Sommerer & Stüning from Sumatra has this area well. InSulawesi, thenominategeorgiata seemsto extensivelymarkedwithlongitudinal,blackstripes occursympatricallywithitsracepervasata,butstud- and the numberofduUorangestripes isreduced. iesofthegenitaliastructureshaverevealed thatthe B. monochvias Meyrick, described from Sangihe pervasata-like form is specifically different. This Island,anditssubspeciescimeiplenaSwinhoe(Mind- phenomenon may be explained by subsequent ar- anao) and benguetana Schultze (Luzon) exhibit rival{oigeorgiata)afterinitialvicariance,asobserved comparatively strongdifferences. alsoinothergroupsofniothsandbutterflies. B.georgiata Guenee, with the nominate subspe- The conspicuous pattern ofadult Bracca moths cies,foundinSumatra,Borneo,PeninsularMalaysia and their larvae-the latterare strikingly coloured and Sulawesi, similar in pattern and coloration to with red, blackand white elements-may indicate B. maculosa,itsracepervasataWalkerfromJavaalso thattheyaredistastefulortoxicforpredators.Con- with additional, duU orange streaks. The name sequently, mimicry phenomena are a possible ex- pervasataisappliedtoseveralmoreorlessdifferent planation for the development of those strongly Islandraces(Buru,Seram,severalPhilippineIslands) different Island races, encountered in the genus at present which may deserve subspecies-rank as Bracca so explicitely. Diversity and Phenology ofGeometridae incoastal Central Queensland PeterMackey Mackey, F. (2006): Diversity and Phenology ofGeometridae incoastal Central Queensland.-Spixiana29/3:208-209 PeterMackey, P.O. Box404,Yandina,Q.4561,Australia; e-mail: [email protected] Lighttrappingwascarriedouton5nightsperweek totalfauna136geometridspecies.Thereisarelation- over7yearsatRockhamptoninCentralQueensland, ship between annual rainfall and the number of circa 40km Inland. Rockhampton lies close to the geometridspeciespresenteachyear.However,using Tropic of Capricorn in an arid corridor between Ecosim(GotelliandEntsminger2001)tostandardise Wetter regions, north to Mackay, and south-east the annual Community to 1000 individuals shows Queensland. The December mean maximum tem- theretobefewsignificantdifferencesbetweenyears. peratureis31.4°Cand themeanminimumforJuly In wet years more species were collected because is 22.9°C. The mean number ofrain days peryear manyspeciesbecomemoreabundantandarethere- is 92. Good rain events are offen associated with foremorelikelytobecollected. cyclonesduringthewet (hotorsummer) season. Phenologyofthespecieswasassessedbypool- Most collecting was carried ovit during low to ing the annual counts on a weeklybasis and some averagerainfallperiods,with1983havingthehigh- illustrativeexamplesarepresented.Arhodialasiocam- est rainfall and 1982 the lowest. The trap was a paria (Oenochrominae) is present throughout the RobinsonstyletraplocatedintheUniversitygrounds year. Oeiiochroma pallida (Oenochrominae) is an- and was surrounded by Eucalyptus 'scrub" which other relatively common species with probably is regrowth, possibly 40 years old at the time of 3discreetgenerationsinsummer,autumnandspring trapping. The daily catch was identified and re- butwhichisnotpresentinwinter(thedryseason). cordedusing 'RothampsteadWeeks".Seasonswere Cleora decisaria (Ennominae) is presentallyear,but allocatedasfollows:Summer,weeks49-9;Autumn, with ~85 % of occurrences in autumn and spring. weeks9-21;Winter,weeks22-34;Spring,weeks35- C.acaciaria(lilliistraria)alsoappearstobeanautumn 48. andspringspecies.PacJn/plociagriseata(Ennominae) Trapping yielded 13,324 individuals and 123 appears to be a summer, autumn, winter species. speciesofGeometridae. Between53and 84 species Psilalcisisombra(Ennominae)occurspredoininantly wererecordedeachyear.Ennominaeaccountedfor in winter and spring. Scopula innocens (Sterrhinae) 38 species; Sterrhinae, 23 species; Geometrinae, 35 isaspring-summer-autumnspecies.S. riibrariaisan species; Larentiinae, 10 species; Oenochrominae 17 autumn-winter-springspecieswithonly1occurrence species. Of the 10 most abundant species 2 were in 7 years in late summer. This species was first Ennominae, 4 Oenochrominae, 1 Geometrinae and found in 1985 and then in subsequent years in in- 3 Sterrhinae. A species accumulation curve calcu- creasing abundance as was the spring time species lated using EstimateS (Colwell 2005) predicted a Zermizingasinuata (Ennominae).Mixocera latilineata 208 (Geometrinae) is found in late spring but is pre- References dominantlyasummerandautumnspecies.Prasino- cymarhodocosma(Geometrinae)isacommonspecies Colwell, R. K. 2005. EstimateS: Statistical estimation of whichcanbefound throughouttheyear,butgiven speciesrichnessand shared species from samples. its abundance, ithas very fewoccurrences (7%) in Version 7.5. User's Guide and application at: spring. There also seems to be some indication of http://purl.oclc.org/estimates. severaldistinctgenerations throughouttheyear. Gotelli, N. J. & G. L. Entsminger 2001. EcoSim: Null modeisSoftwareforecology.Version7.0.Acquired IntelligenceInc.&Kesey-Bear. http://Homepages. together.net/~gentsmin/ecosim.htm. Towards aglobal online Information System Geometridae (GlobInG) AxelHausmann & Sven Erlacher Hausmann, A. & S. Erlacher (2006): GBIF/GlobInG: Towards a global online InformationsystemGeometridae(GlobInG).-Spixiana29/3:209-210 Corresponding author: Dr. Axel Hausmann, Zoologische Staatssammlung München,MiLinchhausenstr.21,D-81247München,Germany; e-mail: [email protected] SupportedbytheGBIFprogrammeoftheGermanFederalMinistryofEducation andResearch,umbrellaprojectID:Ol LI02043,Oct.2002-Dec.2005,lead:Dr.Ch. Häuser,Stuttgart TheGlobInG projectaims toimproveaccess to TAX databaseSystem atUlm University (SYSTAX; - collectionsbyprovidingdigital photographsof GBIF-D).Sustainabilityisguaranteedbycontinuous theca. 5000primarytypespecimensofGeome- maintenancethroughZSM.Similarly,Geometridae tridaestoredinGermanmuseumsandbyinven- types from othercollections in Germany and other toryingaccompanyingscientificdata(examined countries have been inventoried within the frame- primarydata) work of the FORUM HERBULOT initiative, thus - relevantliteraturedatawithscientificcontrolof greatinternationalimpactis expected frombothof taxonomicStatusandnomenclaturalavailability; these activities, and Geometridae as model group asfaraspossiblewithdigital facsimileoforigi- will get established further forvarious kinds ofre- naldescription search. Untiltoday1500primarytypesarephoto-documen- Atthe ForuniHerbulot2006, twostrategiesare tarily recorded, including more than 4000 picture proposedforthefutureanddisposedtodiscussion, data of dorsal and ventral view of the specimens inOrdertointegrateotherexistingdatasetsworld- and the labeis. To date, about 800 object data sets wideintothe'GlobalInformationSystemGeometri- (includingallprimarytypesoftheHerbulotcollec- dae' ('GlobInG-Input-LighL and 'GloblnG-Input- tion at the ZSM) are processed in detail and are FulL). integrated into the existing database according to the Standards of the GART/GloBlS project on the SYSTAX: butterflies of the world. For this the respective http://www.biologie.uni-ulm.de/systax/daten/ originaldescriptionswereevaluatedandallrelevant indexe.htnil taxonomicInformationwasincludedintothedata- SYSTAX: Geometridae (List ofTaxa): base. These data sets contain the citation of the http://www.biologie.uni-ulm.de/cgi-bin/portal/ original description, Information about the locus portal.pl?tquery=geometridae&cquery=&locc|uery typicus,alistingofthetypematerial,and,addition- =&longfrom=&longto=&latfrom=&latto=&labquer ally, the digital photographs of each specimen y=&iquery=&query=&wrapper=0&data=all&typus mentionedabove.Sofarthedatabasecontains2000 =yes&sort=tax&displ=s&lang=e&sid=T&expert=y Image data sets ofthese completely processed pri- es&acro=ZSM marytypes, 300accompanyingliteraturedata sets, 400 Image data sets of the facsimile of the original GBIF-D: descriptionsand 150Imagesofgenitaliaslides.The http://www.biologie.uni-ulm.de/cgi-bin/query_ dataareaccessiblethroughtheinternet-based SYS- all/query all.pl?lang=d&pr=gbif-el 209