................. .11 H. Issues and Recommendations: RSOI Reporting Systems and Supporting D ata .................................................................................... 15 I. Organization of Report ......................................................................... 18 1. JOINT, SERVICE, AND COMBINED RSOI DOCTRINE .......... I-1 A. The RSOI Processes ............................................................................... I-1 1. The Lines of Communication ......................................................... 1-2 2. Force D eploym ent .......................................................................... 1-3 3. Reassembly of Combat Capabilities ............................................... 1-3 4. Other Workloads and Tasks ........................................................... 1-5 B. Joint RSOI Doctrine ............................................................................... I-5 1. Current Joint Doctrine Related to RSOI ......................................... I-5 2. Joint Lines of Communication ....................................................... 1-7 3. Joint Air Terminal Doctrine ........................................................... 1-9 4. Joint Water Terminal Doctrine ....................................................... 1-10 C. Multi-Service RSOI Doctrine ................................................................ 1-12 D. Service RSOI Doctrine ........................................................................... 1-12 1. A rm y D octrine ................................................................................ 1-13 2. N aval D octrine ............................................................................... 1-15 3. Air Force Doctrine................................... 1-17 4. Marine Corps Doctrine ................................................................... 1-18 v E. Combined RSOI Doctrine ...................................................................... 1-21 1. N A TO D octrine .............................................................................. 1-21 2. A B CA D octrine .............................................................................. 1-25 3. Doctrine for Other Combined Operations ................... 1-26 II. JOINT RSOI TERMINOLOGY ................................................................ 1-1 A. Authority and Responsibilities of Unified Combatant Commanders .... 11-1 B. Projection of U.S. Military Capabilities ................................................. 11-2 1. Defense Common-User Transportation Resources ........................ 11-3 2. Defense Air Transportation Resources ........................................... 1-4 3. Defense Maritime Transportation Resources ................................. 1-5 4. Cooperative Defense Programs with the Commercial Transportation Industry .................................................................. 11-6 C. Lines of Communication ........................................................................ 11-7 1. Workloads of the Lines of Communication ................................... 11-7 2. Physical Composition of the Lines of Communication .................. 11-8 3. Organizations that Operate Lines of Communication .................... 11-9 4. Segments of the Lines of Communication ..................................... 11-11 D. The Theater Lines of Communication ................................................... 1-14 E. Supporting Nodes of the Theater LOC .................................................. 1-20 1. H olding Ar eas ................................................................................. 11-21 a. Personnel Holding Areas ........................................................ 11-21 b. Materiel Holding Areas ........................................................... 1-21 2. Unit RSOI Processing Areas .......................................................... 11-22 3. Transshipment and Intermodal Transfer Points ............................. 11-24 4. Enroute Support Sites ..................................................................... 11-25 5. Unit, Force, and Sustainment Destinations in the Theater LOC .... 11-26 a. Unit and Force Destinations .................................................... 1-26 b. Sustainment Destinations ........................................................ 11-27 6. R SO I Com plexes ............................................................................ 11-27 F. Maintaining Visibility During a Deployment ........................................ 11-29 G. Theater LOC Command and Control Arrangements ............................. 11-31 H. Recommendations .................................................................................. 11-33 III. ORGANIZATIONS OF THE JOINT AND COMBINED THEATER L O C .............................................................................................................. III-1 A. Responsibilities and Authority of the Geographic Combatant C om m ander ............................................................................................ I-i B. Proposed Functional Command for Theater Support ............................ 111-3 1. Army Alternatives for Theater Support Structure ......................... 11-5 2. A Proposed Joint Theater Support Command Structure ................ 111-7 C. Proposed Organizations for Nodes of the Theater Lines of Communication ................................................................................... r I-10 1. Reception Nodes .......................................................................... rI -10 a. Proposed Joint Water Port Command .................................... rn ]_-11 b. Proposed Joint Aerial Port Command ..................................... n-I-16 2. Other Organizations that Operate Theater LOC Nodes ................. 111-19 3. Recommendations for Node Organizations ................................... 111-20 D. Mode Organizations ....................................................................... In-21 E. Proposed Movement Control Organization ....................................... rn-22 vi IV. AUTOMATED RSOI PLANNING AND EXECUTION SUPPORT SYSTEMS AND SUPPORTING DATA ................................................... IV-I A . B ackground ............................................................................................ IV -1 B. Description of Available Planning Tools that Support Joint RSOI ....... IV-2 1. Strategic-Level Planning Tools ...................................................... IV-2 a. Joint Operation Planning and Execution System .................... IV-3 b. Global Command and Control System ................................... IV-3 2. Strategic TPFDD Development ...................................................... IV-5 a. Analysis of Mobility Platform ................................................ IV-5 b. Dynamic Analysis and Replanning Tool ................. IV-7 c. Joint Flow and Analysis System for Transportation ............... IV-8 3. Theater TPFDD Development ........................................................ IV-9 a. Theater LOC Planning Support .............................................. IV-9 (1) Joint Theater LOC Planning Guide ................................. IV-10 (2) Automated LOC Planning Tool ...................................... IV-11 b. Automated Theater LOC Transportation Assessment Tools.. IV-12 (1) Enhanced Logistics Intratheater Support Tool ................ IV-12 (2) Scenario Unrestricted Mobility Model for Intratheater.. Sim ulation ....................................................................... IV -15 4. Linking Strategic and Theater TPFDDs ......................................... IV-16 5. N ode Planning Tools ...................................................................... IV -18 a. Air Terminal Planning Tool .................................................... IV-19 b. Water Terminal Planning Tool ............................................... IV-20 c. Planning Tools for Other Theater LOC Nodes ....................... IV-21 6. Combined Forces Planning and Execution Tools .......................... IV-21 a. ACE Command and Control Information System .................. IV-21 b. Allied Deployment and Movement System ............................ IV-22 C. Data Requirements to Support Joint RSOI Planning and Execution ..... IV-23 1. Information Needed to Plan Deployment Operations .................... IV-23 2. Information Needed to Replan During Execution .......................... IV-25 V. RSOI REPORTING SYSTEMS AND SUPPORTING DATA ............... V-1 A . B ackground ............................................................................................ V -1 B. Current and Planned Theater Reporting Systems .................................. V-3 1. System Used at the Joint Aerial Port Complexes ........................... V-3 a. Consolidated Aerial Port Subsystem II ................................... V-4 b. Cargo Movement Operations System ..................................... V-5 c. TRANSCOM Regulating and Command and Control Evacuation System .................................................................. V -5 d. Department of the Army Movement Management System- R edesign ................................................................................. V -6 e. Transportation Coordinator's Automated Information Management System II ........................................................... V-7 2. Systems Used at the Joint Water Port Complexes ......................... V-9 C. Other Theater LOC Reporting Systems ............................................... V-10 D. Theater Movement Control Architecture ............................................... V-13 1. Reporting U nits .............................................................................. V -14 2. Reporting Locations ....................................................................... V -15 3. Movement Control Architecture Data and Information Content... V-15 4. Automated System Support ............................................................ V-24 vii Appendix A - Abbreviations and Acronyms Appendix B - Bibliography Appendix C - Glossary LIST OF FIGURES I-1. Joint Doctrine Hierarchy and Status .............................................................. 1-6 11-1. Relationships Between Movement Controllers and Mode and Node O perators ....................................................................................................... 11- 11 11-2 Segments of the Lines of Communication .................................................... 11-12 11-3. Proposed Command and Control Arrangements for Joint RSOI Operations 11-34 HII-1. The Proposed U.S. Army Theater Support Command .................................. 111-5 111-2. The Proposed U.S. Joint Theater Support Command ................................... 111-2 IV- 1. The Allied Command Europe Deployment and Movement System (A DA M S) ...................................................................................................... IV -22 IV-2. Global Transportation System Functional Areas .......................................... IV-26 IV-3 Global Transportation System Source Systems ............................................ IV-27 V-1. DAMMS-R Automated Interfaces ................................................................ V-7 V -2. T C -A IM S. ...................................................................................................... V -8 V-3. Relationships Between ITV and Force Tracking .......................................... V-16 V-4. Platoon Combat Capability ........................................................................... V-21 V -5. Task Force Status .......................................................................................... V -22 V-6. Brigade Task Force Readiness Status ........................................................... V-23 LIST OF TABLES 2. Examples of Contingencies Involving the Deployment of U.S. Forces ........ 2 I- 1. Variations in Theater Lines of Communication ............................................ 1-3 11I-1. Joint Force Package for Water Terminal Operations ................................... 111-12, 13 IV-1. Current Automated Information System and Software Applications Supporting High Level Planning .................................................................. IV-3 IV-2. GCCS Applications and Functions ................................................................ IV-6 IV-3. Current Automated Systems and Software Applications Supporting Theater TPFDD Development ....................................................................... IV-7 IV-4. Current Automated Information Systems and Applications Supporting Theater LOC Development .......................................................................... IV- 13 IV-5. Development of Air and Water Terminal Simulation Tools ........................ IV-18 V-1. Current CAPS II Applications Available at Air Terminals ........................... V-4 V-2. Current Airlift Control Systems .................................................................... V-5 V-3. User Identified GTN Data Elements ............................................................. V-18 viii SUMMARY A. BACKGROUND Recent changes in world politics, including the dissolution of the Soviet Union and the Warsaw Pact, have lessened the likelihood of global military confrontation. This has resulted in a sizable reduction in U.S. military forces and a significant drawdown in the number of U.S. forces stationed overseas. The U.S. military has evolved very quickly from a forward deployed force prepared to meet the challenges of global warfare, to one that must rely on its capability to project forces to any contingency area. The Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff recently published Joint Vision 2010, confirming that the U.S. military is likely to remain largely a force based in the continental United States (CONUS) that must be prepared to meet a wide range of regional challenges. At the same time, there has been a significant increase in the number of regional contingencies requiring the use of military forces. Table 1 illustrates some of the contingencies in which U.S. forces have been involved in recent years. In response to this change in posture, substantial U.S. resources have been invested to improve the strategic mobility triad (airlift, sealift, and prepositioning). Programs such as the acquisition of the C-17 airlift aircraft, the acquisition and conversion of 19 Large, Medium-Speed Roll-on/Roll-off (LMSR) vessels, and increases in prepositioned materiel both ashore and afloat will improve the capability to deliver U.S. forces to any contingency area. Force projection, however, depends also upon the ability to rebuild combat power rapidly and effectively after the deploying material and personnel arrive in the contingency area. Build-up is accomplished by receiving personnel and equipment, reassembling personnel (who normally move by air) with equipment (that normally moves by sea), moving this capability to a location where it can become combat ready, and finally, integrating the capability into a military force capable of accomplishing the assigned mission. These operations, when considered collectively, are referred to as Reception, Staging, Onward Movement, and Integration (RSOI). When performed effectively, RSOI can be a "force multiplier." The faster deploying forces transition from 1 passengers and cargo into combat ready forces, the sooner they will contribute to the success of the mission. Table 1. Examples of Contingencies Involving the Deployment of U.S. Forces Name/Location Dates Type CINC AOR UNTAG 4/89 - 3/90 Treaty Supervision EUCOM Just Cause -Panama 10-89 - 1/90 Foreign Internal Defense SOUTHCOM Sharp Edge - Liberia 5/90 - 9/90 NEO EUCOM Desert Shield/Storm - SWA 8/90 - 3/91 Repel Aggression - UNSCR 661 CENTCOM Eastern Exit 1/91 NEO CENTCOM JTF Provide Comfort - 3/91 - Present Humanitarian Relief - UNSCR 688 EUCOM Turkey Sea Angel I - Bangladesh 5/91 -6/91 Disaster Relief PACOM Various - Caribbean/GTMO 10/91 - 7/93 Refugee Support ACOM Provide Hope -CIS 2/92 Humanitarian Assistance CJCS Sierra Leone 5/92 NEO EUCOM Provide Promise -Balkans 7/92 - 12/95 Humanitarian Assistance-UNSCR EUCOM 743 Southern Watch -SWA/Iraq 8/92 -Present Enforce UNSCR 687 CENTCOM Typhoon Omar - Guam 8/92 - 9/92 Disaster Relief PACOM Restore Hope -Somalia 12/92 -5/93 Peace Enforcement-UNSCR 751 CENTCOM Provide Refuge -Marshall 1/93 Disaster Relief PACOM Islands Deny Flight - Balkans 4/93 - 8/95 Enforce UNSCR 816 EUCOM Sharp Guard - Balkans 6/93 - 6/96 Enforce UNSCR 820 EUCOM Able Sentry -Macedonia 7/93 -Present Enforce UNSCR 795 EUCOM Restore Democracy - Haiti 9/94 -4/96 Peace Supervision - UNSCR 940 ACOM Safe Haven/Distant Haven 9/94-3/95 Refugee Support SOUTHCOM Vigilant Warrior 10/94 Deter Aggression CENTCOM Joint Endeavor - Balkans 12/95 - Present Peace Implementation - UNSCR EUCOM 1035 The largest and most rapid deployment of U.S. forces in this new environment occurred during Operations Desert Shield/Desert Storm, and included U.S. forces both from CONUS and from forward based locations in Europe and the Pacific. Substantial facilities and infrastructure were available to support reception operations during this major regional contingency, and large numbers of personnel and quantities of material were delivered to the contingency area rapidly. However, the lack of joint doctrine, organizations, planning tools, and reporting systems to plan and then execute joint RSOI 2