eC OGL KD, HG T1377] elk Pe & Recovery Plan for MacFarlane's Four O'Clock (Mirabilis macfarlanei) DRAFT REVISED RECOVERY PLAN FOR MACFARLANE'S FOUR-O'CLOCK (Mirabilis macfarlanei) 1999 Preparebdy Region | U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Portland, Oregon Approved: XXX X Regional Director, Region 1, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Date: XXX X DISCLAIMER PAGE Recovery plans delineate reasonable actions that are believed necessary to recover and protthee scpectie s. Plans are prepared by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, sometimes with the assistance of recovery teams, contractors, State agencies, Tribal agencainde osth,er s. Objectives will be attained and any necessary funds made available subject to budgetary and other constraints affecting the parties involved, as well as the need to address other priorities. Costs indicaftore tdas k implementation and time for achievement of recovery are only estimates and subjteo cchatnge . Recovery plans do not necessarily represent the views nor the official positions or approval of any individuals or agencies involved in rfi an formulation, other than the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Recovepr’y a s represent the official position of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service onl: after they have been signed by the Director or Regional Director as approved. Approved recovery plans are subject to modification as dictated by new findings, changes in species status, and the completion of recovery tasks. Literature Citation: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 1999. Draft Revised Recovery Plar: forM acFarlane’s Four-O’Clock (Mirabilis macfarlanei). U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Portland, Oregon, 49 pp. plus appendices. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY OF MACFARLANE'S FOUR-O'CLOCK DRAFT REVISED RECOVERY PLAN Current Status: Mirabilis macfarlanei (MacFarlane’s four-o’clock) was originally listed as endangeredi n 1979. Since that time, additional populations have been discovered and some populations on Federal lands are being actively monitored. As a result of ongoing recovery efforts M. macfarwals daownnliesteid to threatienn Meardch 1996. It presehasn at relcoyver y prioriotfy 2 . Mirabilis macfarlanei is endemic to portions of the Snake, Salmon, and Imnaha river canyons in Wallowa County in northeast Oregon, and adjacent Idahe County in Idaho. It is currently found in nine populations in Idaho and Oregon. HRabietatq uireanmd Leimintingt Fascto rs: Mirabilis nacfarlanei ise ndemict o low to mid-elevation canyon grassland habitats .n west-central Idaho and northeastern Oregon. Plants are found on gravelly to loamy and sandy soils between approximately 300 and 900 meters (1,000 to 3,000 feet) elevation. Grazing by domestic livestock and the invasion of exotic (nonnative) plants are the greatest threats to this species. Other threats include human trampling, off- road vehicle use, construction and maintenance of roads and trails, and herbicide spraying. Impacts to this species from herbicide spraying in May 1997 may have reduced the populatsiizoen c f M. macfarlanei by approxi1m8 tao t37e pelrcyent . Recovery Objective: Delisting Recovery Criteria: Delisting will be considered when all the following conditions are met: 1. Management practices, in accordance with existing and newly developed habitat management pians, have reduced or controlled threats from human activities, thereby maintaining at least nine populations of the species and sufficient suitable’ habitat throughout its current range in three geographic areas, with stable or increasing numbers for a minimum of 15 consecutive years. Population viability analysis will be used to validate this criteria. Monitoring will demonstrate effectiveness of management practices. Management plans for all populations of M. macfarlanei on public lands will be developed, approved, and implemented within 3 years following publication of the final revised recovery plan. ! Suitable habitat is defined as occupied habitat and potentially suitable, unoccupied habitat. Conservation of occurrences on lands not addressed in agency managpelanms ies fnosttere d. Mirabilis macfarlanei populations on private land should be protected by conservation easements, deed restorr poissicbly tdiriect oacqnuis,itio n. A post-delisting mom toring program for the species is developed and implemented. This program will be developed through coordination with the Bureau of Land Manegement, Forest Service, Fish and Wildlife Actions Needed: Secure essential habitat and implement actions that may be necessary to elimori conntraol tthreeat s. Manage habitat to maintain or enhance viable populoaf tM. imacofanrlasnei . MonitorM . macfarlanei population trends and habitat conditions. _— Letion viebili Sind 7 a appropriate. Conduct research essential to the conservation of the species. Conduct surveys in potential habitat areas in the Hell's Canyon National Recreation Area, administered by the Wailowa- Whitman National Forest (Idaho County, Idaho and Wallowa County, Oregon) and the Cottonwood Resource Area, Bureau of Land Management (Idaho County, Idaho). If additional populations 2 ‘iscseocurve aend rmaneage dha,bita ts appropriately to ensure the long-term persistence of M. macfarlanei. Establish propbaangks,u inlcluedi ng a longse-ed tstoreager famcili ty for M. macfarlanei. If warranted, establish and maintain new populations in areas where M. macfarlanei has been extirpated after intensive surveys have confirmed a Validate and revise recovery objectives. EstiCmosta otf Reecodver y: Partial costs are estimated for some of the tasks/needs for the next 5 fiscal years (FY) to be $133,500 to $158,500. Each FY begoni Ocntobser 1. Total estimated recovery costs will likely increase as new information is received during the agency and public comment period and as iii Date of Recovery: If recovery actions are prompt and effective, delisting mightb e possas iearbly lase 201 3. BecauseM . macfais ar lolng-alivend epereinni al species, an estimated 15 years may be needed to determine population trends. TABLE OF CONTENTS Page EE Sid cece bck vesdseeéccoetsc cccvceccueceeb e ii eS a cid kk ced aah bcceccsstnsbassoccicobesévens 1 UIE ta GSUeocnccecscteaseséusbecceaseataawe l EY 0E.A.00-60 WANED Ue dcdodeds vececcccebeleussead 3 3. SPECIES DESCRIPTION AND LIFE HISTORY ................ 3 4. HABITAT DESCRIPTION .......00.2 c.c c.cee. c.ee e.ee.ee ee 8 5. HISTORIC RANGE AND POPULATION STATUS ............. 9 6. CURRENT RANGE AND POPULATION STATUS ............. 9 7. REASONS FOR DECLINE AND CURRENT THREATS ........ 10 8. CONSERVATION EFFORTS ... .....60.. ce.ce c.cc .ee e. eee es 16 Be EE Wal Wades nc Gh skebesscedibicde apeboccdteoscceccas 20 ip RG had nce 660606 cdevenc oO ccc sgecdectscecete 20 2. RECOVERY MEASURES NARRATIVE ................6045- 23 Se EE 6856500 Gide csccedcccecdbeccccvceeeobocgeu 37 IV. IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE ....... 0.0... 0c cc cece cece eee eee 43 ED bh oes dodscecceccvoccccesccsteccoscbece 44 Pe SITS Ching bn 60.c00e 06 vb peteecceds cocccecbesbeeneesec 51 FEDERAL REGISTER NOTICL (LISTING) LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1. Distribution of MacFarlane’s four-o’ clock vi PARTI. INTRODUCTION 1. BRIEF OVERVIEW Mirabilis macfarlanei (MacFarlane's four-o' clock) was originally listed as endangered by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service in 1979. At the time of listing, only three populstions were known, with a total of 20 to 25 individual plants. The species was threatened by several factors, including trampling, collecting, livestock grazing. disease, and insect damage (U.S. Fish and Wildiife Service We developed a recovery plan for this species in 1985 (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 1985). In summary, the 1985 recovery plan called for: 1) conducting additional field surveys, 2) protecting M macfarlanei sites and developing managplaens,m 3e) conndutcti ng baseline studtoi ideenstif y limiting factors and ine t 4) establishing new colonanid 5e)sm ei,nt ai ‘ , bank. Since this species was first listed, six additional M. macfarlanei populations’ have been discovered in Idaho and Oregon (Johnson 1983, 1995; Mancuso and Moseley 1991). These populations are located along the Snake River canyon (Idaho County, Idaho and Wallowa County, Oregon), Imnaha River canyon (Wallowa County, Oregon), and Salmon River canyon (Idaho County, Idaho) (Figure1) . Some populations on Federal lands are being actively monitored (refer to the “Conservation Efforts” section of this recovery plan for more information on conseacrtivivtieas ftor tihiso spencie s). As paroft th e 1985 recovery plan objectives, an experimental M_ macfarlanei colony was established in 1988 at Lucile Caves i1 the Cottonwood Resource Area (managed by the Bureau of Land Management). Approxi6m0 ralutizoemels ywer e In this recovery plan, “population” refers to all Mf.m acfarplalntas tnhaet oicc ur within a specific geographaircea . A population can be made up of one or more “colo(i.ne.,i greoupss ”of M macfarlanei plants) generally located within vne mile of each other. The terms “colony” and "site" are used interchangeably in this document. CANYON NATIONAL AREA Figure 1. Distribution of MacFarlanefo'usr -o 'clock. *® MacFarlane's four-o’ clock populations 2