Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology Advances in Internal Medicine 4 Md. Shahidul Islam  Editor Diabetes: from research to clinical practice Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology Advances in Internal Medicine Volume 1307 EditorialBoard IrunR.Cohen,TheWeizmannInstituteofScience,Rehovot,Israel AbelLajtha,N.S.KlineInstituteforPsychiatricResearch,Orangeburg,NY,USA JohnD.Lambris,UniversityofPennsylvania,Philadelphia,PA,USA RodolfoPaoletti,UniversityofMilan,Milan,Italy NimaRezaei,TehranUniversityofMedicalSciences,Tehran,Iran SubseriesEditor Md.ShahidulIslam,KarolinskaInstitutet,Stockholm,Sweden,andUppsala UniversityHospital,Uppsala,Sweden Moreinformationaboutthisseriesathttp://www.springer.com/series/13780 Md. Shahidul Islam Editor Diabetes: from Research to Clinical Practice Volume 4 Editor Md.ShahidulIslam DepartmentofClinicalScienceandEducation KarolinskaInstitutet Stockholm,Sweden DepartmentofEmergencyCareandInternalMedicine UppsalaUniversityHospital,UppsalaUniversity Sweden ISSN0065-2598 ISSN2214-8019 (electronic) AdvancesinExperimentalMedicineandBiology ISSN2367-0177 ISSN2367-0185 (electronic) AdvancesinInternalMedicine ISBN978-3-030-51088-6 ISBN978-3-030-51089-3 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-51089-3 #SpringerNatureSwitzerlandAG2021 Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsarereservedbythePublisher,whetherthewholeor part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations,recitation,broadcasting,reproductiononmicrofilmsorinanyotherphysicalway, andtransmissionorinformationstorageandretrieval,electronicadaptation,computersoftware,or bysimilarordissimilarmethodologynowknownorhereafterdeveloped. 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ThisSpringerimprintispublishedbytheregisteredcompanySpringerNatureSwitzerlandAG Theregisteredcompanyaddressis:Gewerbestrasse11,6330Cham,Switzerland Dedicated to the living memory of Muhammad Ibrahim (c. 1911(cid:1)1989) Disclaimer Whileeveryefforthasbeenmadetoensurethatthecontentsofthebookare up to date and correct, the authors, editors and the publisher assume no responsibility for eventual mistakes in the book, or eventual damages that might occur to the patients because of their treatment according to the informationcontainedinthebook.Cliniciansareadvisedtofollowapproved local,nationalorinternationalguidelines,andusetheirprofessionaljudgment toensurecorrectandoptimaltreatmentoftheirpatients. vii Contents Diabetes:FromResearchtoClinicalPractice. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Md.ShahidulIslam GlucoseLoweringTreatmentModalitiesofType2Diabetes Mellitus. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 AsenaGökçayCanpolatandMustafaŞahin LatentAutoimmuneDiabetesinAdults:AReview ofClinicallyRelevantIssues. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 MartaHernándezandDídacMauricio Hypoglycaemia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 MuhammadMuneer Hypoglycemia,MalnutritionandBodyComposition. . . . . . . . . . . 71 I.Khanimov,M.Shimonov,J.Wainstein,andEyalLeibovitz AcuteMetabolicEmergenciesinDiabetes:DKA,HHS andEDKA. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 MuhammadMuneerandIjazAkbar TheRoleoftheMediterraneanDietaryPatternonMetabolic ControlofPatientswithDiabetesMellitus:ANarrative Review. . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . 115 JéssicaAbdoGonçalvesTosatti,MichelleTeodoroAlves, andKarinaBragaGomes GlycaemicControlandVascularComplicationsinDiabetes MellitusType2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129 FrancescoMaranta,LorenzoCianfanelli,andDomenicoCianflone DiabetesMellitusandAcuteMyocardialInfarction: ImpactonShortandLong-TermMortality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153 ValentinaMilazzo,NicolaCosentino,StefanoGenovese, JenessCampodonico,MarioMazza,MonicaDeMetrio, andGiancarloMarenzi EffectsofGLP-1andItsAnalogsonGastricPhysiology inDiabetesMellitusandObesity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171 DanielB.MaselliandMichaelCamilleri ix x Contents GLP-1ReceptorAgonistsandSGLT2Inhibitors fortheTreatmentofType2Diabetes:NewInsights andOpportunitiesforCardiovascularProtection. . . . . . . . . . . . . 193 LauraBertocciniandMarcoGiorgioBaroni GlucoseLoweringEfficacyandPleiotropicEffects ofSodium-GlucoseCotransporter2Inhibitors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213 MohammadShafiKuchay,KhalidJamalFarooqui, SunilKumarMishra,andAmbrishMithal GestationalDiabetesMellitusScreeningandDiagnosis. . . . . . . . . 231 U.YaseminSertandA.SevalOzgu-Erdinc ManagementofGestationalDiabetesMellitus. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257 Z.AsliOskovi-KaplanandA.SevalOzgu-Erdinc FromEntero-EndocrineCellBiologytoSurgicalInterventional TherapiesforType2Diabetes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273 MartaGuimarães,SofiaS.Pereira,andMarianaP.Monteiro LaparoscopicVerticalSleeveGastrectomyasaTreatment OptionforAdultswithDiabetesMellitus. . .. . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . 299 TimothyR.KochandTimothyR.Shope SurgicalTreatmentofType2DiabetesMellitusinYouth. . . . . . . 321 AnnaZennoandEvanP.Nadler InsulinRecommenderSystemsforT1DM:AReview. . . . . . . . . . 331 JoaquimMassana,FerranTorrent-Fontbona,andBeatrizLópez AlgorithmsforDiagnosisofDiabeticRetinopathyandDiabetic MaculaEdema-AReview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 357 KarkuzhaliSuriyasekeran,SenthilkumarSanthanamahalingam, andManimegalaiDuraisamy DiabeticMacularEdema:StateofArtandIntraocular PharmacologicalApproaches. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 375 AnnalisaGurreriandAlbertoPazzaglia NewConceptsintheManagementofCharcotNeuroarthropathy inDiabetes. . . . . .. . . . . .. . . . . .. . . . .. . . . . .. . . . . .. . . . .. . . 391 KarakkattuVijayanKavitha,VrishaliSwanandPatil, CaraniBalarmanSanjeevi,andAmbikaGopalakrishnan Unnikrishnan Non-alcoholicFattyLiverDiseaseandDiabetesMellitus. . . . . . . . 417 GebranKhneizer,SyedRizvi,andSamerGawrieh GlobalExperienceofDiabetesRegistries:ASystematic Review. . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . 441 RoyaNaemiandLeilaShahmoradi DiabetesandGenetics:ARelationshipBetweenGeneticRisk Alleles,ClinicalPhenotypesandTherapeuticApproaches. . . . . . . 457 ShomoitaSayedandA.H.M.NurunNabi Contents xi DietarySCFAsImmunotherapy:ReshapingtheGut MicrobiotainDiabetes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 499 YuAnneYapandElianaMariño AnimalModelsandRenalBiomarkersofDiabetic Nephropathy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 521 LauraPérez-López,MauroBoronat,CarlosMelián, YerayBrito-Casillas,andAnaM.Wägner InVivoandInVitroModelsofDiabetes:AFocus onPregnancy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 553 JoaquínLilao-Garzón,CarmenValverde-Tercedor, SilviaMuñoz-Descalzo,YerayBrito-Casillas,andAnaM.Wägner Correctionto:Hypoglycemia,MalnutritionandBody Composition. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 577 I.Khanimov,M.Shimonov,J.Wainstein,andEyalLeibovitz Index. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 579