1958 DRUGS IN CURRENT USE drugs IN CURRENT USE Edited by WALTER MODELL, M.D., F.A.C.P. Associate Professor, Clinical Pharmacology, Corne/1 University Medical College SPRINGER SCIENCE+BUSINESS MEDIA, LLC 1958 Copyright, 1958 SPRINGER SCIENCE+B USINESS MEDIA NEW YORK ORIGINALLY PUBLISHED BY SPRINGER PUBLISHING COMPANY, INC. IN 1958 ISBN 978-3-662-39273-7 ISBN 978-3-662-40303-7 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-662-40303-7 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 55-1210 Price: $2.00 Quantity prices: 4 through 9 copies, $1.90 each 10 or more copies, $1.80 each To receive your DRUGS IN CURRENT USE 1959 upon its publication in J anuary 1959, mail this coupon not later than December Ist, 1958. Piease send -----i:opies DRUGS IN CURRENT USE 1959, Modell $2.00* Check (Money order) for $ enclosed - post free (add 3% tax in New York City) Name ...................................................... ····················· Address ...... , . , ............................................................... . . .........••................................................ .................. BB • The $2.00 price and quantity prices in effect for all orders mailed before December 1st, even if the 1959 edition should have a higher Iist price. PREFA.CE This is an annually revised alphabetical listing of drugs; well established drugs, new ones still on trial, old ones of questionable or purely traditional value but still likely to be encountered; and, in addition, some drugs seen only as the cause of poisoning and some that are obviously doomed but which, for sentimental reasons, we are reluctant to discard. Inclusion of a drug in this Iist is not to be taken as a recommendation of utility but merely as a statement of the fact that it is being used. The number of new drugs appearing on the scene is great and, to keep up-to-date, annual revision has been found to be essential. Our purpose is to provide a concise statement of the principal pharmacologic characteristics of drugs in current use; of their major uses; their physical properties; absorption; actions, both therapeutic and toxic; mode of administration; preparations; dos age; specific antidotes against poisoning when these are available a capsule-account of the data essential to the sensible exploitation and safe handling of a drug. In some cases special warnings are noted which draw attention not only to dangerous reactions, con traindications, and questionable utility, but also to instability, spe cial requirements for storage and prevention of deterioration, and to time Iimits before significant loss in potency or change in phar macologic properties. In order to accomplish this in a compact form, the writing is terse; sentences are often incomplete. Very brief statements follow less commonly used or relatively untested drugs. When the properties of one drug are identical or very sim ilar to those of another, the reader may be referred to the latter. In order to keep the book at its present convenient size and still deal with the large number of new drugs, reference is often made to remarks on old and well-established drugs in cases where they apply to new congeners. vi PREFACE Short essays on pharmacologic groups of drugs are also included in the alphabetic listing. These essays deal with problems of use, and actions and dangers characteristic of drugs as a group. The information here is often more detailed than that given for the in dividual drugs which may exhibit only minor variations from the properties of the group as a whole. A list of some of the available drugs in the group follows each essay which may also be used in conjunction with the Statements on individual drugs. Some ther apeutic groups of drugs in common use are also listed. Usually only the drug principle is indicated; separate listings are rarely made of salts of the same basic drug. This is clone to save space and to avoid useless repetition since the actions of drugs attach to their principle, and their salts usually differ only in phys ical properties, such as solubility or taste. For example, only the alkaloidal form of morphine is listed and there is no separate listing for the more commonly used soluble salt, the sulfate. Where prac tical differences do exist, the different forms are listed and de scribed under the heading of the principle rather than separately. In a compact book such as this, it is not possible to list all medic aments on the American market; there are too many, and many are merely minor variations on well-established themes. lnclusion in New and Nonofficial Drugs of the American Medical Associa tion weighed heavily in deciding to include a proprietary preparation in this book. Drugs are described under official names wherever these have been established. Because of widespread usage, proprietary names and synonyms could not be ignored in a realistic presentation; the more common ones are usually included, but their listing is by no means complete. In making such selections, many arbitrary de cisions had to be made, and it was usually on the basis of the Editor's judgment and personal experience that one proprietary name for a drug was omitted and another included. Proprietary names are followed by the symbol®. Only a few of the vast number of mixtures on the market are included. Immunologie agents such as the antigens, allergenic ex tracts, vaccines, toxins, toxoids, antitoxins, etc. are not included. Only a few representative solvents, vehicles, colors, flavors, emul sifying agents, and other pharmaceutic materials without significant pharmacologic action used in making up medicaments are included. Vll PREFACE Dosage is usually indicated but it must be emphasized that a single value such as is usually given here can hardly apply to all patients. This is only the common dose given, but the range of use ful dosage is far broader. Many sources were used in compiling this list: the current as well as older editions of the United States Pharmacopeia (Mack Pub lishing Co.), National F ormulary ( American Pharmaceutic Asso ciation), Useful Drugs (Lippincott), the reports on New and Non official Drugs as they currently appear in the Journal of the American Medical Association in the Reports of the Council on Drugs, and 'Modern Drug Encyclopedia ( Drug Publications). From time to time, comments obviously based on personal opinion are to be found; these may be attributed to the Editor. December 10th, 1957 Walter Modell, M.D. New York Roancled Doeace BqalvaBta for Metrle &Dd Apetlaec&Q 8,._. Weights Apothecary Metric gr.1/JOO 0.0003 Gm. or 0.3 mg. gr.1ftoo 0.0006 Gm. or 0.6 mg. gr. 1/14 0.001 Gm. or 1.0 mg. gr, 1ffll) 0.0012 Gm. or 1.2 mg. gr. 1/ao 0.002 Gm. or 2.0 mg. gr.1fts 0.005 Gm. or 5.0 mg. gr.1;. 0.008 Gm. or 8.0 mg. gr,1f, 0.015 Gm. or 15.0 mg. gr.ss 0.03 Gm. or 30.0 mg. gr. i 0.06 Gm. or 60.0 mg. gr.iss 0.1 Gm. or 100.0 mg. gr. ii 0.12 Gm. gr.iii 0.2 Gm. Liqald gr.v 0.3 Gm. gr. VÜII8 0.5 Gm. Apothecary Metric gr.x 0.6 Gm. gr.xv 1.0 Gm. 111.i 0.06cc. gr. XXX 2.0 Gm. 111.Ü 0.12cc. 111.iii 0.2 cc. 1J1.V 0.3 cc. 11l.VÜJ8 0.5 cc. 11l.X 0.6 cc. 11l.XV 1.0 cc. 1J1.XXX 2.0 cc. si 4.0 cc. sü 8.0 cc. J88 15.0 cc. si 30.0 cc. JÜ 60.0 cc. siv 120.0 cc. Jrii 180.0 cc. Jriii 250.0 cc. quart 1000.0 cc. viii A Powder, contains kaolin, sodium bicar bonate and acetarsone. ACACIA-Gum Arabic Dose: Oral, 0.25 Gm. 2 or 3 times a day, Emulsi/ring agent. A gum, which occurs for 7 days. Vaginal insufllation, powder containing about 0.5 Gm. acetarsone in in tears, fragments or powder. Slowly soluble in water. 4 Gm. Antidote: Dimercaprol. Actions and Uses: Used sometimes as a demulcent, but chiefly as an emulsant. ACETAZOLEAMIDE-Diamox® ACENOCOUMARIN-Sintron@ Diuretic. White powder, soluble in water. Anticoagulant. One of the coumarin de· Absorption: prompt and complete from rivatives, which see, said to have a curve the G.l. tract. Also the sodium salt. of action between that of Dicumarol and Actions and Uses: Diuretic action is Tromexan. Final evaluation requires con· usually prompt. Useful in all cases in siderably more experience. which diuretics are indicated. Used also in the treatment of glaucoma where a ACETANILID localized action may reduce intro-ocular Analgesie and antipyretic. White powder, pressure. slightly soluble in water. Eflectiveness as anticonvulsant in epi Absorption: Weil absorbed from G. I. lepsy has been reported. tract. W arnings: Paresthesias of fingers and Actions and Uses: Although it has anti· toes are common with use but these often pyretic actions and will reduce tempera· disappear while the drug is continued. ture, it is mainly used as an analgesic, Agranulocytosis has been reported which often in headache remedies and similar is not surprising since drug is closely mixtures. It relieves many common aches related to Sulfonamides, which see. and pains, headaches, neuralgias, ar Administration: Oral, parenteral. thralgias, dysmenorrhea, myalgias. Ef Prepa•ations: Tablet, 250 mg. Vials, 500 fects are weil developed within half an mg. hour after oral dose. I t is eliminated in a Dose: 250 to 750 mg. daily in divided conjugated form in the urine. dnses. W"arnings: Its continued use may Iead to the development of methemoglobin ACETIC ACID emia. Caustic and rube/acient. Clear, colorless Administration: Oral. solution containing about 36.5% acetic Preparations: Tablet and powder. Com acid. It may be mixed with water, alcohol pound acetanilid powder is a mixture of and glycerin. Has odor of vinegar and a acetanilid, cafleine and sodium bicar sharp seid taste. bonate. Actions and Uses: Used as a caustic and Dose: 0.2 Gm. rubefacient and as antidote to alkali. Oc casionaily used to treat pediculosis. ACETARSONE-Stovarsol@ Administration: Topical. Antiprotozoal. White or yeilowish pow· Preparations: Glacial Acetic Acid con der, slightly soluble in water. Arsenical. tains about 99.5% acetic seid. Diluted Actions and Uses: Used to destroy par· Acetic Acid contains about 6o/o acetic asites in amebiasis and trichomonas vag· acid. inalis. W arnings: In common with other arsen· ACETOMEROCTOL-Merbak® icals, may darnage kidneys or liver. An organic mercurial antiseptic. See Administration: Oral, vaginal insufllation. Mercury. Preparations: Tablet, 50, 100, 250 mg. Antidote: Dimercaprol. 1 ACETONE 2 ACETONE 50% concentration. Solvent. Clear, colorless volatile fluid Dose: Varies with medication. with a sweet taste. Miseihle with water, ACETYL - BETA - METHYLCHO - alcohol, ether, chloroform. Used for LINE, see Methacholine cleansing. Aetions and Uses: Used as solvent and ACETYLCARBROMAL- sometimes for cleansing instruments. Carbased® Warnings: Never used internally. Non-barbiturate, non-narcotic tranquilizer. Usefulness yet to be determined. A CETOPHENETIDIN-Phenacetin Antipyretie and analgesie. White crystal· ACETYLDIGITOXIN-Acylanid@ line powder with a bitter taste. Slightly Cardiac Stimulant. A recently introduced crystalline digitalis material derived from soluble in water. Absorption: Weil absorbed from G. I. Digitalis lanata. Diflers from digitoxin in more rapid curve of action and incom tract. plete absorption; but in no real sense Aetions and Uses: Eflects are fully de· less toxic. Practical importance remains veloped in about 30 minutes following to be determined. oral administration. They may persist for about 3 hours. Although it has antipy ACETYL-PARA-AMINOPHENOL retic properties, it is used mainly for its -Apamide® analgesic action, relieving many common Analgesie. One of the non-addictive anal and not very serious aches and pains, gesics, which see. headaches, myalgias, neuralgias, arthral ACETYLPHENYLHYDRAZINE gias and dysmenorrhea. Red eell depressant. Crystalline material, Warnings: lts continued use may Iead to slightly soluble in water. methemoglobinemia. A common ingredi· Absorption: Absorbed from G. I. tract. ent of the advertised pain remedies and Actions and Uses; Depresses formation cold eures. of red blood cells, and is used for that Administration: Oral. purpose in treatment of polycythemia Preparations: Tablet and capsule. vera, a condition characterized by ex· Dose: 0.3 Gm. for adults. cessive formation of red blood cells. ACETPYROGALL-Lenigallol® Wa rnings: Depression of red cell forma Caustie. White powder insoluble in tion may be excessive, and all blood water. formation may be inhibited. Slowly elimi Actions and Uses: Liberales pyrogallol nated, tends to be cumulative. slowly, producing painless corrosion. Administration: Oral. Administration: Topical. Preparations: Capsule. Preparations: Powder and ointment. Dose: Usually about 100 mg. daily for a Dose: 5 to 10% concentration. week. After that, a maintenance dose is used, the size and frequency of which ACETRIZOATE-Thixokon@, is determined for each case. Urokon® Diagnostic. White powder, radio-opaque ACETYLSALICYLIC ACID iodide, slightly soluble in water. -Aspirin, Ecotrin® Actions and Uses: Excreted into urine Analgesie and antipyretie. Crystalline and used in x-ray visualization of urinary material which is slightly soluble in tract and renal function tests. Also used water. for angiography and arteriography, in Absorption: Weil absorbed from G. I. cluding cerebral arteries. tract. W arnings: Same as for other iodine com Aetions and Uses: Has entirely nonspe pounds. cific anti pyretic action, relieving all kinds Administration: Intravenous, retrograde. of abnormally elevated temperatures, Preparations: Ampules and vials, 30 to without eflect on the cause of the temp-