DSP FOR IN-VEHICLE AND MOBILE SYSTEMS This page intentionally left blank DSP FOR IN-VEHICLE AND MOBILE SYSTEMS Edited by Hüseyin Abut Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA <[email protected]> John H.L. Hansen Robust Speech Processing Group, Center for Spoken Language Research Dept. Speech, Language & Hearing Sciences, Dept. Electrical Engineering University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA <[email protected]> Kazuya Takeda Department of Media Science Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan <[email protected]> Springer eBookISBN: 0-387-22979-5 Print ISBN: 0-387-22978-7 ©2005 Springer Science + Business Media, Inc. Print ©2005Springer Science + Business Media, Inc. Boston All rights reserved No part of this eBook maybe reproducedor transmitted inanyform or byanymeans,electronic, mechanical, recording, or otherwise, without written consent from the Publisher Created in the United States of America Visit Springer's eBookstore at: http://ebooks.kluweronline.com and the Springer Global Website Online at: http://www.springeronline.com DSP for In-Vehicle and Mobile Systems Dedication To Professor Fumitada Itakura This book, “DSP for In-Vehicle and Mobile Systems”, contains a collection of research papers authored by prominent specialists in the field. It is dedicated to Professor Fumitada Itakura of Nagoya University. It is offered as a tribute to his sustained leadership in Digital Signal Processing during a professional career that spans both industry and academe. In many cases, the workreported in this volume has directly built upon or been influenced by the innovative genius of Professor Itakura. While this outstandingbook is a major contribution to our scientific literature, it represents but a small chapter in the anthology of technical contributions made by Professor Itakura. His purview has been broad. But always at the center has been digital signal theory, computational techniques, and human communication. In his early work, as a research scientist at the NTT Corporation, Itakura brought new thinking to bit-rate compression of speech signals. In partnership with Dr. S. Saito, he galvanized the attendees of the 1968 International Congress on Acoustics in Tokyo with his presentation of the Maximum Likelihood Method applied to analysis-synthesis telephony. The presentation included demonstration of speech transmission at 5400 bits/sec with quality higher than heretofore achieved. His concept of an all- pole recursive digital filter whose coefficients are constantly adapted to predict and match the short-time power spectrum of the speech signal caused many colleagues to hurry back to their labs and explore this new direction. From Itakura’s stimulation flowed much new research that led to significant advances in linear prediction, the application of autocorrelation, and eventually useful links between cepstral coefficients and linear prediction. Itakura was active all along this route, contributing among other ideas, new knowledge about the Line Spectral Pair (LSP) as a robust means for encoding predictor coefficients. A valuable by-product of his notion of adaptively matching the power spectrum with an all-pole digital filter gave rise to the Itakura-Saito distance measure, later employed in speech recognition as well as a criterion for low-bit-rate coding, and also used extensively in evaluating speech enhancement algorithms. Itakura’s originality did not escape notice at Bell labs. After protracted legalities, a corporate arrangement was made for sustained exchange of research scientists between ATT and NTT. Fumitada Itakura was the first to initiate the program, which laterencompassed such notables as Sadaoki Furui, Yoh`ichi Tohkura, Steve Levenson, David Roe, and subsequent others from DSP for In-Vehicle and Mobile Systems vi both organizations. At Bell Labs during 1974 and -75, Fumitada ventured into automatic speech recognition, implementing an airline reservation system on an early laboratory computer. Upon his return to his home company Dr. Itakura was given new responsibilities in research management, and his personal reputation attracted exceptional engineering talent to his vibrant organization. Following fifteen years of service with NTT, the challenges of academe beckoned, and Dr. Itakura was appointed Professor of Electrical Engineering in Nagoya University – the university which originally awarded his PhD degree. Since this time he has led research and education in Electrical Engineering, and Acoustic Signal Processing, all the while building upon his expertise in communications and computing. Sophisticated microphone systems to combat noise and reverberation were logical research targets, as exemplified by his paper with colleagues presented in this volume. And, he has continued management responsibilities in contributing to the leadership of the Nagoya University Center for Integrated Acoustic Information Research (CIAIR). Throughout his professional career Professor Itakura has steadily garnered major recognition and technical awards, both national and international. But perhaps none rivals the gratification brought by the recognition bestowed by his own country in 2003 -- when in formal ceremony at the Imperial Palace, with his wife Nobuko in attendance, Professor Itakura was awarded the coveted Shiju-hosko Prize, also known as the Purple Ribbon Medal. To his stellar record of career-long achievement we now add the dedication of this modest technical volume. Its pages are few by comparison to his accomplishments, but the book amply reflects the enormous regard in which Professor Fumitada Itakura is held by his colleagues around the world. Jim Flanagan RutgersUniversity DSP for In-Vehicle and Mobile Systems Table of Contents Dedication v List of Contributors xi Preface xiii Chapter 1 1 Construction and Analysis of a Multi-layered In-car Spoken Dialogue Corpus Nobuo Kawaguchi, ShigekiMatsubara, Itsuki Kishida, Yuki Irie, Hiroya Murao, Yukiko Yamaguchi, Kazuya Takeda, Fumitada Itakura Center for Integrated Acoustic Information Research, Nagoya University, Japan Chapter 2 19 CU-Move: Advanced In-Vehicle Speech Systems for Route Navigation John H.L. Hansen, Xianxian Zhang, Murat Akbacak, Umit H. Yapanel, BryanPellom, Wayne Ward, Pongtep Angkititrakul Robust Speech Processing Group, Center for Spoken Language Research, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA Chapter 3 47 A Spoken Dialog Corpus for Car Telematics Services Masahiko Tateishi1, Katsushi Asami1, Ichiro Akahori1, Scott Judy2, Yasunari Obuchi3, Teruko Mitamura2, Eric Nyberg2, and Nobuo Hataoka4 1Research Laboratories, DENSO CORPORATION, Japan 2Language Technologies Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, USA 3Advanced Research Laboratory, Hitachi Ltd., Japan 4Central Research Laboratory, Hitachi Ltd., Japan Chapter 4 65 Experiences of Multi-speaker Dialogue System for Vehicular Information Retrieval Hsien-chang Wang1, Jhing-fa Wang2 1Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, Taiwan, R.O.C. 2 Department of Electrical Engineering, Taiwan, R.O.C. DSP for In-Vehicle and Mobile Systems viii Chapter 5 83 Robust Dialog Management Architecture using VoiceXML for Car Telematics Systems Yasunari Obuchi1, Eric Nyberg2, Teruko Mitamura2, Scott Judy2, Michael Duggan3, Nobuo Hataoka4 1Advanced Research Laboratory, Hitachi Ltd., Japan, 2Language Technologies Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, USA 3Software Engineering Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, USA 4Central Research Laboratory, Hitachi Ltd., Japan Chapter 6 97 Use of Multiple Speech Recognition Units in an In-car Assistance System Alessio Brutti1, Paolo Coletti1, Luca Cristoforetti1, Petra Geutner2, Alessandro Giacomini1, Mirko Maistrello1, Marco Matassoni1, Maurizio Omologo1, Frank Steffens2, Piergiorgio Svaizer1 1ITC-irst (Centro per la Ricerca Scientifica e Tecnologica), Italy 2Robert Bosch GmbH, Corporate Research and Development, Germany Chapter 7 113 Hi-speed Error Correcting Code LSI for Mobile phone Yuuichi Hamasuna1, Masayasu Hata2, Ichi Takumi3 1DDS Inc., Japan; 2Chubu University, Japan; 3Nagoya Institute of Technology, Japan Chapter 8 123 MCMAC as an Amplitude Spectral Estimator for Speech Enhancement Abdul Wahab1, Tan Eng Chong1, Hüseyin Abut2 1 School of Computer Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore;2ECE Department, San Diego State University, USA Chapter 9 139 Noise Robust Speech Recognition using Prosodic Information Koji Iwano, Takahiro Seki, Sadaoki Furui Department of Computer Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Japan DSP for In-Vehicle and Mobile Systems ix Chapter 10 153 Reduction of Diffuse Noise in Mobile and Vehicular Applications Hamid Sheikhzadeh1, Hamid Reza Abutalebi2, Robert L. Brennan1, George H. Freeman3 1Dspfactory Ltd., Waterloo, Ontario, Canada; 2Electrical Engineering Dept., University of Yazd, Iran; 3Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada Chapter 11 169 Speech Enhancement based on F-Norm Constrained Truncated SVD Algorithm Guo Chen, Soo Ngee Koh, and Ing Yann Soon School of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore Chapter 12 179 Verbkey - A Single-Chip Speech Control for the Automobile Environment RicoPetrick1, DianeHirschfeld1,ThomasRichter1, Rüdiger Hoffmann2 1voice INTER connect GmbH, Dresden,Germany 2Laboratory of Acoustics and Speech Communication, Dresden University of Technology Chapter 13 193 Real-time Transmission of H.264 Video over 802.11B-based Wireless ad hoc Networks E. Masala1, C. F.Chiasserini2, M. Meo2, J. C. De Martin3 1Dipartimento di Automatica e Informatica, Politecnico di Torino, Italy 2Dipartimento di Elettronica, Politecnico di Torino, Italy 3IEIIT-CNR, Politecnico di Torino, Italy Chapter 14 209 DWT Image Compression for Mobile Communication Lifeng Zhang, Tahaharu Kouda, Hiroshi Kondo, TeruoShimomura Kyushu Institute of Technology, Japan