Climate Data, Information and Knowled for Agricultural Production, Water Resources Management and Food Security Dr Seydou B. TRAORE AGRHYMET Regional Center Niamey, Niger 4th Conference on Climate Change and Development in Africa Outline • Background information on CILSS and AGRHYMET • The Impact of Climate on Agriculture, Food security and Water Resources • Climate data collection and analysis • Climate information for Food Security Early Warning • Some challenges • Ongoing initiatives on climate data management, production and dissemination BBaacckkggrroouunndd iinnffoorrmmaattiioonn oonn CCIILLSSSS aanndd AAGGRRHHYYMMEETT (cid:137) CILSS: PPeerrmmaanneenntt IInntteerr--SSttaattee CCoommmmiitttteeee ffoorr DDrroouugghhtt CCoonnttrrooll iinn tthhee SSaahheell Created in 1973 at the aftermath of the great Sahel drought (cid:137) 13 member states : Benin, Burkina Faso, Cape Verde, Chad, Côte d’Ivoire, The Gambia, Guinea, Guinea Bissau, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Senegal, Togo 3 sites •The Executive Secretariat in Ouagadougou (Policy issues) •The AGRHYMET Regional Centre in Niamey (Information and Training) • The Sahel Institute (INSAH) in Bamako (Research coordination) Mandate: invest itself in research on food security and combat the effects of drought and desertification for a new ecological balance in the Sahel TThhee AAGGRRHHYYMMEETT RReeggiioonnaall CCeenntteerr •• AAGGRRHHYYMMEETT:: CCrreeaatteedd iinn 11997744, •• MMiissssiioonn : to contribute to achieving sustainable food security and rational natural resource management through: – Capacity building of member States Meteorological and Hydrological offices (training, equipment and financial support) – Production and dissemination of information to various decision makers (national authorities, cooperation partners, NGOs and farmers) 4 TThhee AAGGRRHHYYMMEETT OOppeerraattiinngg sscchheemmee Data and Information Partners Hydrology ANALYSIS Financial and DIFFUSION Technical Meteorology Agriculture TRAINING assistance Animal AGRHYMET Husbandry Crop protection Hydrology DATA COLLECTION Meteorology Agriculture AND STORAGE Countries Animal Crop protection husbandry Satellite Data Ground Observation Mauritanie Cap-Vert Niger Tchad and Surveys Data Mali Senegal Gambie G.-Bissau Burkina Guinee Benin Extmenesmiobne rt oc oEuCnOtrWiesAS Sierra-LeonLeiberiaCote-d'IvoireGhanaTogo Nigeria 5 TThhee AAGGRRHHYYMMEETT TTrraaiinniinngg pprrooggrraamm TThhee AAGGRRHHYYMMEETT TTrraaiinniinngg pprrooggrraamm Discipline Instr. Maint. Plant Hydrolog Degree AgroMet and TOTAL y Protection Microcomp. Technician 201 381 118 104 804 Engineers. 120 55 57 22 254 Sub Total 1 321 436 175 126 1058 Concert. Climate Sust. Food Mgt of Crop & Sec. Masters Change & Sust. Land Mgt Natural Env. & Resour. Sust. Dvpt Protect. Nutr 139 Sub Total 2 67 19 18 19 16 Grand total 1197 The Impact of Climate on Agriculture, Food security and Water Resources The Impact of Climate on Agriculture & Food Secu • Climate is a « resource » – Solar radiation and temperature determine what crop ca be grown and where: potential primary production: – Water availability (rainfall), together with nutrients and cropping practices determine the attainable production In this regard, statistical analyses of climate data can be used for agricultural planning Climate determine the different agro ecological zones on earth (soils, animal and plant species ) 9 Influence du climat sur l’agriculture • Climate is also a « risk factor» – Directs effects : droughts, floods, strong winds, colds, seasonal variations (onset, cessation dates and distributio of rains) – Indirects effects (pests and diseases) – Importance of natural variability than extremes !!!! – Up to 80% of the variability of agricultural production can attributed to the variability of climatic conditions • a big difference among developed and non developed countries 10