Donald School Textbook of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology Editors Asim Kurjak MD PhD Professor and Chairman Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Medical School University of Zagreb Sveti Duh Hospital, Zagreb, Croatia Frank A Chervenak MD PhD Professor and Chairman Department of Obstetrics Ultrasound and Ethics The New York Hospital-Cornell Medical Center New York, USA Published in association with JAYPEE BROTHERS MEDICAL PUBLISHERS (P) LTD New Delhi By The Parthenon Publishing Group International Publishers in Medicine, Science & Technology A CRC PRESS COMPANY BOCA RATON LONDON NE W YORK WASHINGTON, D.C. © 2003 Asim Kurjak, Frank A Chervenak First published in 2003 by Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd, EMCA House, 23/23B Ansari Road, Daryaganj, New Delhi 110 002, India First published in the United Kingdom in 2004 by The Parthenon Publishing Group, an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group plc, 11 New Fetter Lane, London EC4P 4EE. Exclusively distributed worldwide (excluding the Indian subcontinent) by The Parthenon Publishing Group, an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group pic. Website: http://www.crcpress.com/ This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2006. “ To purchase your own copy of this or any of Taylor & Francis or Routledge’s collection of thousands of eBooks please go to http://www.ebookstore.tandf.co.uk/.” All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London W1P OLP. Although every effort has been made to ensure that all owners of copyright material have been acknowledged in this publication, we would be glad to acknowledge in subsequent reprints or editions any omissions brought to our attention. Although every effort has been made to ensure that drug doses and other information are presented accurately in this publication, the ultimate responsibility rests with the prescribing physician. Neither the publishers nor the authors can be held responsible for errors or for any consequences arising from the use of information contained herein. For detailed prescribing information or instructions on the use of any product or procedure discussed herein, please consult the prescribing information or instructional material issued by the manufacturer. A CIP record for this book is available from the British Library. ISBN 0-203-64059-4 Master e-book ISBN ISBN 0-203-69028-1 (Adobe e-Reader Format) ISBN 1 84214 257 7 (Print Edition) Distributed in the USA by Fulfilment Center Taylor & Francis 10650 Toebben Drive Independence, KY 41051, USA Toll Free Tel.: +1 800 634 7064 E-mail: [email protected] Distributed in Canada by Taylor & Francis 74 Rolark Drive Scarborough, Ontario M1R 4G2, Canada Toll Free Tel.: +1 877 226 2237 E-mail: [email protected] Distributed in the rest of the world by Thomson Publishing Services Cheriton House, North Way Andover, Hampshire SP10 5BE, UK Tel.: +44 (0)1264 332424 E-mail: [email protected] To Ian Donald—Teacher and Friend Editors Contributors Alenka Aksamija Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Medical School University of Zagreb Sveti Duh Hospital Zagreb, Croatia [email protected] Aris J.Antsaklis 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital “Alexandria” Athens, Greece [email protected] Kazunori Baba Division of Maternal and Fetal Medicine Center for Maternal, Fetal and Neonatal Medicine Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical School Saitama, Japan [email protected] Zoltán Bán 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Semmelweis University Budapest, Hungary [email protected] Renato Bauman Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Medical School University of Zagreb Sveti Duh Hospital, Zagreb, Croatia [email protected] Ivanka Bekavac Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Medical School University of Zagreb Sveti Duh Hospital Zagreb, Croatia [email protected] Bernard Benoit Nice, France [email protected] Drazena Bjelos Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Medical School University of Zagreb Sveti Duh Hospital, Zagreb, Croatia [email protected] Fernando Bonilla-Musoles Chairman Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Valencia School of Medicine, Valencia, Spain [email protected] Branko Breyer Laboratory “Breyer” Zagreb, Croatia [email protected] Boris Brkljacic Head, Department of Radiology Clinical Hospital Dubrava, Zagreb, Croatia [email protected] Jose Maria Carrera Head, Fetal Medicine Service Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University Institute “Dexeus” Barcelona, Spain [email protected] Stephen T.Chasen Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Cornell Medical Center New York, USA [email protected] Frank A.Chervenak Given Foundation Professor and Chairman Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology New York Weill Cornell Medical Center New York, USA [email protected] Matilde T.Clavijo Rodriguez Division of US and Fetal Medicine Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University Hospital of the Canary Islands Tenerife, Spain [email protected] Giancarlo Conoscenti Divisione Ostetricia e Ginecologia Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy [email protected] Vincenzo D’Addario Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University Medical School of Bari Bari, Italy [email protected] Luca Di Cagno Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University Medical School of Bari Bari, Italy [email protected] Edoardo Di Naro Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University Medical School of Bari Bari, Italy [email protected] A Kubilay Ertan Prenatal Diagnosis and Therapy Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University of Saarland Homburg/Saar, Germany [email protected] Kotaro Fukushima Maternity and Perinatal Care Unit Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Graduate School of Medical Sciences Kyushu University Hospital Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan [email protected] Biserka Funduk-Kurjak MD PhD Modern Medical Center Zagreb, Croatia Srecko Gajovic Department of Histology and Embryology Medical School University of Zagreb Zagreb, Croatia [email protected] Mattia Gentile Department of Medical Genetics I.R.C.C.S. “Saverio de Bellis” Castellana Grotte (BA), Italy [email protected] Ozren Grgic Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Medical School University of Zagreb Sveti Duh Hospital, Zagreb, Croatia [email protected] Tomislav Hafner Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Medical School University of Zagreb Sveti Duh Hospital, Zagreb, Croatia Toshiyuki Hata Professor and Chairman Department of Perinatology Kagawa Medical University Kagawa, Japan [email protected] Radoslav Herman Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinical Hospital “Sestre milosrdnice” Zagreb, Croatia [email protected] Shigenori Iwagaki Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Gifu University School of Medicine Gifu, Japan Robin B. Kalish Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Cornell Medical Center, New York, USA [email protected] [email protected] Nika Kalogjera MD Ultrasonic Unit Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University of Zagreb Sveti Duh Hospital Sveti Duh 64 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia [email protected] Ichiro Kawabata Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Gifu University School of Medicine Gifu, Japan [email protected] Milan Kos Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Medical School University of Zagreb Sveti Duh Hospital, Zagreb, Croatia [email protected] Ljiljana Kostovic-Knezevic Department of Histology and Embryology Medical School University of Zagreb Zagreb, Croatia [email protected] Sanja Kupesic Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Medical School University of Zagreb