Digital Twin Technology Digital Twin Technology Edited by Gopal Chaudhary, Manju Khari, and Mohamed Elhoseny First edition published 2022 by CRC Press 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300, Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742 and by CRC Press 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 4RN © 2022 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, LLC The right of Gopal Chaudhary, Manju Khari and Mohamed Elhoseny to be identified as the authors of the editorial material, and of the authors for their individual chapters, has been asserted in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. Reasonable efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the author and publisher cannot assume responsibility for the validity of all materials or the consequences of their use. 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For works that are not available on CCC please contact m pkbookspermissions@ tandf.co.uk Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. Library of Congress Cataloging‑in‑Publication Data A catalog record for this book has been requested ISBN: 9780367677954 ( hbk) ISBN: 9780367677978 ( pbk) ISBN: 9781003132868 ( ebk) DOI: 10.1201/9781003132868 Typeset in Times by codeMantra Contents Editors ......................................................................................................................vii Contributors ..............................................................................................................ix Chapter 1 Digital Twin Technology: An Evaluation .............................................1 Vanitha Jain, N. Luthra, and D. Saini Chapter 2 Digital Twin: Towards Internet of Drones .........................................23 J. Arora and M. Tushir Chapter 3 Digital Twin in Agriculture Sector: Detection of Disease Using Deep Learning ....................................................................................47 Meenu Gupta, M. Kumari, and C. Ved Chapter 4 Crop Diseases Detection and Prevention Using AI and Machine Learning Techniques ..........................................................................61 Meenu Gupta, Rakesh Kumar, and Divya Singh Chapter 5 Architecture of Digital Twin for Network Forensic Analysis Using Nmap and Wireshark ...............................................................83 Kapil Kumar and Manju Khari Chapter 6 Wind Catchers as Earth Building: Digital Twins vs Green Sustainable Architecture ..................................................................105 Hamed Niroumand, Charles J. Kibert, Somayeh Asadi, Fatemeh Mahdavi, and Hadi Arabi Chapter 7 Digital Twin and the Detection and Location of DoS Attacks to Secure Cyber-Physical UAS .............................................................135 Gita Donkal and Anjali Donkal Chapter 8 Digital Twin Techniques in Recognition of Human Action Using the Fusion of Convolutional Neural Network ........................165 Meenu Gupta, Rakesh Kumar, and Sapna Dewari v vi Contents Chapter 9 eVote – A Decentralized Voting Platform ........................................187 Vanita Jain, Akanshu Raj, Abhishek Tanwar, and Mridul Khurana Chapter 10 Nessus: A Vulnerability Scanner Tool in Network Forensic ...........205 Himanshu Chapter 11 Case Studies Related to Depression Detection Using Deep Learning Techniques ........................................................................219 Jagannath Jayanti, Madhavendra Singh, and Vibhuti Jain Index ......................................................................................................................237 Editors Dr. Gopal Chaudhary is currently working as an assistant professor in Bharati Vidyapeeth’s College of Engineering, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, Delhi, India. He holds a Ph.D. in biometrics at the division of Instrumentation and Control Engineering, Netaji Subhas Institute of Technology, University of Delhi, India. He received B.E. degree in electronics and communication engineering in 2009 and the MTech degree in microwave and optical communication from Delhi Technological University ( formerly known as Delhi College of Engineering), New Delhi, India, in 2012. He has 30 publications in refereed national/ international jour- nals and conferences ( e.g. Elsevier, Springer, Inderscience) in the area of biometrics and its applications. His current research interests include soft computing, intelligent systems, information fusion, and pattern recognition. He has organized many confer- ences and contributed to special issues. Dr. Manju Khari is an assistant professor in Netaji Subhas University of Technology, East Campus, Delhi, India. She is also the professor- in-charge of the IT Services of the Institute and has experience of more than twelve years in network planning and management. She holds a Ph.D. in computer science & engineering from National Institute of Technology, Patna. She received her Master’s degree in information security from Ambedkar Institute of Advanced Communication Technology and Research, formerly known as Ambedkar Institute of Technology affiliated to Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, Delhi, India. Her research interests are soft- ware testing, information security, optimization, image processing, and machine learning. She has published more than 100 papers in refereed national/ international journals and conferences ( viz. IEEE, ACM, Springer, Inderscience, and Elsevier), and 6 book chapters in a Springer book. She is also a co-author of two books pub- lished by NCERT of Secondary and Senior Secondary School. Dr. Mohamed Elhoseny is currently an assistant professor at the Faculty of Computers and Information, Mansoura University. Dr. Elhoseny has been appointed as an ACM Distinguished Speaker from 2019 to 2022. Collectively, Dr. Elhoseny authored/ co-authored over 85 ISI journal articles in high-ranked and prestigious journals such as IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics ( IEEE), IEEE Transactions on Reliability ( IEEE), Future Generation Computer Systems (E lsevier), and Neural Computing and Applications ( Springer). Besides, Dr. Elhoseny authored/ edited 15 international books ( 11 published by Springer, 2 published by Taylor& Francis, 1  published by Elsevier, and 1 published by IGI Global). His research inter- ests include smart cities, network security, artificial intelligence, internet of things, and intelligent systems. Dr. Elhoseny serves as the Editor- in-Chief of International Journal of Smart Sensor Technologies and Applications ( IGI Global). Moreover, he is an Associate Editor of many journals such as IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics ( IEEE), IEEE Access ( IEEE), Scientific Reports (N ature), vii viii Editors IEEE Future Directions ( IEEE), Remote Sensing ( MDPI), and International Journal of E-Services and Mobile Applications ( IGI Global), and Applied Intelligence ( Springer). He also served as the c o-chair, the publication chair, the program chair, and the track chair for several international conferences published by IEEE and Springer. Dr. Elhoseny is the E ditor- in-Chief of the Studies in Distributed Intelligence Springer Book Series, the Editor- in-Chief of The Sensors Communication for Urban Intelligence CRC P ress-Taylor& Francis Book Series, and the E ditor- in-Chief of The Distributed Sensing and Intelligent Systems CRC Press-Taylor& Francis Book Series. He was granted several awards by diverse funding bodies such as the Young Researcher Award in Artificial Intelligence from the Federation of Arab Scientific Research Councils in 2019, Obada International Prize for young distinguished sci- entists 2020, the Egypt State Encouragement Award in 2018, the best Ph.D. thesis in Mansoura University in 2015, the SRGE best young researcher award in 2017, and the membership of The Egyptian Young Academy of Science ( EYAS) in 2019. Besides, he is a TPC Member or Reviewer in 50+ international conferences and workshops. He has also been reviewing papers for 80+ international journals including IEEE Communications Magazine, IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, IEEE Sensors Letters, IEEE Communication Letters, Elsevier Computer Communications, Computer Networks, Sustainable Cities and Society, Wireless Personal Communications, and Expert Systems with Applications. Dr. Elhoseny has been invited as a guest in many media programs to comment on technologies and related issues. Contributors Hadi Arabi Himanshu Department of Architecture Department of Computer Science and Engineering Engineering Pars University of Architecture and Art Ambedkar Institute of Advanced Tehran, Iran Communication Technologies and Research J. Arora New Delhi, India IT Department Maharaja Surajmal Institute of Vanita Jain Technology Department of Information Technology New Delhi, India Bharati Vidyapeeth’s College of Engineering Somayeh Asadi New Delhi, India Department of Architectural Engineering Vibhuti Jain Pennsylvania State University Department of Computer Science State College, Pennsylvania Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University Sapna Dewari New Delhi, India Computer Science and Engineering Department Jagannath Jayanti Chandigarh University Department of Computer Science Punjab, India Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University Anjali Donkal New Delhi, India MCA Department National Institute of Technology Manju Khari Kurukshetra, India School of Computer and System Sciences Gita Donkal Jawaharlal Nehru University CSE Department New Delhi, India Chandigarh University Punjab, India Mridul Khurana Department of Information Meenu Gupta Technology Computer Science and Engineering Bharati Vidyapeeth’s College of Department Engineering Chandigarh University New Delhi, India Punjab, India ix