P1:Binod May17,2007 18:7 AU4288 AU4288˙C000 P1:Binod May17,2007 18:7 AU4288 AU4288˙C000 P1:Binod May17,2007 18:7 AU4288 AU4288˙C000 P1:Binod May17,2007 18:7 AU4288 AU4288˙C000 Auerbach Publications Taylor & Francis Group 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300 Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742 © 2007 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC Auerbach is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, an Informa business No claim to original U.S. Government works Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 International Standard Book Number-10: 1-4200-4288-2 (Hardcover) International Standard Book Number-13: 978-1-4200-4288-7 (Hardcover) This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. Reprinted material is quoted with permission, and sources are indicated. A wide variety of references are listed. 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Trademark Notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Distributed antenna systems : open architecture for future wireless communications / editors Honglin Hu, Yan Zhang, Jijun Luo. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN-13: 978-1-4200-4288-7 (alk. paper) ISBN-10: 1-4200-4288-2 (alk. paper) 1. Wireless communication systems. 2. Antenna arrays. I. Hu, Honglin, 1975- II. Zhang, Yan, 1977- III. Luo, Jijun. TK6565.A6D57 2007 621.382’4--dc22 2006101714 Visit the Taylor & Francis Web site at http://www.taylorandfrancis.com and the Auerbach Web site at http://www.auerbach-publications.com P1:Binod May17,2007 18:7 AU4288 AU4288˙C000 CONTENTS Preface.................................................................. vii Acknowledgments ........................................................ix AbouttheEditors .........................................................xi Contributors ........................................................... xiii PART I: CHANNEL AND THEORETICAL ISSUES 1 DiversityandMultiplexingforDAS:ChannelModelingPerspective ......1 YifanChen,YanZhang,ChauYuenandZhenrongZhang 2 AnInformationTheoreticViewofDistributedAntennaProcessing inCellularSystems ................................................... 31 OrenSomekh,OsvaldoSimeone,YeheskelBar-Ness,AlexanderM.Haimovich, UmbertoSpagnoliniandShlomoShamai(Shitz) 3 TheoreticalLimitsofCellularSystemswithDistributedAntennas ...... 65 WanChoiandJeffreyG.Andrews 4 CooperativeCommunicationsinMobileAdHocNetworks: RethinkingtheLinkAbstraction....................................... 87 AnnaScaglione,DennisL.GoeckelandJ.NicholasLaneman 5 DistributedAntennaSystemsandLinearRelaying forRank-DeficientMIMOSystems .................................... 117 BorisRankov,Jo¨rgWagnerandArminWittneben PART II: MAC AND PROTOCOLS 6 DistributedSignalProcessinginWirelessSensorNetworks ........... 141 SudharmanK.JayaweeraandRamanarayananViswanathan 7 OptimalResourceAllocationofDAS ................................. 169 LinDai v P1:Binod May17,2007 18:7 AU4288 AU4288˙C000 vi (cid:1) DistributedAntennaSystems:OpenArchitectureforFutureWirelessCommunications 8 CooperativeContention-BasedMACProtocolsandSmartAntennas inMobileAdHocNetworks .......................................... 201 JohnA.Stine 9 Cross-LayerDesignforWirelessSensorNetworkswithVirtualMIMO.. 241 YongYuanandMinChen 10 DistributedOrganizationofCooperativeAntennaSystems ............ 279 WolfgangZirwas,JeeHyunKim,VolkerJungnickel,MartinSchubert, TobiasWeber,AndreasAhrensandMartinHaardt PART III: CASE STUDIES AND APPLICATIONS 11 ExperimentalStudyofIndoorDistributedAntennaSystems .......... 313 FeiTongandIanA.Glover 12 ACaseStudyonDistributedAntennaSystems ........................ 337 TroelsB.So/rensen 13 RFSystemEngineeringforaCDMADistributedAntennaSystem ...... 365 CraigJ.StanzianoandDong-JyeShyy 14 Multi-HopVirtualCellularNetwork .................................. 407 EisukeKudohandFumiyukiAdachi 15 DASforDVB-HNetworks ............................................ 435 XiaodongYang Index.................................................................... 459 P1:Binod May17,2007 18:7 AU4288 AU4288˙C000 PREFACE The rapid growth in mobile communications has led to an increasing demand for wide- band high data rate communications services. In recent years, Distributed Antenna Systems (DAS) has emerged as a promising candidate for future (beyond 3G or 4G) mobile communications, as illustrated by projects such as FRAMES and FuTURE. The architecture of DAS inherits and develops the concepts of pico- or micro-cell systems, where multiple distributed antennas or access points (AP) are connected to and con- trolled by a central unit. DAS owns the property of open wireless architecture (OWA), which is one of the key features of future wireless communication systems. Due to its open architecture, DAS can be assigned new and more flexible radio resource manage- ment, and thus outperforms conventional centralized wireless communication systems. These distributed antenna techniques are being studied intensively for cellular sys- tems, and are especially suitable for ad hoc and mesh networks due to their inherent distributed characteristics. However, many topics involving the physical layer and (especially) high-efficiency protocols for DAS still need further investigation. Distributed Antenna Systems: Open Architecture for Future Wireless Communica- tions is the first book to provide readers with a comprehensive technical guide to the fundamental concepts, recent advances, and open issues of DAS. The subject is explored via various key challenges in numerous diverse scenarios including archi- tecture, capacity, connectivity, scalability, medium access control, scheduling, dynamic channel assignment, and cross-layer optimization. The primary focus of this book is on conceptintroduction,effectiveprotocolproposal,systemintegration,performanceanal- ysistechniques,simulation,experimentation,and,moreimportantly,futuredirectionsin DASresearch.Theobjectiveofthebookistoserveasavaluablereferenceforscientists, facultymembers,researchers,students,engineers,andresearchstrategistsinthisrapidly evolving field. This book is organized in three parts: (cid:1) Part I: Channel and Theoretical Issues (cid:1) Part II: MAC and Protocols (cid:1) Part III: Case Studies and Applications In Part I, DAS fundamentals, including channel models for DAS and theoretical issues for DAS are introduced, which enable the readers to understand the capacity ofDASwithdifferentstructures.PartIIconcentratesontheMACandprotocolsforDAS, including distributed signal processing, optimal resource allocation, cooperative MAC protocols,cross-layerdesign,anddistributedorganization.PartIIIillustratescasestudies and applications of DAS, including experiments, RF engineering, and applications. vii P1:Binod May17,2007 18:7 AU4288 AU4288˙C000 viii (cid:1) DistributedAntennaSystems:OpenArchitectureforFutureWirelessCommunications This book has the following salient features: (cid:1) Providesacomprehensivereferencetostate-of-the-artDAStechnology,including concepts, protocols, architecture, and system implementation (cid:1) Identifies advanced DAS research topics and future research directions (cid:1) Provides an easy-to-understand introduction to DAS via the use of illustrative figures (cid:1) Providesacompletecross-referencetothedifferentlayersofDASprotocolstacks (cid:1) Detailstechniquesthatcanbeusedtoefficientlyimprovetheperformanceofthe DAS (cid:1) Explores emerging DAS standardization activities and specifications The book can serve as a useful reference for students, educators, faculties, telecom service providers, research strategists, scientists, researchers, and engineers in the field of wireless networks and mobile communications. P1:Binod May17,2007 18:7 AU4288 AU4288˙C000 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We would like to acknowledge the time and effort invested by all of the contributors and to thank them for their excellent work. They were all extremely professional and cooperative. Special thanks go to Richard O’Hanley, Jessica Vakili, Ari Silver, Jennifer Strong, and many other colleagues of the Taylor & Francis Group for their support, patience,andprofessionalismfromthebeginninguntilthefinalstage.Wearealsograte- fultoCharlesDevauxforhishelpintypesetting.Last,butnotleast,aspecialthankyouto our families and friends for their constant encouragement, patience, and understanding throughout this project. HonglinHu,YanZhang,andJijunLuo ix