©EntomologicaFennica.10September2019 Discovery of Xestophanopsis gen. n. from China and taxonomic revision of two species misplaced in Ceroptres Hartig, 1840 (Hymenoptera, Cynipoidea: Cynipidae) JuliPujade-Villar,YipingWang*,ZhiweiLiu,XuexinChen,JunhuaHe&MarFerrer-Suay Pujade-Villar,J.,Wang,Y.*,Liu,Z.,Chen,X.,He,J.&Ferrer-Suay,M.2019: DiscoveryofXestophanopsisgen.n.fromChinaandtaxonomicrevisionoftwo speciesmisplacedinCeroptresHartig,1840(Hymenoptera,Cynipoidea:Cyni- pidae).—Entomol.Fennica30:126–137.https://doi.org/10.33338/ef.84149 Inthepresentpaper,wedescribeXestophanopsisPujade-Villar&Wanggen.n. tothetribeDiastrophinibasedonCeroptresdistinctusWang,Liu&Chen,2012 andtransferCeroptresdistinctusWang,Liu&Chen,2012toPericlistusFoerster, 1869asPericlistussetosus(Wang,Liu&Chen,2012)comb.n.Inaddition,we reportthefirstrecordofPericlistuscapillatusKovalev,1968fromChina,along withthefirstreportanddescriptionofthemale.Finally,weprovideataxonomic keytoallEasternPalaearcticspeciesofthegenusPericlistus. J.Pujade-Villar,DepartmentofAnimalBiology,BarcelonaUniversity,Barce- lona08028,Catalunya;E-mail:[email protected] Y.Wang,CollegeofForestandBiotechnology,ZhejiangAgriculturalandFor- estry University, Lin’an 311300, China; *Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected] Z.Liu,EasternIllinoisUniversity,DepartmentofLifeSciences,Charleston,Illi- nois,USA61920,andCentralSouthUniversityofForestry&Technology,Col- legeofLifeSciences,Changsha,Hunan,China,412006;E-mail:[email protected] X.Chen&J.He,InstituteofInsectSciences,CollegeofAgricultureandBiotech- nology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China; E-mail: xxchen@zju. edu.cn M.Ferrer-Suay,AmericanMuseumofNaturalHistory,CentralParkWestat79th Street,NewYork,NY10024,USA;E-mail:[email protected] Received6March2016,accepted22June2018 1.Introduction few unusual species appear to be seed gallers (Weld 1957, 1959, 1960, Ronquist & Liljeblad Gall wasps (Hymenoptera, Cynipoidea: Cyni- 2001, Buffington & Morita 2009). Approxi- pidae) are endophytophagous herbivores whose mately 1,400 gall wasp species are currently larvaedevelopingallsonvegetativeorgansofthe known(Ronquistetal.2015). hostplants,eitherasgall-inducers,orasinquiline ThefamilyCynipidaeiscurrentlygroupedin- inhabitants of galls induced by other cynipids to12tribesbasedonarecentcomprehensivephy- (Liljeblad & Ronquist 1998, Csóka et al. 2005, logeneticanalysisusingbothmorphologicaland Pénzesetal.2009,Ronquistetal.2015),whilea molecular data (Ronquist et al. 2015). Several ENTOMOL.FENNICAVol.30 (cid:127) TaxonomyofCynipidaeofChina 127 new tribes, including Diastrophini, have been mongolicusBelizin,1973fromMongolia,P.ca- erected according to the updated classification pillatus Belizin, 1968 from Russia (Primorskij scheme.Diastrophiniisapparentlyamonophyle- Kraj),P.natalisTaketani&Yasumatsu,1973and ticlineagecurrentlyconsistingoftwogeneraof P.quinlaniTaketani&Yasumatsu,1973fromJa- gallmakers,DiastrophusHartig,1840andXes- pan, and P. qinghainensis Pujade-Villar, Wang, tophanes Foerster, 1869, previously included in Guo & Chen, 2016 from Qinghai Province of thetribeAylacini,andtwoinquilinegenera,Pe- China.ThegenusSynophromorphahasaNearc- riclistus Foerster, 1869 and Synophromorpha tic and Eastern Palaearctic distribution with six Ashmead,1903,previouslyincludedinthetribe described species (Abe et al. 2007), including Synergini. As is understood currently, all mem- twospeciesfromtheEasternPalaearctic:S.tobi- bersoftheDiastrophiniareassociatedwithRosa- asi Belizin, 1973 (from Tajikistan and Kyrgyz- ceaehostplants. stan,withstatusuncertain)andS.taketaniiAbe, Comparedtotheothergallwaspsthatinduce 1998 from Japan (Abe et al. 2007). Of the six gallsonherbaceousorbushhostplants,members known species of Synophromorpha, five are ofDiastrophus(onRubus)andXestophanes(on known to be associated with Diastrophus galls Potentilla)differinhavingabasallobeontarsal (Ronquist&Liljeblad2001)whiletheremaining claws. Diastrophus is widely distributed in the speciesneedstobeconfirmed,althoughitisex- Holarctic(PalaearcticandNearctic)(Schicketal. pectedtohavesimilarhostgallassociation(Abe 2003, Melika 2006, Abe et al. 2007) and Neo- 1998, Abe et al. 2007). In total, six inquilinous tropicalareas(Nieves-Aldreyetal.2013).The18 speciesinthetribeDiastrophiniareknownfrom currently knownspeciesofthegenusallinduce theEasternPalaearctic. galls on host plants in the family Rosaceae ThegenusCeroptresHartig,1840isthesing- (Potentilla, Fragaria and Rubus), with one ex- lememberofthetribeCeroptresiniestablishedby ception, D. smilacis Ashmead, 1896, which in- Ronquist et al. (2015) and is diagnosed by two duces galls on the monocotyledonous Smilax morphologicalfeatures:(i)presenceoftworaised (Smilaceae)(Ashmead1896,Schicketal.2003). verticalcarinaeonthelowerfaceand(ii)metaso- ThegenusXestophanesisendemictoEuropein maltergite2free(notfusedwithmetasomaltergi- theWesternPalaearcticandconsistsofonlytwo te3)andsmall(ratioofmedianlengthofmetaso- known species (Nieves-Aldrey 1994, 2001, maltergite2tomedianlengthofmetasomaltergi- Melika 2006). Both Xestophanes species are te3<1.0).Ceroptresconsistsofabout24known knowntoinducegallsonPotentilla(Rosaceae), speciesandhasaHolarcticdistribution(Ronquist but were also reported to induce galls on etal.2015).AllCeroptresspecieswithahostre- Sibbaldia (Rosaceae) (Belizin 1959), although cordareassociatedwithcrypticcynipidgallson thelatterhostrecordneedstobeconfirmed(Abe Quercus(Ronquistetal.2015).InEasternPalae- etal.2007). arctic,atotaloffivespecieshavebeenreported, The inquilinous members of Diastrophini, includingCeroptressetosusWang,Liu&Chen, Periclistus and Synophromorpha, differ from 2012 and Ceroptres distinctus Wang, Liu & otherPalaearcticinquilinegenera(exceptCerop- Chen,2012(Wangetal.2012). tres)inhavingthemetasomaltergiteIreducedto Inarecenteffortofsystematicsurveyofthe adorsalcrescent-shapedscale.Periclistushasa Eastern Palaearctic cynipid inquilines not be- Holarctic distribution with 15 known species longing to Synergini, especially from mainland (Penzésetal.2012,Pujade-Villaretal.2016).All China, we came to the conclusion that the re- knownspeciesofthegenusPericlistusareassoci- cently described Ceroptres setosus and C. dis- atedwithgallsinducedbyDiplolepisandLiebe- tinctus (Wang et al. 2012) were erroneously lia(Cynipidae:Diplolepidini)onrosehosts,ex- placedbasedonmisinterpretationofkeydiagnos- cept one Nearctic species, P. smilacis Ashmead ticfeatures,andthattheformershouldbetrans- 1896, which was reared from galls of Diastro- ferredtothePericlistuswhilethelatterrepresents phussmilacisinFlorida,USA.IntheEasternPa- anewgenusinthetribeDiastrophini.Inthepres- laearctic,fivespeciesofthegenusareknownup entpaper,wereportthediscoveryofthenewge- to date (Pujade-Villar et al. 2016), which are P. nus,maketaxonomiccorrectionsandprovidefull 128 Pujade-Villaretal. (cid:127) ENTOMOL.FENNICAVol.30 redescriptionsofbothCeroptressetosusandCe- Material examined. 3$, see Xestophanopsis roptresdistinctus.Inaddition,wereportthefirst distinctus (Wang, Liu & Chen, 2012) comb. n. record of Periclistus capillatus Kovalev, 1968 below. fromChinaanddescribethemaleofthespecies Diagnosis. Xestophanopsis gen. n. differs forthefirsttime.Finally,weprovideanupdated fromDiastrophusandXestophanesinhaving10 taxonomic key to all Periclistus species known very long flagellomeres (11 and shorter in Dia- fromtheEasternPalaearcticregion. strophus and Xestophanes), F1 shorter than F2 (equal or longer in Diastrophus and Xestopha- 2.Materialsandmethods nes), radial cell very long, at least 4.0 times as longasbroad(atmost3.5timesaslongaswidein We follow Liljeblad and Ronquist (1998) and DiastrophusandXestophanes).Itfurtherdiffers Melika (2006) for morphological terminology, fromXestophanesinhavingastrongtarsaltooth Ronquist and Nordlander (1989) for abbrevia- (tarsaltoothweakinXestophanes)andfromDia- tionsofforewingvenation,andHarris(1979)for strophusinhavingmetasomaltergiteIIandIIIfu- cuticularsurfaceterminology.Themeasurements sed (tergite II and III not fused in Diastrophus) andabbreviationsusedinclude:F1–F12,firstand andradialcellpartially closedalongthemargin subsequentflagellomeres;POL,post-ocellardis- (openedinDiastrophus).Xestophanopsisgen.n. tance;OOL,thedistancebetweentheinnermar- differsfromSynophromorhaandPericlistus(in- gins of the posterior ocelli; ocellar-ocular dis- quilinous genera) in having a smooth scutum tance measured as the distance from the outer withoutpiliferouspunctures,withveryshortand edgeoftheposteriorocellustotheinnermargin verysuperficialnotauli(scutum,ifsmooth,with ofthecompoundeyeandLOL,thedistancebe- piliferous punctures in Periclistus and notauli tweenlateralandfrontalocelli.Thelengthofthe completeandstrong,formingdeepgroovesinSy- radialcellismeasuredfromtheconjunctionofR1 nophromorpha).Inaddition,thenewgenusalso with2rtothemarginalendofRsoritsprojection differsfromPericlistusinhavingstrongfacialca- whentheveindoesnotreachwingmargin.The rinae(withdelicatefacialcarinaeinPericlistus). widthoftheradialcellismeasuredfromtheante- Finally, the new genus differs from all Diastro- riormarginofforewingtotheconjunctionofRs phinigenerabyfemaleF2beingslightlycurved with2r. andflagellomeresverylong. Allpicturesweretakenusingadigitalcamera Despription.Lowerfacewithstrongradiating (Q-Imaging, Micropublisher 3.3 RTV) attached carinae starting from clypeus, reaching to com- toaLeicaMZAPOstereomicroscope(Wetzlar, poundeyesandantennalsockets.Medialeleva- Germany)andprocessedusingthesoftwareSyn- tedareaalmostsmooth,relativelystronglyraised. opticsAutoMontageversion5.0. Clypeussubquadrangular,slightlyprojectedover Alltypespecimensandotherexaminedmate- mandibles.Frons,vertexandocciputsmoothand rialsaredepositedintheHymenopteraCollection shiny. Antenna with 10 long flagellomeres; F1 ofZAFU(HymenopteraCollectioninZhejiangA shorterthanF2;F2slightlycurved(Fig.1b).Pro- & F University) and UB (University of Barce- notumdorsallylong,smoothandshiny,laterally lona, JP-Vcoll.). In addition, the type of P. ca- withdensewhitesetae;submedialpronotaldep- pillatusdepositedinZIN(ZoologicalInstituteof ressionsdeep,transversal,andseparatedmedial- theRussianAcademySciences,SantPetersburg, ly;pronotalplatelaterallywelldelimitedthroug- Russia)wasalsoexamined. houttoscutum,alutaceous,shiny,withsomese- tae.Scutumsmoothandshiny;notauliincomple- 3.Taxonomy te,verysuperficialinanteriorhalf;medianmeso- scutallineabsent,orrepresentedbyaveryshort, 3.1.XestophanopsisPujade-Villar barelydetectabletriangle;antero-medianparallel linesabsent;parapsidallinespresent.Mesopleu- &Wanggen.n. ronsmoothandshiny.Scutellumrugose-reticula- Typespecies:CeroptresdistinctusWang,Liu& te and punctate; scutellar foveae present. Fore- Chen,2012.Presentdesignation. wing pubescent, margin with short cilia; radial ENTOMOL.FENNICAVol.30 (cid:127) TaxonomyofCynipidaeofChina 129 Fig.1.Xestophnopsisdistinctuscomb.n.female.–a.Habitus.–b.Antennaanddetailsoffirstsegments,F2: curvaturemarkedbyarrow.–c.Headandmesosoma.–d.Propodeum.–e.Metasoma.epreviouslypublished inWangetal.(2012). 130 Pujade-Villaretal. (cid:127) ENTOMOL.FENNICAVol.30 celllong,R1reachingtowingmarginanddistally ventrally, not emarginated medially; anterior slightlycurvedlaterad.Tarsalclawswithastrong tentorialpitsdistinctandsmall;epistomalsulcus basal lobe. Metasoma without punctures; first and clypeo-pleurostomal lines indistinct. Trans- metasomal tergite short, crescent-shaped and facialdistance0.75timesaslongasheightofeye; smooth;tergitesIIandIIIoffemalesfusedwitha diameterofantennaltorulus1.5timesaslongas densepatchofwhitesetaeantero-laterally;ven- distance between them. Inner margins of eyes tralspineofhypopygiumshort. parallel. Frons, vertex and occiput smooth with Etymology.Thenameofthenewgenusrefers sparse setae; lateral frontal carina absent. POL: to its morphological similarities to the Western LOL:OOL=4:3:2andlateralocellusaswideas Palaearctic genus Xestophanes Foerster, 1869. OOL. Genderismasculine. Antenna (Fig. 1b). 12-segmented, slightly Xestophanopsis distinctus (Wang, Liu & longer than head plus mesosoma; pedicel 1.5 Chen,2012)comb.n. times as long as broad; F1 1.7 times as long as Type material (deposited in ZAFU). Holo- pedicel and around 0.6 times as long as F2; F2 type. $, China: Zhejiang, Tianmushan, Xian- slightlycurved;relativelengthsofantennalseg- rending(119°34’E,30°26’N),20.VI.1999,Zhao ments:6:4:8:13(×2.8):19:14:13:12:11(×3.6): Ming-shuileg.,Malaisetrap,No.996127.Para- 11:10:21.PlacodealsensillaF2–F10. types. 1$, same labels as the holotype, No. Mesosoma (Figs. 1c, d, 2d–f). 1.2 times as 996124;theparatypeNo. 995985isnotCerop- longashighinlateralview.Pronotumpubescent, tresdistinctus(seecommentsbelow). without lateral carina; submedian pronotal pits Additionalmaterial.1$,samedataasHolo- present,transversal,separatedbyawidemedian type (not type material, deposited in JP-V coll. carina. Mesoscutum largely smooth and shiny, UB),No.996123(seecommentsbelow). very sparsely setose without punctures. Notauli Redescription.Length.Female:2.1–2.2mm, shallowly impressed posteriorly and absent maleunknown. antero-medially.Anteromedianparallellinesab- Colour. Head largely bright-brown except sent, barely visible; median mesoscutal line ab- mandibles dark yellow basal-medially, maxillar sent;parapsidallinespresentandveryshort,al- andlabialpalpspaleyellow;antennadarkyellow mostabsent.Scutellumslightlywiderthanlong, basallyandpalebrownmedio-distally;pronotum rugose-reticulate,denselysetose,setaelongerlat- darkyellow;mesoscutumandmesopleuronyel- erally and posteriorly; scutellar foveae smooth lowish brown, mesopleural triangle and tegulae and shiny, separated by a wide median carina. darkyellow;legsyellowish;metasomapaleyel- Mesopleuron smooth and shiny, densely pubes- lowbasallyanddarkyellowapically;wingmem- centinlowerportion;metapleuralsulcusreach- branepalegreyandveinsofforewingdarkyel- ing mesopleuron in upper three-fourths of its low. height in lateral view. Propodeum alutaceous, Head (Figs 1c, 2b, d). Alutaceous, almost shiny, pubescent; lateral propodeal carinae dis- smooth, with sparse silver setae. Head slightly tinct, straight, slightly convergent posteriorly; narrower than mesosoma, 1.2 times as broad as areabetweentwolateralcarinaealutaceous,dull, highinfrontviewand2.0timesasbroadaslong withdensesetae. indorsalview.Genanotexpandedbehindeye,al- Forewing(Fig.2a,c).Wingmarginciliated; mostsmoothwithsparsesetae,andwithoutpili- surfacemostlydenselysetose,sparselysetosein ferouspunctures.Malarspaceabout1/4timesas basalportion;radialcellpartiallyopened,4.0–4.2 longasheightofeye.Lowerfacewithsparsesil- timesaslongaswide,areoletdistinct.VeinRs+M versetae,medialraisedareaweaklyalutaceous, well-marked,lessmarkedbeforereachingtohalf almost smooth, without striae, bordered by two ofbasalvein. carinaefromventralmarginofantennalsockets, Legs.Tarsalclawswithabasallobeandtooth. and laterally with strong striae irradiating from Metasoma(Fig.1d,e).Shorterthanheadand clypeus, reaching eye and ventral margin of mesosoma combined, as long as its maximum antennal sockets. Clypeus slightly subquadrate, height in lateral view. First metasomal tergite alutaceous with ventral margin slightly curved short, crescent-shaped and smooth; second and ENTOMOL.FENNICAVol.30 (cid:127) TaxonomyofCynipidaeofChina 131 Fig.2.Xestophnopsisdistinctuscomb.n.female.–a.Wings.–b.Head,frontalview.–c.Detailsofradialcell, endingofmarginalveinshownbyarrow.–d.Headandmesosoma,dorsalview.–e.Scutum.–f.Scutellum. apreviouslypublishedinWangetal.(2012). thirdmetasomaltergitesfused,withapatchofpu- Comments.Onespecimen(No.995985,para- bescenceantero-laterally;subsequentmetasomal typeintheoriginaltypeseries) wasreportedas tergiteswithfewscatteredsetaeandsmallpunc- maleintheoriginaldescription.However,itwas tures.Hypopygiumwithveryminutedensepunc- foundtobeafemaleofadifferentspecies. An- tures, ventral ridge with white setae, prominent otherspecimen(No.996123)wasapparentlyer- partofventralspineofhypopygiumshort,aslong roneouslylabeledasaparatypebecauseitwasnot asbroad. includedintheoriginaldescription(thespecimen Host.Unknown. isnowdepositedintheJP-Vcoll.). 132 Pujade-Villaretal. (cid:127) ENTOMOL.FENNICAVol.30 3.2.PericlistusFoerster,1869 1.2–1.3timesasbroadashighinfrontviewand 2.0timesasbroadaslongindorsalview. Gena 3.2.1.Periclistussetosus(Wang,Liu&Chen, with setiferous punctures, not expanded behind 2012)comb.n. eye. Malar space around 0.3 times as long as CeroptressetosusWang,Liu&Chen,2012 heightofeye.Lowerfacedelicatelycoriaceous, Type material. Holotype. $, China: Longwang withsparsewhitesetaeanddensedelicatestriae Mountain (119°24’E, 30°23’N), Anji (Zhejiang irradiating fromclypeus, reaching eye and ven- Province), 25.VI.1996, Jun-hua He leg., No. tral margin of antennal sockets; medial raised 962775. Paratypes. 4$, China: Shumuyuan, areaweakly coriaceouswithoutstriae,bordered Shenzhou (Fujian Province), 11.IV.1991, Tang by two carinae fromventral margin of antennal Yu-qing leg., Malaise trap, No. 20009978; sockets. Clypeus slightly subquadrate, aluta- Hangzhou(ZhejiangProvince),19.V.1995,Jun- ceous, ventral margin without medial incision; hua He leg., No. 966136; Hangzhou (Zhejiang anterior tentorial pits small and distinct; epi- Province), 24.V.1980, Jun-hua He leg., No. stomalsulcusand clypeo-pleurostomallinesin- 801525; Fatou, Deqing (Zhejiang Province), distinct.Transfacialdistancearound0.75timesas 27.V.1996,JunhuaHeleg.,No.954479.Alltype longasheightofeye;diameterofantennaltorulus materialdepositedinZAFU. around 1.5 times distance between them. Inner Diagnosis.Thespeciesismorphologicallysi- marginsofeyesparallel.Frons,vertexandocci- milartoallotherEasternPalaearcticPericlistus put smooth sparsely finely punctate with setae; species(P.qinghainensis,P.capillatus,P.natalis lateralfrontalcarinaabsent.POL:LOL:OOL= andP.quinlani)inhavingthemesopleuronenti- 4:3:2andlateralocellusaswideasOOL. relysmoothandshiny,withoutstriae,andmeso- Antenna (Fig. 3e). 12-segmented, slightly scutumsmoothoralutaceousandshiny,sparsely longer than head and mesosoma combined; finelypunctatewithsetae.Periclistussetosusdif- pedicelsubquadrate,1.4timesaslongaswide;F1 fersfromP.qinghainensisandP.capillatusinha- 1.9timesaslongaspedicelandequaltolengthof vingcompletenotauli(absentinP.qinghainensis F2;relativelengthsofantennalsegmentsfromF1 andincompleteinP.capillatus),fromP.capilla- toF10are:11:11:11:10:9:9:8:7:6:17. tus by having F1 equal to F2, frons and vertex Mesosoma (Fig. 3b–d). 1.3 times as long as with fine piliferous punctures and smooth and highinlateralview.Pronotumpubescent,without shinyscutum(inP.capillatusF1slightlyshorter lateral carina, submedian pronotal depressions thanF2,frontsandvertexwithoutfinepiliferous narrow,transversal,separatedbyawidemedian punctures, and scutum partially alutaceous and carina. Mesoscutum with setigerous punctures. dull).PericlistussetosusdiffersfromthetwoJa- Notaulicomplete,deeplyimpressed,narrowan- panesespecies(P.natalisandP.quinlani)inha- teriorly and relatively broadened posteriorly. vingashortandpartiallyopenradialcell,radial Anteromedianparallellinespresentandweakly cell3.0timesaslongaswide(4.0timesaslongas impressed,extendingposteriorlyto1/4ofentire wide and completely open in P. natalis and P. length of mesoscutum; median mesoscutal line quinlani). present in posterior 1/3 of mesoscutum; para- Redescription.Lengthoffemale1.8–2.0mm, psidallinespresentinposterior1/3ofmesoscu- maleunknown. tum.Scutellumslightlywiderthanlong,rugose, Colour.Headlargelyblackwithslightreddish with long dense setae; scutellar foveae smooth tint, except for mandibles yellowish brown, andshiny,separatedbyanarrowmediancarina. maxillary and labial palps pale yellow; scapus Mesopleuronsmoothandshiny,pubescentonly andpedicelpaleyellow,flagellomeresdarkyel- inlowerportion;metapleuralsulcusreachingme- low;mesosomabrightblack,tegulaebrown;legs sopleuroninupperthree-fifthsofitsheightinlat- paleyellowexceptcoxadarkyellow;metasoma eral view; metapleuron and propodeum pubes- blackish brown; wing membrane pale grey and cent; lateral propodeal carinae distinct, straight veinsofforewingdarkyellow. and slightly convergent posteriorly; median Head(Fig.3a).Alutaceouswithsparsewhite propodeal area coriaceous, lateral propodeal ar- setae. Head slightly narrower than mesosoma, easwithdensesetae. ENTOMOL.FENNICAVol.30 (cid:127) TaxonomyofCynipidaeofChina 133 Fig.3.Periclistussetosuscomb.n.female.–a.Head,dorsalview.–b.Body,lateralview.–c,d.Me- sosoma.–e.Firstsegmentsofantenna.–f.Forewing,endingofmarginalveinshownbyarrow.a,b andfpreviouslypublishedinWangetal.(2012). Forewing (Fig. 3f). Margin ciliated; surface Legs.Tarsalclawswithsmallbasallobeand denselysetoseexceptforsparselysetosebasalpor- tooth. tion;radialcellpartiallyopened,around3.0times Metasoma (Fig. 3b). Shorter than head and aslongasbroad,areoletdistinct.VeinRs+Mwell- mesosoma combined, as long as its maximum marked, except pale for proximal 1/4, reaching height in lateral view. First metasomal tergite basalveinslightlyposteriorfrommiddle. short, crescent-shaped and smooth; second and 134 Pujade-Villaretal. (cid:127) ENTOMOL.FENNICAVol.30 Fig.4.Periclistuscapillatus.–a.Radialcell,endingofmarginalveinshownbyarrow.–b.Firstsegmentsoffe- maleantenna.–c.Firstsegmentsofmaleantenna. thirdmetasomaltergitesfused,withapatchofpu- Yunleg.,No.981572(depositedinZAFU). bescence anterolaterally; subsequent metasomal Comments. This species was originally de- tergiteswithscatteredsetaeandsmallpunctures, scribedbasedonasinglefemalecollectedinthe eachsmallpuncturebearingaveryfineseta,ven- FarEastofRussia.AccordingtoPujade-Villaret tralridgewithwhitesetae,prominentpartofven- al.(2016),themaindiagnosticcharactersforthis tralspineofhypopygiumshort,atmostaslongas speciesinclude:blackheadandmesosoma,red- broad. dish brown metasoma, testaceous antennae and Host.Unknown. legs; 12-segmented antenna, F1 slightly shorter Comments.ThenewcombinationofP.setosus thanF2(Fig.4b);fronsandvertexsmoothwith- is well justified. Periclistus is a Holarctic genus outpiliferousfinepunctures,mesoscutumaluta- andallPericlistusspecieswithahostrecordare ceous to smooth with piliferous fine punctures inquilinesofDiplolepidinigallsonRosa.Asingle and sparse pubescence; notauli and median speciesofthegenushasbeenpreviouslyreported mesocutal sulcus present posteriorly, short, fromChina(Pujade-Villaretal.2016).Periclistus nearlyabsentinanterior3/4to2/3ofscutum;me- setosussharethesamesetofmorphologicalfea- sopleuronsmooth;radialcellopen(Fig.4a)but turescharacteristicoftheEasternPalaearcticspe- partially closed (R1 distinctly projected toward ciesofthegenus(seediagnosisabove),suggesting anterior margin of forewing), 3.0–3.3 times as thatthesespeciesmayshareacommonoriginand longasbroad;areoletvisible;metasomaltergites diversified within the region, although formal fused(T2+T3)andsmooth,withananterolateral phylogeneticanalysisisneededbeforesuchacon- patch of white setae; subsequent segments gla- clusionisevententativelyproposed. brouswithmicropunctures.Themaleissimilarto the female except for the following characters: 3.2.2.PericlistuscapillatusKovalev,1968 antenna 14-segmented, F1 slightly shorter than Type material. 1$, with the following labels: F2, curved and expanded apically and basally “Kedrovaya pad’[Nature Reserve] Primorie [= (Fig.4c);antennalformulais4:3:5:6:5:5:4.5: Primorskiykray]O.Kovalev17V60”.Depos- 4:4:3.5:3:3:2.5:4.5;POL:LOL:OOLis4:2.5: itedinZIN. 2,andlateralocellusaswideasOOL;radialcell Additionalmaterial.1$,withtheSaphonecus 3.2timesaslongasbroad. label, Baiyun Mountain, Songxian (Henan Pro- FirstrecordfromChina. vince), 19.VII.1996, Cai Ping leg., No. 972990 3.2.3.TaxonomickeytoEasternPalaearctic (deposited UB, JP-V coll.); 1#, with the speciesofPericlistusFoerster,1869 Synergus chinensis label, Luanchuan (Henan Province), 12.VII.1996, Cai Ping leg., No. TheknownspeciesofPericlistusintheEastern 974554;1$,withtheSaphonecuslabelZhouzhi, Palaearcticcanbeidentifiedusingthefollowing Houzhenzi(ShaanxiProvince),2-3.VI.1998,Ma taxonomickey. ENTOMOL.FENNICAVol.30 (cid:127) TaxonomyofCynipidaeofChina 135 1. Radialcelllong,around4.0timesaslongas pleurostomallinesareabsent,thegularsulciare wide, opened; forewing with small clouded indistinct, the female antenna is 12-segmented, maculaposteriortoanteriormarginnearapex the longitudinal ridge on F1 of male antenna is ofradialcell 2 present,thepronotumismediallylongmedially, – Radialcellshort,around3.0timesaslongas the pronotal plate is distinct, its lateral margins wide, and partially closed or closed, but if areentirelymarked,almostreachingtheposterior closed,themarginalveinveryinconspicuous; marginofthepronotum,themesoscutumandthe forewinghyaline 3 mesopleuron are glabrous (Diastrophus, Xesto- 2. Notaular pits present anteriorly, weakly im- phanes and Xesthophanopsis gen. n.) or sculp- pressed;metasomareddish-brown.[Distribu- tured with piliferous punctures (Periclistus and tion:Japan] P.natalis Synophromorpha), the metatarsal claws are – Notaular pits absent; metasoma blackish stronglybentapicallyandexpandedtoalobeor brown.[Distribution:Japan] P.quinlani toothbasally,theclawshavelongsubapicalseta, 3. Notauli completely absent. [Distribution: the abdominal terga 3–8 are either free in both China] P.qinghainensis sexes(Diastrophus)or3+4fusedinfemalesand – Notaulipresent,completeorincomplete 4 free in males (Xestophanes, Periclistus and 4. Frons and vertex without punctures. F1 Synophromorpha)and,finally,thesternalpartof shorterthanF2.Radialcellopen,R1present thepetiolarannulus(theventralmarginalflange alongwingmarginalongatleasttheproximal ofpetiole)ispresentanddistinctlyprojecting. halfofradialcell,sometimesinconspicuously The Diastrophini tribe includes both gall- closed.Scutumanteriorlyweaklyalutaceous formingandinquilinousgenera,beingallassoci- andwithfinepiliferouspunctures,especially atedwithhostplantsinRosaceaefamily,anditis between anterior parallel lines; notauli in- uncertainastowhetherXestophanopsisdistinctus complete or very weakly impressed anteri- comp.n.isagall-makeroraninquilinespecies. orly. Metasoma reddish-brown. [Distribu- Nonetheless,thenewgenussharesmoremorpho- tion:FarEastandChina] P.capillatus logicalsimilaritieswiththegallmakinggeneraof – Frons and vertex with fine piliferous punc- the tribe, especially Xestophanes, and does not tures. F1 as long as F2. Radial cell partially seemto beclosely related to theknown inquili- open,R1shortlyprojectedalongwingmargin nousgenera.Forexample,Synophromorphahasa of radial cell. Scutum smooth between complete and very strongly impressed notauli setiferous points, shiny; notauli complete. whileXestophanopsisgen.n.hasanincomplete Metasoma blackish brown. [Distribution: andposteriorlyverysuperficialnotauli,although China] P.setosus theboth generahavethelower facewith strong striae irradiating from the clypeus, reaching the eyeandtheventralmarginoftheantennalsockets. 4.Discussion Some Eastern Palaearctic species of Periclistus haveasmoothmesoscutumwithshortandsuper- Allthespecimensexaminedinthepresentstudy ficialnotauliasinXestophanopsisgen.n.,butin werecollectedusingMalaisetraps,andtherefore thesecasesthescutumhasstrongpiliferousfine donotallowtoelucidatethebiologyofthespe- punctures(absentinXestophanopsisgen.n.)and ciestheyrepresent.Informationonthehosts,both theirradiatingcarinaeinthelowerfacearedense gallmakinghostandplanthost,isveryimportant and delicate (not dense and strong as in in the identification of cynipid inquilines, and Xestophanopsisgen.n.). consequently, identification of specimens col- Cynipidsasherbgallersaremostlyunknown lected by Malaise traps can sometimes be very intheEasternPalaearctic(Abeetal.2007).With- difficult. inthegallmakinggenerainDiastrophini,Species Thespeciesincludedinthepresentstudyfall of Xestophanes are exclusively associated with well within the tribe Diastrophini according to herbaceous species of Potentilla while those of Ronquistetal.(2015),displayingthecharacteris- DiastrophusformgallsonRubusspp.,Potentilla ticfeaturesofthetribe,includingthattheclypeo- spp., Fragariavirginiana DuchesneandSmilax