September 2011 Vol. 98 FrogLog www.amphibians.org News from the herpetological community Regional Focus Mainland Asia Regional updates and latests research. INSIDE News from the ASG Regional Updates Global Focus Recent Publications General Announcements And More..... More Frog Chytridiomycosis Bounties in Asia from India’s Prevalence and distribution of chytridiomycosis Peninsular throughout Asia Mountains FrogLog Vol. 98 | September 2011 | 1 FrogLog CONTENTS 3 Editorial NEWS FROM THE ASG 4 New web site coming soon. 6 ASG International Seed Grant Award Winners 2011 REGIONAL UPDATE 8 News from Regional Groups 19 Amphibian Conservation 30 Species richness and diversity Workshop in India of amphibians in conventional 12 Amphibian Population and chemical free agricultural Declines and Chytridiomycosis 19 More Frog Bounties from systems in highlands of Sri in South Korea India’s Peninsular Mountains Lanka 14 Brief History of Long-Term 22 A dozen new Night frog species 33 Prevalence and distribution of Research Efforts on the discovered from dwindling chytridiomycosis throughout Oriental Fire-Bellied Toad, rainforests in India Asia Bombina orientalis, in the 24 Some observations Republic of Korea of malformation, eye 15 Saving the Gold-spotted Pond disease, parasitic and viral Frog in South Korea infection and the effects of agrochemicals on amphibians 16 Little known endemic frogs of in Sri Lanka the Andaman Islands 26 Amphibian Research in Sri 17 In search of Legless Lanka amphibians at Goa and Karnataka parts of the Western Ghats GLOBAL NEWS 35 1st International Symposium 38 Checking in with Jamaica’s on Ranaviruses endangered frogs Recent Publications 39 | Meetings 52 | Internships & Jobs 52 Funding Opportunities 53 | Author Instructions 56 2 | FrogLog Vol. 98 | September 2011 FrogLog Editorial Iw ould like to begin this edition by thanking all those people that have been involved in making the new FrogLog format such a great ASG & EDITORIAL COMMITTEE success. Over the last two months FrogLog 97 has received our highest number of online readers yet, with almost 8000 people accessing the James P. Collins Issuu version alone and of course many copies being downloaded from our web site. With your help we look forward to continuing to develop FrogLog into a publication that is both informative and enjoyable to read. ASG Co-Chair As we outlined In FrogLog 96, the new FrogLog format was phase 1 of our efforts to provide communication opportunities for our community. The next step was the development of a new web site which we are pleased to announce will be going live in the next couple weeks. This Claude Gascon web site has been developed in consultation with Regional Chairs in order to produce a tool that we hope will be utilized in a similar ASG Co-Chair fashion to FrogLog. Like FrogLog, the web site is aimed to showcase the incredible work being undertaken on a daily basis by individuals and groups dedicated to preserving amphibians. The web site will continue to develop to meet the needs of our members and we are always open to hearing about what resources and tools you would like made available. Robin D. Moore Finally I would like to thank the many contributors to this edition which focuses on Mainland Asia. This incredibly diverse region ASG Program Officer continues to provide us with amazing discoveries such as the 12 new frog species and three lost species recently found in the Western Ghats and reported last week in the world’s media. Efforts such as the Lost Amphibians of India campaign, spearheaded by Prof. S.D. Biju, help to draw public attention to the issues facing global amphibian James P. Lewis populations and we look forward to hearing of more discoveries from this inspiring team and others like it. We hope you enjoy reading about these and other efforts under way in Mainland Asia. ASG Program Coordinator James P. Lewis ASG Program Coordinator Editorial Office Conservation International 2011 Crystal Drive, Suite 500, Arlington, VA 22202 USA Please consider the enviornment before printing this publication. Reduse, reuse, FrogLog Vol. 98 | September 2011 | 3 recycle. ASG Updates New Web Site Coming Soon In the next couple of weeks, the ASG will be launching its new website. Still located at www. amphibians.org, this new website will use a number of new technologies and social media tools to forward the ASG’s mission and facilitate communication amongst our members. The structure of the website is not designed to be static but to evolve with the needs of our members. For this reason, we are eager to hear your feedback. The website will feature three main sections: (1) “Our Work;” (2) “Resources;” and (3) the “Red List Forum,” the global amphibian assessment forum designed to help update the IUCN amphibian database. The “Our Work” section will deliver blog posts, details of ASG partnerships and projects and information on current campaigns such as the “Search for Lost Frogs” and the “Global Amphibian BioBlitz” (GAB) a citizen-science effort to collect distribution data on amphibians from the public. Although this section will be of interest to members, it will be focused more towards the general public, helping to provide an insight into activities being undertaken around the world to conserve amphibian populations. Project partners will be able to provide updates on activities to highlight their achievements and the challenges they face. The “Resources” section will be designed specifically for our members. This section will showcase publications, where you will find the FrogLog archive along with international events. Members and the general public will have other ASG and non-ASG publications. Over time, one of our goals the ability to add specific events from the ASG calendar to their is to develop a comprehensive library of regional amphibian personal Google Calendar. If you would like to publicize an event action plans. If you would like a publication to be featured on the on the ASG calendar, you can either contact James Lewis at website, please contact James Lewis at [email protected]. [email protected] or your Regional Chair. The new publications display format. An interactive Google calendar will also be available within the “Resources” section. Each Regional Chair will have access Interactive Google calendar. to the calendar to be able to include any upcoming regional or 4 | FrogLog Vol. 98 | September 2011 The GAB uses expert verified amateur photos to confirm the occupancy of a species in places overlapping the range map. By contributing observations to the GAB and commenting on occupancy within places, the public can verify and provide feedback on species distributions. For example, a photo might confirm that a species indeed persists in a state. Another contribution might reveal that a population persists in a county outside the range map. Lastly, if a contributor suspects a species is absent from a county overlapping the range map, this can be expressed on the map by leaving comments on the occupancy within that place. The resulting data are made available to the expert community to include in assessments at their discretion. To contribute to the GAB, click the ’Add Observation’ button on the GAB home page which will be located at: http://www. amphibians.org/redlist/gab . We hope that you find the resources both interesting and useful, and we welcome your feedback on how we can further develop the website to meet your needs. Members Page. Details of all Regional and Country Chairs will be included along with a list of members. Within the “Resources” section will also be a list of all current members and Regional Chairs separated by broad geographical zones as outlined in FrogLog 96. This comprehensive list will include contact emails for all Regional Chairs, similar to the format on the current website. The third section, the “Red List Forum,” is in collaboration with the IUCN SSC Amphibian Red List Authority (Amphibian RLA) and the GAB. In an effort to address amphibian reassessments and engage with a wider spectrum of experts in the assessment process, the Amphibian RLA is trialing an online assessment forum. At first, a selection of draft assessments from a recent workshop in the Dominican Republic will be open for feedback, and other assessments will continue to be added to the forum as they reach the assessment consultation process. Assessments will be available for feedback for a specified period of time, after which feedback will be considered/incorporated and the updated assessment will be sent out for external review. The Amphibian Assessment Forum, a collaboration with the IUCN / SSC Amphibian Red The distribution maps in these assessments show either List Authority and the GAB to engage a wider spectrum of experts in the assessment new modified draft range maps or previously published process. maps (where there are no changes to distribution) alongside contributions from the GAB. FrogLog Vol. 98 | September 2011 | 5 ASG International Seed Grant Award Winners 2011 We are pleased to announce the second round of recipients of the continents on which amphibians occur. A thread running through 2011 ASG International Seed Grants. The Seed Grant program, the recipients of this round of Seed Grants is bridging the gap founded by the Declining Amphibian Populations Task Force, between research and conservation. As amphibians continue to continues to be a hugely popular mechanism for kick-starting decline and go extinct it is important that we apply our knowledge research and conservation programs that often develop into larger to their protection, and it is hugely encouraging to see such an or longer-term projects. As always, the quality of submissions interest from the research community in spearheading efforts to was extremely high with a wide range of projects spread across all conserve amphibians. Evaluation and monitoring of a newly discovered population of Atelopus varius in Costa Rica By José F. González-Maya, Sarah Wyatt & Jan Schipper The harlequin frog, Atelopus varius, is considered as Critically Endangered as result of a severe population decline. There are two known remaining populations, including a recently discovered one in southern Costa Rica with a small number of individuals with potential signs of Chytridiomycosis in some of them. This project aims to establish baseline data on population status (size, structure, and threats), develop a long term monitoring program to ensure persistence, Atelopus varius individual from the new population. Photo: Sarah A. Wyatt-ProCAT and understand the dynamics of threats facing Atelopus and International. amphibians in general. In addition, we will be adding to our environmental education programs in the area and working with the indigenous community surrounding the population to develop determine the presence of chytridiomycosis fungus, 2) establish site conservation strategies. The harlequin frog is a flagship a long term monitoring and research program, 3) work with the species for conservation in Costa Rica and can be used to raise local community to implement conservation measures to ensure awareness of global amphibian declines. As expected outcomes habitat conservation and survival of the population, 4) develop the project will 1) collect baseline data on the population and and carry out environmental education with the local community and surrounding areas and 5) conduct surveys in neighboring watersheds to determine the area of occupancy of this population and search for other threatened amphibians such as A. chiriquiensis. We expect with this project to generate baseline information and provide insights related with the persistence of this population despites its previous disappearance, generating probable hope for some other species’ populations in other areas of the Neotropics. ProCAT team together and in the study site. Photo: ProCAT International 6 | FrogLog Vol. 98 | September 2011 Implementation and development of local conservation strategy for Xenopus laevis and Hyperolius viridiflavis in Yala and Dunga Wetlands, Kenya By Allai Orimba The project targets two unprotected Important Biodiversity Areas: Yala Swamp 0 05N, 34 11’ E in, Siaya District, an area of 8000 ha on altitude of 1,160 m: and Dunga Swamp 01 10’S, 34 47’E in Kisumu District an area of 500 ha at altitude of 1,130. The two areas host numerous amphibian species, and have diverse functions values and benefits to the local communities require urgent conservation and management measures. Our Allai ( centre) with some of the team members during one of the monitoring proposed project addresses the need to protect and conserve survey in Dunga swamp. African reed frog (Hyperolius viridiflavis and Africa clawed frog Xenopus laevis that exists in them. Unfortunately, their habitats identification and management of natural resource. iii) Provide are under serious anthropogenic threats, which provide the need information about the occurrence and habitat use of resident for serious concerted efforts of conservation measures from species and enhance their survival. iv) Increase an organization different stakeholder groups. The proposed project is to formulate strength and knowledge of the two community sites by species management and conservation strategies through; i) establishing site support groups. v) Promote monitoring and promoting awareness and education of amphibian abundance, evaluation activities to support paths to obtaining comprehensive their needs and their importance in ecosystem balance. ii) indicators that bring change to amphibian conservation. Build capacity of local communities and other stakeholders in Amphibian habitat improvement after the eruption in the Gunung Merapi National Park, Indonesia By Cahyandra T.A., K. Latifiana, D.A. Satiti, and Agus Jati In 2010, Mount Merapi erupted on a large scale. The eruption of Mount Merapi damaged 43% of 6410 hectares of national park forest. This eruption changed the structure of the Mount Merapi area and wildlife habitat because of hot clouds. It caused some water resources and vegetation cover in this location to suffer. The effort that we will carry out included in amphibian habitat protection will be amphibian habitat improvement. This project consists of several programs that will contribute to Cahyandra T.A (at the left side), Agus Jati (at the middle left side), D.A.Satiti (at the the improvement of amphibian habitats, such as a survey of bottom left side), K. Latifiana (at the bottom right side), and our team. amphibians and their habitats in Gunung Merapi National Park, amphibian conservation education to local schools, and other activities according to the location. This project also recruited making many water sources and securing area. The education participants from related stakeholders i.e. Gunung Merapi program that will be carried out in this project aims to reinforce National Park staff, local NGO, and local communities. the love of the environment especially towards amphibians. We will visit several schools around the national park for Amphibian survey after eruption will be carried out and then our amphibian conservation education program. Finally this compared with amphibian survey before the eruption of Mount project hopes to make the understanding between any relevant Merapi. Amphibian habitat survey will also be carried out stakeholders about the importance of the protection of amphibian including the ecological conditions. This result (amphibian and habitat the same. This improvement for amphibian habitat will habitat survey) will be overlay to find out the handling of the help to increase the numbers of amphibians in the Mount Merapi problems faced in every location. The problems will be solved by area and also help to increase the diversity in the area. FrogLog Vol. 98 | September 2011 | 7 Regional Updates Mainland Asia To help ASG members around to world keep up-to-date with the activities of regional ASG’s, each edition of FrogLog focuses on one of the six geographical areas as outlined in FrogLog 96 (pg 6-7). This provides local ASG’s with an opportunity to showcase their conservation efforts and publicize issues of concern. In this edition we focus on Mainland Asia, a zone consisting of 10 ASG groups. Korea conference and publish the Korean Journal In conjunction with governmental action, of Herpetology (http://www.krsh.or.kr/). non-governmental organizations (NGO) In South Korea amphibian species living in South Korea are very active. Regional in woodland areas, such as mountain In early 1997, the Korean Ministry of NGOs have been actively involved in frogs and several salamanders, are Environment started the National Natural protecting local amphibian populations relatively well conserved because more Environment Survey and included and endangered species. For example, than 70% of the country is made up of amphibians in the survey. This year it is the Committee of Wonhungii Life and these habitats. On the contrary, amphibian currently in the middle of the third round Peace successfully protected an Asian toad species inhabiting lowland areas including of the survey. For the survey, the National (Bufo gargarizans) population within agricultural areas, such as frogs in Institute of Environmental Research developing city areas in Cheongju-shi, and Ranidae and toads, are largely declining (http://nier.go.kr/eric/portal/kor) divided they established an ecological park (http:// in numbers or are threatened. As a result, wonheungi.net/main.do). The recently current national protection efforts and established Korea Network for Amphibian ecological scientific research has mainly Conservation (http://cafe.naver.com/ focused on amphibians in lowland habitats. koreafrog/) is also actively working to determine how recent climate changes There are 18 amphibians, in South Korea, affect calling patterns and reproduction composed of five urodeles and 13 anurans of amphibians. Most NGOs are developing (Yang et al. 2001). Among them, the and managing ecological education gold-spotted pond frog, Rana plancyi programs for adults and children. These chosenica (Pelophylax chosenicus) and the programs are essential to help increase narrow- mouthed toad (Kaloula borealis) awareness about Korean amphibians, have been designated as a national particularly for our future generations. endangered species since 2005. Recently, the Suweon tree frog (Hyla suweonensis) In South Korea, although there are a has been added as an endangered limited number of scientists focusing species due to its restricted distribution on amphibian research, interest about ranges and small population size. endangered amphibians and amphibian ecology is increasing among the general In South Korea before the 1980s most public. A detailed review providing the amphibian studies focused on new species history and current efforts surrounding identification and re-classification of Suweon tree frog, Hyla suweonensis, one of endangered the conservation of amphibians in South existing amphibians. From the mid 1980’s frogs in South Korea. Photo: Yong-Wook Lee. Korea is in press (Park et al. 2012). new evolutionary ecological approaches were taken establishing Bombina orientalis South Korea into 2 km X 2km quadrats The following are critical to the success as an important model for studies on areas and one individual surveys animals of protecting amphibian populations in maternal effects and developmental in at least two different sites twice within South Korea: (1) continued development of plasticity (Kaplan 1987) and in the mid each quadrat. The data collected from the educational programs for the general public -1990s, molecular phylogenetic studies survey are used to develop environmental to increase their awareness and involvement and several new ecological and behavioral policies and provide the baseline for in protection efforts: (2) continued work studies were started. From this research, various ecological studies. In addition with the South Korean government and in 2005 the first Asian plethodontid to the survey, the Korean Ministry of NGOs to develop environmental policies; salamander (Karsenia koreana) was Environment has supported more than and (3) increased funding for scientists discovered living in the middle portion 100 ecologists for national Long-Term working on amphibians to provide baseline of the Korean Peninsula in South Korea Environmental Monitoring since 2004 and ongoing data for ecological studies. (Min et al. 2005). From the early 2000s, (http://www.knlter.net/). Amphibian conservation and rehabilitation studies populations are also being monitored in Daesik Park (Co-Chair) and Robert have been conducted involving mostly two different national parks, Woraksan H. Kaplan (Co-Chair) Korean endangered lowland amphibians. Also from and Odaesan National Parks. Some of the Amphibian Specialist Group 2005, a research group began to study the results were recently published (Lee et al. Chytrid fungus and it was detected in several 2011). In addition, in 2011 the National frog species, such as Korean tree frogs (Hyla Institute of Biological Resources (http:// Author details: Daesik Park, Division of japonica) and bullfrogs. Researchers are www.nibr.go.kr/), originally established Biology Education, Kangwon National continuing their work to determine how the in 2007, re-evaluated threatened levels University, Chuncheon, Kangwon 200- fungus affects amphibian field populations of Korean amphibians and also published 701, South Korea (parkda@kangwon. throughout South Korea. In 2005, the the Red Data Book of Endangered ac.kr); Robert H. Kaplan, Department of Korean Research Society of Herpetologists Amphibians and Reptiles in Korea. Biology, Reed College, Portland, Oregon was established. They organize an annual 97202, USA ([email protected]). 8 | FrogLog Vol. 98 | September 2011 taxonomic and distribution studies. Increasing numbers of young researchers have contributed significantly in new descriptions and new records of species, especially in the Western Ghats region. The hotspot has shown an increase in endemicity in species and genera, with the most recent description of a new genus of bush frogs, Raorchestes. Similarly, the northeastern Indian region has several new descriptions including that of caecilians. A recent threat to the region is from the release of The African Clawed Frog Xenophis laevis into natural habitats by aquarium hobbyists. The species is a relatively new entrant into the South Asian market through traders as an aquarium pet. Several thousand individuals are sold in most major cities. Although quite Homepage of the Korean DAPTF attractive, the frog is released by hobbyists due to its aggressive nature and due to lack Literature Cited Kaplan, R.H. 1987.Developmental plasticity and July 1, 2006 - Metamorphosis of the of knowledge on keeping them in captivity. maternal effects of reproductive characteristics in the DAPTF into the Research Section of the Known for being a source for the spread of frog, Bombina orientalis. Oecologia 71: 273-279. Amphibian Specialist Group (ASG) was chytrid fungus, the ASG–SA is currently Park, D., M.S. Min, K.C. Lasater, J.Y. Song, J.H. Suh, S.H. Son, and R. H. Kaplan. 2012. The Conservation launched. involved in a rapid assessment of the of Amphibians in Korea. Chapter 4 in Issue No. volume of trade, its effects, releases into 1 “Commonwealth of Independent States, Mongolia, China, Korea, Japan”, edited by H. Heatwole, I. Das the wild and developing a national policy August 2008 - First members of the and J. W. Wilkinson in vol. 11 of the series “Amphibian on placing a ban on the species, import. Biology”, edited by H. Heatwole. Surrey Beatty & Sons Korean Working Group of the ASG formed. Pty. Ltd., Baulkham Hills, NSW, Australia. In press. Lee, J.H., N.Y. Ra, and D. Park. 2011. Five-year Members include: Robert Kaplan (co- The network is updating its database on monitoring of herpetofauna in Woraksan national park. chair); Daesik Park (co-chair); Mi-Sook amphibian distributions in the region to Journal of Ecology and Field Biology 34: 127-133. Min (member); Jae-HwaSuh (member) revisit assessments in 2012 after a gap of Min, M.S., S.Y. Yang, R.M. Bonett, D.R. Vieites, R.A. Brandon, and D.B. Wake. 2005. Discovery of the first and Jae-Young Song (member). 10 years when the last assessment was Asian plethodontid salamander. Nature 435: 87-90. carried out under the Global Amphibian Yang, S.Y., J.B. Kim, M.S. Min, J.H. Suh, and Y.J. Kang.2001. Monograph of Korean Amphibia. Academy September 2010 - Professor Jim Assessments. Presently, 380 species Book, Seoul, South Korea. are recognized in South Asia with Collins visits the Columbia River Gorge several new species being discovered or in Portland, Oregon to give a lecture to reviewed for their taxonomic position. Abbreviated History of the Korean the Division of Sciences at Reed College, Working Group of the ASG and to talk about the ASG and increased Sept 18, 2001 - Professor Mi-Sook Min international involvement in the Republic Sanjay Molur (Co-Chair) South Asia contacted by Professor Kaplan about of Korea. Amphibian Specialist Group DAPTF and provides personal contact information with her Professor and Robert H. Kaplan (Co-Chair) Korean Laos Kaplan’s former colleague. Amphibian Specialist Group and Cambodia Sept. 26, 2001 - Professor Suh-Yung Author details: Robert H. Kaplan, Yang contacted by Professor Robert Kaplan Department of Biology, Reed College, The amphibian faunas of Laos and and discussion resulted in the hiring of a Portland, Oregon 97202, USA (taricha@ Cambodia have long been poorly known, Korean post-baccalaureate Gihye Kim to reed.edu). primarily because these two countries work on a Korean translation of the DAPTF have never had national herpetologists FrogLog in Kaplan’s lab at Reed College in and all previous work done there has South Asia (minus Portland, Oregon. been by visiting foreign scientists. I am pleased to report that this has changed. Sri Lanka) December 20, 2001 - Link to first Mr. Neang Thy, a biologist with the Korean language mirror page of the Ministry of Environment, Phnom Penh, The Amphibian Specialist Group–South DAPTF FrogLog written by Gihye Kim in and the non-governmental organization Asia (ASG–SA) regional network the laboratory of Kaplan was launched. Fauna & Flora International, began currently has 214 members with many training on field surveys of amphibians in involved in amphibian research part time January 4, 2005 - Professor Daesik Park and a few full time. The region has seen, Cambodia with me in 2003, and has since worked extensively with L. Lee Grismer agrees to co-chair the Korean working since the setting up of the Amphibian (La Sierra University, USA) and Jodi J. L. group with Professor Kaplan and refines Network of South Asia (ANSA) in 1995, Rowley (Australian Museum, Australia). the Korean website. http://academic.reed. a phenomenal increase in interest in Thy’s keen interest and dedication to the group with particular interest in edu/biology/korea_daptf/. FrogLog Vol. 98 | September 2011 | 9 the amphibians of Cambodia accepted for publication in English in a (Neang and Holden, 2008). peer-reviewed journal (Phimmachak et al., This beautiful and informative in press). In addition to her independent guide provides a photograph, thesis fieldwork, she has worked with me on identification features, and eight field surveys of amphibians throughout comments on ecology and the country since 2007 and has become distribution within Cambodia for very knowledgeable on amphibian species most of the amphibian species diversity of Laos. Somphouthone is now known to occur in the country. enrolled in the Ph.D. program in the Zoology Department, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Ms. Somphouthone Phimmachak Thailand, where she continues to study was the first student to complete amphibians of Laos for her dissertation the new M.Sc. program in the research. Her Master’s and Ph.D. Faculty of Sciences, Department programs were supported by grants from of Biology, at the National The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur University of Laos, with the Foundation and a Seed Grant from the January 2010 defense of her IUCN/SSC Amphibian Specialist Group. thesis titled “Distribution, natural history, and conservation Bryan Stuart (Deputy Chair) Laos of the Lao endemic newt, and Cambodia Amphibian Specialist Laotriton laoensis (Urodela: Group Salamandridae),” with co- supervision by Prof. Niane Sivongxay (National University Contact Information: North Carolina of Laos) and me. This beautiful Museum of Natural Sciences, 11 West and enigmatic species of newt was Jones Street, Raleigh NC 27601 USA; described to science only in 2002 [email protected]; www. and is endemic to a small area in bryanlstuart.com northern Laos. Unfortunately it is threatened by harvesting Neang, T. and J. Holden. 2008. A Field Guide to the Amphibians of Cambodia. Fauna & Flora International, documenting the amphibian fauna of his for traditional medicine and, especially, to Phnom Penh, Cambodia. country has resulted in numerous peer- meet high demand for it in the international Phimmachak, S., B. L. Stuart, and N. Sivongxay. In reviewed publications co-authored by pet trade. Almost nothing was known on press. Distribution, natural history, and conservation of the Lao Newt Laotriton laoensis (Caudata: him and his colleagues, and most notably, its biology prior to Somphouthone’s thesis Salamandridae). Journal of Herpetology. he has produced a photographic guide to work, which has been summarized and FrogLog Schedule November 2011 - Maritime Southeast Asia and Oceania January 2012 - South America March 2012 - Europe, North Africa and West Asia May 2012 - North and Central America and the Caribbean July 2012 - Sub Saharan Africa September 2012 - Mainland Asia November 2012 - Maritime Southeast Asia and Oceania India - Chalazodes Bubble-nest Frog January 2013 - South America (Raorchestes chalazodes) © SD Biju Follow the ASG on facebook www.facebook.com/amphibiansdotorg 10 | FrogLog Vol. 98 | September 2011