bio4S* StacIcS ILLINOIS STATE POLICE DIVISION OF FORENSIC SERVICES DNA & ILLINOIS DEPOSITORY p 1 0 2003 RSITYV DANA-CHAMrAiuN ODIS Rod R. Blagojevich Larry G. Trent Governor Director WHAT IS DNA? DNA, or Deoxyribonucleic Acid, is the genetic material located within the cells of all living organisms and specifies each person's individual genetic code. Certain portions of DNA are highly variable from one person to another, with the exception of identical twins. These differencesare used toassociateoreliminate individuals as being the sourceofbodyfluid evidenceoften found in investigations of violent crimes. DNA has the ability to identify a person from a drop of blood the size of a pin head. DNA can be found practically anywhere on or in the human body. It is contained in blood, semen, saliva, skin cells, tissue, organs, muscle, bone, teeth, hair, urine, fingernails, sweat, feces, and mucus to namejust a few! Furthermore, a person's DNA is the same in every cell - the DNA in a man's blood will be the same as the DNA in his saliva. DNA analysis is conducted in seven of the Illinois State Police (ISP) Forensic Science Laboratories, although all eight operational laboratories receive evidence for possible DNA testing. Physical evidence received in criminalcasesbytheISPlaboratories isfirstanalyzedfor the presence of biological material such as blood or semen. Once a biological material is identified, the material is then analyzed in DNA. The DNA results are compared to the DNA profile of the victim and any potential suspects. Ifthe suspect is eliminated or there is no suspect, the DNA results from the biological material are entered into CODIS. WHAT IS CODIS? The combined DNA Index System (CODIS), overseen by the FBI and implemented by the ISP at the state level, blends forensic science and computer technology intoan effectivetoolforsolvingcrimes. CODIS began as a pilot project in 1990 serving 14 state and local laboratories. ISP participated in that pilot project and began using CODIS routinely in 1993. The FBI's National DNA Index System (NDIS), which became fully operational in 1998, enables states participating in the CODIS program to exchange and compare DNA profiles on a national level. The year 2003 marks the 50-year anniversary ofthe discovery ofDNA . INDEXES CODIS solves crimes and generates investigative leads by searching several indexes: TheForensicIndexcontainsDNAprofilesfrom crime scene evidence. The Offender Index contains DNA profiles of individuals convicted offelonies. The Missing Person Index contains DNA records from individuals that have been reported missing. The Relatives of Missing Person Index consists of DNA records from the biological relatives of individuals reported missing. The Unidentified Human (Remains) Index contains DNA records from recovered living persons (e.g., children who cannot and others whocannotorwill notidentifythemselves), and recovered dead persons (including body parts and tissues) whose identities are not known. The Illinois State Police has the 3rd- largest system offorensic science laboratories in the world - only the FBI and Scotland Yard have largersystems . An effective convicted offender database - coupled with thorough DNA casework - not only solves crimes and prevents future crimes, but also protects innocent peoplewho may be implicated, investigated and possibly wrongfully convicted. MATCHES Through CODIS, ISP Forensic Science Laboratories exchange and compare DNA profiles electronically, in both the Illinois file and in the national file. This exchange of DNA data and subsequent search of the different indexes often results in a match or"hit,"either between cases or between a case and an offender. CODIS searches have detected numerous "cold hits" - positive leads in criminal cases where no suspects or links between cases have been previously established. SUCCESS STORIES April 1993 - A routine DNA database search in the Springfield laboratory connects Arthur Dale Hickey, a 42-year-old already imprisoned for a 1992 sexual assault to the November 1991 , murder of Jeffrey Stephens and the rape of Heather Stephens. The DNA profile taken from semen left at the Stephens' home in Ritchie , Illinois - where Hickey had lived less than a mile away - matched the profile taken from Hickey's blood sample drawn at the time ofhis sentencing foran unrelated crime. Hickey was subsequently sentenced to life in prison. December 1997 - The first test search of the National DNA Index System (NDIS) occurred in Illinois on December l. Within hours, the first match is generated between the Illinois State Police'sdatabaseofconvictedsexualoffendersand Minnesota's system. The prisoner who was , already arrested in 1996 and convicted of two sexualassaultsindownstateIllinois wastiedtoan , attempted murderand rape in 1989 in Wisconsin. He is now serving a 40-yearprison sentence. August 1999 - A central Illinois man is arrested for the November 1998 rape ofa Springfield real estate agent he lured to a vacant house. After DNA analysis and database searching an Illinois , State Police forensic scientist is able to conclude thatDNA from semen stains foundat the scene of a separate rape/homicide case match the blood sample taken from the man at the time of his arrest for the Novemberrape. He was sentenced to life in prison. CODIS is implemented and authorized by Section 5-4-3 ofthe Unified Code of Corrections (730 ILCS 5/5-4-3) and operated by rules listed in Title 20, Section 1285 of the Administrative Code (20 ILAC 1285). STATISTICS Illinois U.S. Offender Profiles 27,026 1,321,854 Forensic Samples 5,993 54,895 CODIS Laboratories 9 171 Offender Hits 167 4,926 Forensic Hits 304 2,182 Investigations Aided 745 7,788 as ofApril 20C Forensic Hits - Matches made among profiles in the Forensic Index can link crime scenes together, possibly identifying serial offenders. Based on a match, police in multiplejurisdictions can coordinate their respective investigations and share the leads they developed independently. Offender Hits - Matches made between the Forensic and Offender Indexes provide investigators with the identityofthe one(s) who leftthat particularsample. InvestigationsAided - Match information assists case investigators by providing new leads. After CODIS identifies a potential match, qualified DNA analysts in the case work laboratories confirm the match. CODIS AND THE LAW In 1989, Illinois enacted a law requiring persons convicted of a sexual offense to submit samples for DNA analysis. The DNA Indexing Section was established in the Springfield Forensic Science Laboratory to analyze the samples collected under this mandate and place the results into a database. In 2002, anotherlaw wasenacted requiring all felons to submit blood, saliva, or tissue specimens. What began as a stream of 2,000 samples per year has grown to over 100,000 samples. Rules in the Illinois Administrative Code detail collection guidelines, privacy issues, and circumstances where a person's records may be expunged. !• Rockford ForensicScience Laboratory 200SouthWyman, Suite400 Rockford,IL 61101 2. 815/987-7419 ForensicScienceCenteratChicago 3. 1941 WestRoosevelt Chicago, IL 60608 312/433-8000 W4.estchesterForensicScienceLaboratory 10001 WestRooseveltRd.,Suite 112 Westchester,IL 60154 708/338-7800 JolietForensicScienceLaboratory 515 EastWoodruffRoad Joliet,IL 60432 815/740-3543 5. o >- GO 9. Morton ForensicScienceLaboratory 1810South MainStreet Morton, IL 61550 309/284-6500 6. Springfield ForensicScienceLaboratory 2040 Hill Meadows Drive Springfield,IL 62702 217/782-4975 7. Researchand DevelopmentLaboratory 2060 Hill Meadows Drive Springfield, IL 62702 217/557-2399 8. Metro-EastForensicScience Laboratory 10023 Bunkum Road Fairview Heights,IL 62208 618/394-6000 Southern IllinoisForensicScienceCentre 606 EastCollegeStreet Carbondale, IL 62901 618/529-6500 ISP6-650(07/03) PrintedbytheAuthorityoftheStateofIllinois ISPCentralPrintingSection