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RECENT ADVANCES IN HEMATOLOGY RESEARCH D I ISSEMINATED NTRAVASCULAR C (DIC) OAGULATION C M , LINICAL ANIFESTATIONS D IAGNOSIS AND T O REATMENT PTIONS BALWINDER SINGH, M.D. EDITOR New York Copyright © 2014 by Nova Science Publishers, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means: electronic, electrostatic, magnetic, tape, mechanical photocopying, recording or otherwise without the written permission of the Publisher. For permission to use material from this book please contact us: Telephone 631-231-7269; Fax 631-231-8175 Web Site: http://www.novapublishers.com NOTICE TO THE READER The Publisher has taken reasonable care in the preparation of this book, but makes no expressed or implied warranty of any kind and assumes no responsibility for any errors or omissions. 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It is sold with the clear understanding that the Publisher is not engaged in rendering legal or any other professional services. If legal or any other expert assistance is required, the services of a competent person should be sought. FROM A DECLARATION OF PARTICIPANTS JOINTLY ADOPTED BY A COMMITTEE OF THE AMERICAN BAR ASSOCIATION AND A COMMITTEE OF PUBLISHERS. Additional color graphics may be available in the e-book version of this book. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data ISBN: (cid:28)(cid:26)(cid:27)(cid:16)(cid:20)(cid:16)(cid:25)(cid:21)(cid:28)(cid:23)(cid:27)(cid:16)(cid:22)(cid:21)(cid:26)(cid:16)(cid:25) (eBook) Library of Congress Control Number: 2013950460 Published by Nova Science Publishers, Inc. † New York Contents Preface vii Chapter I Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation: Clinical Manifestations 1 Akhilesh Kumar Tiwari, MD, Michell Gulabani, MD, Prashant Dass, MD and Rishi Raj Sanjay, MD Chapter II Risk Factors for Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation 15 Akhilesh Kumar Tiwari, MD, Rajiv Ratan Singh, MD, Rishi Raj Sanjay, MD, Naveen Ganjoo, MD and Balwinder Singh, MD Chapter III Thrombomodulin and Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation 41 Shu-Min Lin MD and Han-Pin Kuo MD, PhD Chapter IV Diagnostic Scoring System for Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation 57 R. K. Singh, MD Chapter V Outcome of Critically Ill Patients with Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation in a Tertiary Care Center 77 Balwinder Singh MD, Rabe’ Elias Alhurani MBBS and Pablo Moreno Franco MD Chapter VI Sepsis and Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation 93 Luis Aurelio Diaz Caballero, MD vi Contents Chapter VII Coagulopathy of Liver Disease versus Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation: Who is Who? 119 Pablo Moreno Franco MD, Jose Yataco MD Balwinder Singh MD and Juan Canabal MD Chapter VIII Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation in Urological Malignancy 143 Aydin Pooli MD and Dharam Kaushik MD Chapter IX Chronic Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC) in Solid Tumors: When, Whom and How to Treat? 155 Felice Vito Vitale, MD, Giovanna Antonelli, MD, Rosalba Rossello, MD and Francesco Ferraù, MD Chapter X Treatment Options for Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation 167 Vaibhav Wadhwa MD and Kriti Kalra MD Index 181 Preface Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation is a devastating syndrome characterized by the systemic activation of widespread activation of the coagulation cascade and thrombosis, which may result in severe bleeding and may lead to organ failure. Recent studies have shown that the incidence of DIC is decreasing, especially in men. Despite the improvements in health care delivery, the morbidity and mortality due to DIC remains very high. Early diagnosis and accurate prognosis are important in improving the outcomes of patients with DIC. However, there is a lack of a gold standard diagnostic test to diagnose DIC and there is a scarcity of treatment or management strategies. Therefore, an understanding of the pathophysiology, ability to diagnose the DIC syndrome and to treat early, is the key. This book provides an important timely update on the clinical manifestations, important risk factors, and treatment strategies for DIC, and provides in-depth information on pathophysiological aspects and various diagnostic scores used to diagnose DIC. Furthermore, we focused on certain important factors related to DIC such as Sepsis, chronic DIC in cancer patients, coagulopathy of liver disorders vs DIC, and DIC in urological malignancies. In addition, this book provides evidence from an important study determining the predictors influencing the hospital mortality rates of the critically ill patients with DIC. This book offers a wide scope of information for physicians in all fields, whether they are intensivists, primary care physicians or oncologists, this will be an important source for identifying the DIC syndrome early, and the appropriate steps to improve patient outcomes will be taken sooner. viii Balwinder Singh I would like to thank all the contributing authors from different fields, who have made a sincere effort to provide in-depth knowledge of DIC in various different settings. I hope that this book would be able to impart important knowledge and understanding on this serious syndrome and help the physicians to diagnose and manage DIC appropriately.