Subject Index do Atheros: hy) mi ATP, cov cyl ch ATP-sen phos} panc! ( A -receptor complex, complex modulated by transport in contracting slow-twitch Acetyl-CoA carboxylase, effect of exercise, diabetic milieu in mesangium by induction muscles, 1281 ATP’, diminishing effect on activity of, in human or upregulation of galectin-3 expression, Amylin, reduced response to arginine, in HNF- medi muscle, 1295 1249 4a/MODY1, 961 Activating transcription factor-2, as positive Age, leptin resistance and, 431 Anaplerosis, glucose-regulated, in pancreatic B- regulator in CaM kinase IV-induced human Agouti-related peptide, hypothalamic localization cells, implication of pyruvate/citrate shuttle role i insulin gene expression, 1142 of the feeding effect of, and a-melanocyte- in insulin secretion in, 718 Acyl-CoA, stimulating hormone, 177 Angiotensin I! type 1 receptor (AGT,R), gene as inhibitor of hexokinase in rat and human Aktl and Akt2 isoforms, regulation of, in insulin polymorphism of, and response to Augme! skeletal muscle, 1761 target tissues of obese insulin-resistant hyperglycemia, in early type 1 diabetes, m as potential mechanism of lipid-induced insulin Zucker rats, 847 implication of nephropathy, 1585 re resistance, 1761 Albumin, Anhepatic phase, of liver transplantation, renal di Adenine nucleotides, nucleotide-binding fold-2 excretion rate, glucose production as compensation for Autoan mutation as factor in impairment of abnormal, course of renal function in type 2 liver during, 450 is cooperative binding of, to sulfonylurea diabetics with, 476 Animals, normal, role of troglitazone in enhancing Autoim receptor | in Japanese diabetics, 114 sufficiency of, as early predictor of risk of adipocyte and reducing liver insulin cont Adenosine, role of, in insulin-stimulated release of nephropathy, 1399 sensitivity in, 2087 leptin from adipose tissue, 20 normal urinary excretion of, nitric’oxide Anti-CD154 (CD40L), role of, in prevention of Adipocyte fatty acid binding protein knockout synthesis and isoprostane production in recurrence of diabetes in islet isografts of neor mice, adipocyte metabolism in, after short- subjects with type 1 diabetes and, 857 DR-BB rats, 1666 sup] term high-fat feeding, 904 renal metabolism of, in type 1 diabetes, Antibodies, anti-modified LDL, susceptibility of Adipocyte metabolism, in adipocyte fatty acid nephropathy in degradation process in LDL to in vitro oxidation and, in type 2 binding protein knockout mice after short- proportion to level of albuminuria, 1579 diabetes, 1033 type term high-fat feeding, 904 Albuminuria, Antioxidant(s), Adipocyte(s), nephropathy in degradation process in and COMT inhibitor treatment, reversal of Autoin enhancement of, by troglitazone, in normal proportion to level of, as indicated in renal renal abnormalities in rats, effect of p animals, 2087 metabolism of albumin in type 1 diabetes, nitecapone, 1381 a . rat, role of melanin-concentrating hormone in 1579 enzyme production, defective intracellular, in Autore regulating leptin synthesis and secretion prevention oi, by aminoguanidine or ramipril in type | diabetics with nephropathy, 2170 c in, 1073 streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats, enzymes, protection of insulin-producing f 3T3-L1, association with normalization of RINMSF cells against cytokine-mediated Autore inhibition of insulin-stimulated glucose glomerular protein kinase C, 87 toxicity through overexpression of i transport in, role of AICAR in type 1 diabetes and, association of PC-1 amino Apolipoprotein ( activation of AMPK in, 1649 acid variant (K121Q) with progression of E gene (APOE), association between insulin resistance in, inhibition of glucose renal disease in, 521 polymorphisms in, and diabetic EssaPatCi A RD B transport by dexamethasone, decrease Allograft outcome, modulation of humoral islet nephropathy in type | diabetics, 2190 Bacul in GLUT1, GLUT4 unaffected, 1700 autoimmunity by pancreas (All), association of haploinsufficiency with, ( lack of involvement of p38 mitogen- allotransplantation, as influence on, in type 832 Beaco activated protein kinase in glucose 1 diabetics, 219 (CIIL), association of haploinsufficiency with, B-b! transport in, 1783 a-cells, glucagon-secreting, in mice, 832 role of constitutively active MAPK kinase in electrophysical characteristics of exocytosis Apoptosis, creelclr usiutrifnagc eG LiUn,T !3 32 and GLUT4 at the a-melainn,o c1y5t0e0- stimulating hormone, hypothalamic activoant ioNnO-Sd-e2p enedxepnrte,s siionnh ibiint orInys -1e ffceecltl s oafn dI GFo n PibseRee2 ane t sdae as! Adipose tissue, human, localization of the feeding effect of agouti- protection against, 209 association of plasminogen activator inhibitor related peptide and, 177 control of, in differentiating pancreatic B-cells, 1, transforming growth factor B,, and BMI a6B1 integrin, role of, in cell-matrix interaction in preferential activation by interleukin-1 of in, during morbid obesity, 1374 rat islet B-cell secretion in vitro, 233 the JNK pathway, 1468 glycerol release, skeletal muscle glycerol American Diabetes Association, status of cytokine-induced, lack of role of interleukin-1{- baR‘TiPknE, O R release and, rates of, compared in research funded by, 1394 induced alteration in B-cell phenotype in es) nonobese and obese subjects, 797 Amino acid reducing cellular sensitivity to, 340 impaired in vivo stimulation of lipolysis in, by metabolism, protein metabolism and, effect of induced in adipocytes by CLA, resulting in selective B.-adrenergic agonist in obese hypoglycemia on, in healthy humans, 1543 lipodystrophy in mice, 1534 cdarnki te adolescent girls, 2149 substitutions at Arg1174, naturally occurring in presumed, reduced arcuate nucleus relationship of secretion of tumor necrosis human insulin receptor, effects of, on neuropeptide Y and pro-opiomelanocortin factor-a to insulin-stimulated glucose receptor biosynthesis and hybrid mRNA and, in non-coma hypoglycemia fur transport in, 688 formation, lead to discordant clinical 820 roie of adenosine in insulin-stimulated release phenotypes, 1264 proliferation of B-cells and, in human pancreas, of leptin from, 20 Aminoguanidine, prevention of albuminuria by, in and hyperinsulinism of infancy, 1325 role of thiazolidinediones in inhibiting streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats, Arcuate nucleus neuropeptide Y, reduced, , expression of 8.-adrenergic receptors at association with normalization of presumed apoptosis and pro- transcriptional level in, 2108 glomerular protein kinase C, 87 opiomelanocortin mRNA and, in non-coma glu Adiposity, visceral, causes and consequences of, AMP.activated protein kinase, hypoglycemia 820 883 activation of glucose transport by, via Arg1174, in human insulin receptor, naturally Advanced glycation end product (AGE), stimulation of nitric oxide synthase, 1978 occurring amino acid substitutions at, role in mediating ET-1 induction, as controiled as unifying coupling mechanism for insulin- effects of, on receptor biosynthesis and hu by NF-«B, in endothelial cells, 1561 independent glucose transport in skeletal hybrid formation, lead to discordant clinical glycolaldehyde as reactive intermediate for, muscle under metabolic stress, 5 phenotypes, 1264 1714 dissociation of activation of, and glucose Arginine, reduced amylin response to, in HNF- ; hy Subject Index do Atheros: hy) mi ATP, cov cyl ch ATP-sen phos} panc! ( A -receptor complex, complex modulated by transport in contracting slow-twitch Acetyl-CoA carboxylase, effect of exercise, diabetic milieu in mesangium by induction muscles, 1281 ATP’, diminishing effect on activity of, in human or upregulation of galectin-3 expression, Amylin, reduced response to arginine, in HNF- medi muscle, 1295 1249 4a/MODY1, 961 Activating transcription factor-2, as positive Age, leptin resistance and, 431 Anaplerosis, glucose-regulated, in pancreatic B- regulator in CaM kinase IV-induced human Agouti-related peptide, hypothalamic localization cells, implication of pyruvate/citrate shuttle role i insulin gene expression, 1142 of the feeding effect of, and a-melanocyte- in insulin secretion in, 718 Acyl-CoA, stimulating hormone, 177 Angiotensin I! type 1 receptor (AGT,R), gene as inhibitor of hexokinase in rat and human Aktl and Akt2 isoforms, regulation of, in insulin polymorphism of, and response to Augme! skeletal muscle, 1761 target tissues of obese insulin-resistant hyperglycemia, in early type 1 diabetes, m as potential mechanism of lipid-induced insulin Zucker rats, 847 implication of nephropathy, 1585 re resistance, 1761 Albumin, Anhepatic phase, of liver transplantation, renal di Adenine nucleotides, nucleotide-binding fold-2 excretion rate, glucose production as compensation for Autoan mutation as factor in impairment of abnormal, course of renal function in type 2 liver during, 450 is cooperative binding of, to sulfonylurea diabetics with, 476 Animals, normal, role of troglitazone in enhancing Autoim receptor | in Japanese diabetics, 114 sufficiency of, as early predictor of risk of adipocyte and reducing liver insulin cont Adenosine, role of, in insulin-stimulated release of nephropathy, 1399 sensitivity in, 2087 leptin from adipose tissue, 20 normal urinary excretion of, nitric’oxide Anti-CD154 (CD40L), role of, in prevention of Adipocyte fatty acid binding protein knockout synthesis and isoprostane production in recurrence of diabetes in islet isografts of neor mice, adipocyte metabolism in, after short- subjects with type 1 diabetes and, 857 DR-BB rats, 1666 sup] term high-fat feeding, 904 renal metabolism of, in type 1 diabetes, Antibodies, anti-modified LDL, susceptibility of Adipocyte metabolism, in adipocyte fatty acid nephropathy in degradation process in LDL to in vitro oxidation and, in type 2 binding protein knockout mice after short- proportion to level of albuminuria, 1579 diabetes, 1033 type term high-fat feeding, 904 Albuminuria, Antioxidant(s), Adipocyte(s), nephropathy in degradation process in and COMT inhibitor treatment, reversal of Autoin enhancement of, by troglitazone, in normal proportion to level of, as indicated in renal renal abnormalities in rats, effect of p animals, 2087 metabolism of albumin in type 1 diabetes, nitecapone, 1381 a . rat, role of melanin-concentrating hormone in 1579 enzyme production, defective intracellular, in Autore regulating leptin synthesis and secretion prevention oi, by aminoguanidine or ramipril in type | diabetics with nephropathy, 2170 c in, 1073 streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats, enzymes, protection of insulin-producing f 3T3-L1, association with normalization of RINMSF cells against cytokine-mediated Autore inhibition of insulin-stimulated glucose glomerular protein kinase C, 87 toxicity through overexpression of i transport in, role of AICAR in type 1 diabetes and, association of PC-1 amino Apolipoprotein ( activation of AMPK in, 1649 acid variant (K121Q) with progression of E gene (APOE), association between insulin resistance in, inhibition of glucose renal disease in, 521 polymorphisms in, and diabetic EssaPatCi A RD B transport by dexamethasone, decrease Allograft outcome, modulation of humoral islet nephropathy in type | diabetics, 2190 Bacul in GLUT1, GLUT4 unaffected, 1700 autoimmunity by pancreas (All), association of haploinsufficiency with, ( lack of involvement of p38 mitogen- allotransplantation, as influence on, in type 832 Beaco activated protein kinase in glucose 1 diabetics, 219 (CIIL), association of haploinsufficiency with, B-b! transport in, 1783 a-cells, glucagon-secreting, in mice, 832 role of constitutively active MAPK kinase in electrophysical characteristics of exocytosis Apoptosis, creelclr usiutrifnagc eG LiUn,T !3 32 and GLUT4 at the a-melainn,o c1y5t0e0- stimulating hormone, hypothalamic activoant ioNnO-Sd-e2p enedxepnrte,s siionnh ibiint orInys -1e ffceecltl s oafn dI GFo n PibseRee2 ane t sdae as! Adipose tissue, human, localization of the feeding effect of agouti- protection against, 209 association of plasminogen activator inhibitor related peptide and, 177 control of, in differentiating pancreatic B-cells, 1, transforming growth factor B,, and BMI a6B1 integrin, role of, in cell-matrix interaction in preferential activation by interleukin-1 of in, during morbid obesity, 1374 rat islet B-cell secretion in vitro, 233 the JNK pathway, 1468 glycerol release, skeletal muscle glycerol American Diabetes Association, status of cytokine-induced, lack of role of interleukin-1{- baR‘TiPknE, O R release and, rates of, compared in research funded by, 1394 induced alteration in B-cell phenotype in es) nonobese and obese subjects, 797 Amino acid reducing cellular sensitivity to, 340 impaired in vivo stimulation of lipolysis in, by metabolism, protein metabolism and, effect of induced in adipocytes by CLA, resulting in selective B.-adrenergic agonist in obese hypoglycemia on, in healthy humans, 1543 lipodystrophy in mice, 1534 cdarnki te adolescent girls, 2149 substitutions at Arg1174, naturally occurring in presumed, reduced arcuate nucleus relationship of secretion of tumor necrosis human insulin receptor, effects of, on neuropeptide Y and pro-opiomelanocortin factor-a to insulin-stimulated glucose receptor biosynthesis and hybrid mRNA and, in non-coma hypoglycemia fur transport in, 688 formation, lead to discordant clinical 820 roie of adenosine in insulin-stimulated release phenotypes, 1264 proliferation of B-cells and, in human pancreas, of leptin from, 20 Aminoguanidine, prevention of albuminuria by, in and hyperinsulinism of infancy, 1325 role of thiazolidinediones in inhibiting streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats, Arcuate nucleus neuropeptide Y, reduced, , expression of 8.-adrenergic receptors at association with normalization of presumed apoptosis and pro- transcriptional level in, 2108 glomerular protein kinase C, 87 opiomelanocortin mRNA and, in non-coma glu Adiposity, visceral, causes and consequences of, AMP.activated protein kinase, hypoglycemia 820 883 activation of glucose transport by, via Arg1174, in human insulin receptor, naturally Advanced glycation end product (AGE), stimulation of nitric oxide synthase, 1978 occurring amino acid substitutions at, role in mediating ET-1 induction, as controiled as unifying coupling mechanism for insulin- effects of, on receptor biosynthesis and hu by NF-«B, in endothelial cells, 1561 independent glucose transport in skeletal hybrid formation, lead to discordant clinical glycolaldehyde as reactive intermediate for, muscle under metabolic stress, 5 phenotypes, 1264 1714 dissociation of activation of, and glucose Arginine, reduced amylin response to, in HNF- ; hy AEE RE ee ee A ee es IN ta/MODY 1, $61 receptor substrate 2, 1880 activator inhibitor 1 and, association of, in Atherosclerosis, effect of hyperglycemia and malfunction, failure of physiological plasma human adipose tissue in obesity, 1374 hyperlipidemia on, in LDL receptor-deficient glucose excursions in, and high-frequency 30dy weight, B-cell mass and, correlation mice, 1064 pulsatile insulin secretion, 1334 between, role of B-cell hyperplasia and ATP, cooperative role of PIP, and, in preventing mass, body weight and, correlation between, hypertrophy, in lifespan of rats, 1341 cytosolic Ca~*-induced modification of K* role of B-cell hyperplasia and hypertrophy, Bogalusa Heart Study, 1042 channels in rat pancreatic B-cells, 1830 in lifespan of rats, 1341 30tnia Study, 975 ATP-sensitive potassium channels, mitochondrial metabolism and insulin Bradykinin response, role of insulin in enhancing phosphatidylinositol 4,5-biphosphate and, 1409 secretion, effect of acute overexpression in L8 rat skeletal myoblasts, 190 pancreatic B-cell, ATP” mediation of closure of lactate dehydrogenase-A on, 1149 Brain, rat, localization of glucokinase gene of, by interaction with | of 4 identical neogenesis of, role of recombinant human expression in, 693 sites, 1413 betacellulin in promoting, in mice with Brain insulin transport, reduced, as associated ATP*, diabetes induced by selective alloxan with high-fat diet induced obesity in dogs mediation of closure of pancreatic B-cell ATP- perfusion, 2021 15: sensitive potassium channels by, of transgenic mice. hexasamine flux in, Brain responses, differential, to satiation in obese interaction with | of 4 identical sites, 1413 presence of hyperinsulinemia and and lean men, 838 role in mediating closure of pancreatic B-cell peripheral insulin resistance, 1492 c-Jun Amino-terminal kinase pathway (JNK ATP-sensitive potassium channels by pancreatic, preferential activation of, by interleukin-] interaction with 1 of 4 identical sites, 1413 effect of metformin on, 73: for control of apoptosis in differentiating Augmented extracellular matrix component hedgehog signaling regulation of insulin pancreatic B-cells, 1468 mRNA expression, role of endothelin production by, 2039 Cc receptor blockade in preventing, in retina of oscillatory single cell O., consumption in diabetic and galactose-fed rats, 662 1511 C-peptide kinetics, separate assessment of, lack Autoantigen, SOX13 as, expressed in pancreatic pancreatic, rat, cooperative role of PIP., and of requirement of in accurate measurement islets in type 1 diabetes, 555 ATP in preventing cytosolic Ca of endogenous insulin secretion, 373 Autoimmune diabetes, induced modification of K’, channels Ca~’, oscillatory single cell O., consumption in contribution of major histocompatibility in, 1830 pancreatic B-cells, 1511 complex genes of NOD-progenitor CTS/Shi protein kinase A, protein kinase C, and CA], abnormalities, glucose-induced, in human mouse to development of, 131 myosin light-chain kinase in secretory pancreatic islets, role of overstimulation iz neonatal B-cell apoptosis as trigger of, | cascade of, 945 1840 suppression and acceleration of, by phenotype, interleukin-1B-induced alteration in Calcium responses, intracellular, differential neutralization of endogenous interleukin- lack of role of patterns of, in single mouse and rat 12 in NOD mice, 1998 in reducing cellular sensitivity to cytokine- pancreatic islets, 2028 type 1, in NOD mice, role of interferon-y induced apoptosis, 340 Calcium-sensing receptor, B-cell function and, 409 receptor signaling in development of, 2007 in reducing cellular sensitivity to necrosis- CaM kinase IV-induced human insulin gene Autoimmunity, humoral islet, modulation of, by causing conditions, 340 expression, activating transcription factor-2 pancreas allotransplantation, as influence on proliferation of, and apoptosis in human as positive regulator in, 11 allograft outcome in type | diabetics, 219 pancreas, and hyperinsulinism of infancy, Capillary basement membrane, role of endothelit Autoreactive cytotoxic T-lymphocytes, role of 1325 receptor blockade in preventing thickening iaciie cytokines and perforin in death of B-cells rat pancreatic, cooperative role of PIP, and of, in retina of diabetic and galactose-fed from, 1801 ATP in preventing cytosolic Ca~*-induced rats, 662 ) Autoreactive T-cells, preexisting, in pancreatic modification of K* ..p channels in, 1830 Capillary recruitment, possible, in interaction islets, role of, in acceleration of type 1 B-cells, repression of insulin gene transcription between insulin sensitivity and muscle diabetes by coxsackievirus infection, 703 in, expression of glucagon-stimulated perfusion on glucose uptake in hum ICER in type 2 diabetes, 1681 skeletal muscle. 768 aNis aOnpD Se lt B response, longitudinal compensation for fat- Cardiovascular mortality, association of increased Baculovirus, gene transfer into pancreatic islet induced insulin resistance includes, 2116 levels of soluble vascular cell adhesion cells mediated by, 1986 role of Cx36 in connecting pancreatic islets molecule | with risk of, in type 2 diabetes Beacon, energy balance and, 1766 with, 727 {85 B-biockade, role of, in diminishing stress- role of cytokines in death of, from autoreactive Cardiovascular risk variables of Syndrome X, age induced hyperglycemia in diabetic dogs, cytotoxic T-lymphocytes, 1801 related patterns of clustering of, 1042 253 role of perforin in death of, from autoreactive Carotid bodies, role of, in glucoregulation, and B-cell(s) cytotoxic T-lymphocytes, 1801 insulin-induced hypoglycemia, in dogs, 1434 ADt“P1 reaiianerRa s: apoptosis, neonatal, as trigger for autoimmune secretion, rat islet, in vitro, role of a681 CART gene, mutational analysis and population diabetes, 1 integrin in cell-matrix interaction in, 233 genetics of, in human obesity, 872 autoimmunity, enterovirus infection as risk transcription factors, diabetes and, 302, 1955 Catalase, increased levels of mRNA of, in factor for, 1314 B.-adrenergic agonist, selective, impaired in embryos of diabetic rats from a cloning of T-type Ca~* channel isoform in, 59 vivo stimulation of lipolysis by, in adipose malformation-resistant strain, 101 control of apoptosis in differentiating tissue in obese adolescent girls, 2149 Cataplerosis, glucose-regulated, in pancreatic B-cells pancreatic, preferential activation by B.-adrenergic receptors, role of implication of pyruvate/citrate shuttle in interleukin-1 of the JNK pathway, 1468 thiazolidinediones in inhibiting expression insulin secretion in, 718 dysfunction, BIRKO-MIRKO mouse model to of, at transcriptional level in adipose Catechol-O-methyl transferase, and antioxidant explore interaction between muscle tissue, 2108 treatment, reversal of renal abnormalities in aieOi‘ ao erk Ret ,T insulin resistance and, in development of B.-adrenoceptor gene, Trp64Arg variant, rats, effect of nitecapone, 1351 44 type 2 diabetes, 2126 impairment of visceral fat loss, in older Caucasians, Danish, K121Q variant of human PC-1 X function, obese women, 1709 gene not associated with insulin resistance calcium-sensing receptor and, 409 BIRKO-MIRKO mouse, model to explore or type 2 diabetes in, 1608 role of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate in interaction between muscle insulin CD30 gene, in TNFR, characteristics of, and NOD enhanced glucose-induced insulin resistance and B-cell dysfunction in mouse type | diabetes locus /dd9.2, 1612 secretion and altered gene expression development of type 2 diabetes, 2126 Cd36, molecular mechanisms of insulin in rodent pancreatic, 2012 Birth weight, low, resistance and, in hypertensive rats, 2222 glucokinase deficiency, hyperglycemia and, association with susceptibility to type 2 CD4O0L, as anti-CD1i44, role of, in prevention of association with reduced islet amyloid diabetes and, 82 recurrence of diabetes in islet isografts of deposition in a mouse model of type 2 type 2 diabetes and, role of paternal DR-BB rats, 1666 diabetes, 2056 inheritance in, 445 Cell lines, selection of cytokine-resistant INS-1 human, role of extracellular calcium-sensing Blood flow, effects of DL-c-lipoic acid on, in 562 receptor on, in modulating insulin experimental diabetic neuropathy, 1006 Cell-matrix interaction, role of «681 integrin in, in secretion, 409 Blood-brain barrier, in rats, obesity associated rat islet B-cell secretion in vitro, 233 hyperplasia, lack of compensatory, role of, in with decreased leptin transport across, 1219 Cellubrevin, overexpression of, in skeletal muscle cause of type 2 diabetes by insulin BMI, transforming growth factor-f,, plasminogen of Zucker diabetic fatty rats, rosiglitazone SUBJECT INDEX treatment to correct, 618 Counterregulatory response, to exercise, suppression and acceleration of, by p— ellular immune response, in children with type | subsequent, effects of antecedent neutralization of endogenous diabetes, T-cell responses to enterovirus hypoglycemia on, 73 interleukin-12 in NOD mice, 1998 antigens in, 1308 Cow’s milk B-cell transcription factors and, 302, 1955 ‘entral nervous system, reduced brain insulin consumption of, HLA-DQB1 genotype, type 1 encephalomyocarditis virus-induced, re transport, as associated with high-fat diet diabetes and, in siblings of children with prevention of, induced obesity in dogs, 1525 diabetes, 912 use of rBCG vaccine in mice, 1459 ‘erebral cortex, GLUT expression in, in maternal type | diabetes and, effect of, on by live recombinant Mycobacterium bovis reun diabetes, 1016 cellular and humoral immunization to bacillus Calmette-Guérin (rBCG), in erulenin, insulin secretion and, in rat pancreatic dietary insulin in infants at genetic risk of mice, 1459 islets, 712 type | diabetes, 1657 GLUT1 expression in retina and cerebral ‘hemically generated nitric oxide, effect of, on Coxsackievirus infection, acceleration of type | cortex in, 1016 Diet, hi expression of proteins detected by diabetes by, role of preexisting ayitoreactive in Goto-Kakizaki rat, accompanied by impaired a electrophoresis in neonatal rat islets, 1819 T-cells in pancreatic islets in, 703 insulin-mediated myosin-bound d ‘hildren, CTLA4/IDDM12 loci, orthologous human, overlap phosphatase activation and vascular Diet-in at risk for type 1 diabetes, rotavirus infection with role of mouse NOD JDD5 locus in smooth muscle cell relaxation, 2178 le and pancreatic islet autoimmunity in, 1319 control of insulitis and diabetes, 1744 induced by selective alloxan perfusion, role of p enterovirus infection in, as risk factor for B-cell Cx36, role of, in connecting B-cells with recombinant human betacellulin in Dietary autoimmunity, 1314 pancreatic islets, 727 promoting neogenesis of B-cells and in obese adolescent girls, impaired in vivo Cytokeratin-19 positive cells, adult human, role ameliorating glucose intolerance in mice stimulation of lipolysis in adipose tissue of, in reexpression of insulin promoter with, 2021 by selective 8.-adrenergic agonist in, 2149 factor-1, in pancreatic ductal structures, NeuroD/BETA2 gene variability and, 876 Dietar with diabetes, siblings of, cow’s milk 1671 prevention of recurrence of, in islet isografts of I consumption, HLA-DQB1 genotype, and Cytokine(s), DR-BB rats, role of anti-CD154 (CD40L) in ) type | diabetes, 912 altered, and nitric oxide secretion, in 1666 DL-a-li with glutamate dehydrogenase, 667 microphages of db/db mice, release of risk of type 2 diabetes and obesity associated with type | diabetes, genetic markers and TNF-a, IL-18 and VEGF, type 2 diabetes, with intrauterine exposure to, 2208 humoral autoimmunity as predictors of in 1451 streptozotocin-induced, in rats, siblings of, 48 -induced use of normalization of glomerular protein ‘hromosome(s) apoptosis, lack of role of interleukin-1B- kinase C, to prevent albuminuria by 20q13.1-q13.2, as susceptibility locus for type 2 induced alteration in B-cell phenotype in aminoguanidine or ramipril in, 87 diabetes, 2212 reducing tellular sensitivity to, 340 early glomerular macrophage recruitment 2q33, genetic and physical mapping of JDDM12 B-cell apoptosis, in mice lacking iNOS” islets, in, 466 to 100-kb phagemid artificial chromosome 1116 insulin treatment and, effects of, on clone containing D2S72-CTLA4-D2S105 murine B-cell damage, role of nitric oxide hypothalamic melanocortin system on, 492 production and Fas surface expression in and muscle uncoupling protein 3 3p, in Mexican Americans, concentrations of mediating, 39 expression in rats, 244 serum insulin linked to, 513 nitric oxide synthase expression, inducible, transient neonatal 4, in NZO and SJL mice, QTL on, relation to heat shock-dependent and -independent aberrations of chromosome 6 in, 1359 obesity and susceptibility to inhibition of, 346 etiopathogenesis of, 1359 DR-B hyperglycemia resembling type 2 diabetes, nitric oxide, effect of, on expression of refinement of 6q chromosomal region 1590 proteins detected by electrophoresis in related to, 108 6q27, physical and genetic mapping of JDDMS8 neonatal rat islets, 1819 Diabetes-associated autoantigen LA-2, regulation Dunn on, 508 Cytokine-mediated toxicity, protection of insulin of, in INS-1 pancreatic 8-cells, 1137 ‘iliary neurotrophic factor, producing RINMS5F cells against, through Diabetes-associated mutations, lack of reversing effect of, on starvation- overexpression of antioxidant enzymes, lack of evidence for, in hepatocyte nuclear E induced changes in serum corticosterone 1123 factor-3B gene (HNF3B), in Japanese Elde! and hypothalamic neuropeptide levels, Cytokine production, aberrant macrophage, role patients with maturity-onset diabetes of 1890 of, in development of type 1 diabetes in the young, 302 Elec! role of, in inducing expression of hypothalamic young NOD mice, 1106 lack of, in gene encoding basic helix-loop-helix inhibitors of leptin signaling, 1890 Cytokines, role of, in death of B-cells from transcription factor neurogenic ‘linical phenotypes, discordant, naturally autoreactive cytotoxic T-lymphocytes, 1801 differentiation 4 (NEUROD4) in Japanese Elec occurring amino acid substitutions at Cytotoxicity, MODY patients, 1955 Arg1174 in human insulin receptor result in interleukin-1B-induced, selection of insulinoma Diabetic differential effects on receptor biosynthesis cell lines with resistance to, 562 gastroparesis, remodeling of networks of ICC, and hybrid formation and lead to, 1264 y-interferon-induced, selection of insulinoma in murine mode? of, 1731 Elec ‘onjugated linoleic acid (CLA) supplementation, cell lines with resistance to, 562 glomeruli, macrophages in, 466 role of, in reducing adipose tissue by and in milieu, as modulator of advanced glycation end Emt developing lipodystrophy in mice, 1534 D product-receptor complex in mesangium ‘onstitutive secretory pathway, as major route Danes, by inducing or upregulating galectin-3 Emt for LAPP secretion, in neonatal rat islet A45 allele of NeuwroD/BETA2 as susceptibility expression, 1249 cells, 1477 marker for type 1 diabetes among, 876 nephropathy, ‘ontraction, in rat skeletal muscle, activation of lack of association of NewroD/BETA2 gene defective intracellular antioxidant enzyme Enc p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase a and variability with type 2 diabetes among, 876 production in type 1 diabetics with, B by, 1794 Danish Caucasians, K121Q variant of human PC-1 2170 ontraction-responsive GLUT 4 vesicle gene not associated with insulin resistance early, nitric oxide and, 1258 populations, role of transferrin receptor in or type 2 diabetes in, 1608 in type | diabetics, association between End defining, in skeletal muscle, 183 Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, role of, in Apolipoprotein E gene (APOE) ‘OOH-terminal phosphorylation sites, role of, in enhanced glucose-induced insulin secretion polymorphisms and, 2190 mediating regulation of glycogen synthase and altered gene expression in rodent in type 2 diabetes, association of nitric Enc by insulin and glucose-6-phosphate, 1096 pancreatic B-cells, 2012 oxide synthase gene polymorphism ‘oronary artery disease, correlation of coronary Dexamethasone, inhibition of glucose transport with increased risk for progression to, En calcium with, in type 1 diabetic adults, more by, due to insulin resistance in 3T3-L1 500 prevalent in men than women, 1571 adipocytes, decrease in GLUT1, GLUT4 segregation analysis of, in Pima Indians, ‘oronary calcium, in type 1 diabetic adults, unaffected, 1700 1049 correlation to coronary artery disease Diabetes, neuropathy, En stronger in men than women, 1571 . autoimmune experimental, effects of DL-a-lipoic acid on ‘oronary heart disease, promoter polymorphism contribution of major histocompatibility peripheral nerve conduction, blood En T(-107)C of paraoxonase PON] gene as risk complex genes of NOD-progenitor flow, energy metabolism, and oxidative factor for, in type 2 diabetics, 1390 CTS/Shi mouse to development of, 131 stress in, 1006 En BJECT IND rats in mice with gene disruption of, 684 relatives of type 2 diabetics, 2135 from a malformation-resistant strain, Endothelin receptor biockade, role of, in glucose, impaired, insulin secretion and increased levels of mRNA of Mn-SOD preventing augmented extracellular matrix sensitivity in, 975 and catalase in embryos of, 101 component mRNA expression and capillary plasma insulin concentration, high, as predictor reversal of renal abnormalities in, basement membrane thickening in retina of of type 2 diabetes independent of insulin antioxidant and COMT inhibitor diabetic and galactose-fed rats, 662 resistance, 2094 treatment, effect of nitecapone, 1381 Endothelin-1, state, effect of IGF-I treatment on glucose and retinopathy, capillary occlusion in, relation of expression by glucose, induction of, role of protein metabolism in, 789 activity of glycosylating enzyme, core 2 protein kinase C activation in, 1239 Fat, human subcutaneous, induction of fatty acid GlicNAc(61,6) transferase, in mediation of induction, role of AGE, as translocase/CD36, peroxisome proliferator- polymorphous leukocytes, 1724 controlled by NF-«B, in endothelial cells, activated receptor-y2 leptin, uncoupling Diet, high-fat, increase in fat oxidation on, 1561 proteins 2 and 3, and tumor necrosis factor-a accompanied by increase in triglyceride- transcription, role of NF-«B in AGE-stimulated gene expression in, by lipid infusion, 319 derived fatty acid oxidation, 640 cultured endothelial cells in controlling, Fat cells, human, relationship of secretion of Diet-induced obesity, in mice, transient effects of 1561 tumor necrosis factor-a to insulin-stimulated long-term leptin supplementation in Endothelium, delayed insulin transport across, in glucose transport in, 688 prevention of, 1203 insulin-resistant JCR:LA-cp rats, 803 Fat mass, association of common promoter Dietary insulin, effect of cow’s milk and maternal Energy balance, beacon and, 1766 variant of leptin gene with changes in diabetes on cellular and humoral Energy metabolism effects of DL-a-lipoic acid on, relationship between serum leptin and, in immunization to, in infants at risk of type 1 in experimental diabetic neuropathy, 1006 obese girls, 2196 diabetes, 1657 Enterovirus antigens, T-cell responses to, in Fat oxidation, increase in, on high-fat diet Dietary restriction, effect of, on glucose children with type 1 diabetes, 1308 accompanied by increase in triglyceride- production and substrate utilization, in type Enterovirus infection in children, as risk factor derived fatty acid oxidation, 640 2 diabetes, 1691 for B-cell autoimmunity. 1314 Fat-induced insulin resistance, longitudinal DL-a-lipoic acid, effects of, on peripheral nerve Enzyme production, defective intracellular compensation for, includes reduced insulin conduction, blood flow, energy metabolism, antioxidant, in type | diabetics with clearance and enhanced £-cell response, and oxidative stress in experimental nephropathy, 2170 2116 diabetic neuropathy, 1006 Epitopes of GAD, maturation of humoral Fatty acid oxidation, and regulation of malonyl- Dogs, autoimmune response to, in preclinical CoA in human muscle, 1078 diabetic, role of 8-blockade in diminishing childhood type 1 diabetes, 202 Fatty acid translocase/CD36, induction of, in stress-induced hyperglycemia in, 253 Exercise, human subcutaneous fat by lipid infusion, obesity induced by high-fat diet associated with diminishing effect of, on activity of Acetyl-CoA 319 reduced brain insulin transport in, 1525 carboxylase, in human muscle, 1295 Fatty acid(s), role of carotid bodies in glucoregulation in, and effects of antecedent hypoglycemia on plasma derived, impaired oxidation of, in type 2 insulin-induced hypoglycemia, 1434 subsequent counterregulatory response to, diabetes during moderate-intensity DQ8, co-expression of, with HLA DR3, role in 73 exercise, 2102 development of spontaneous insulitis and insulin, and glucose uptake, in human skeletal plasma free, prolonged elevation of loss of GAD65 tolerance in transgenic mice, muscle, 1084 lack of role of, in impairing pancreatic B-cell 548 insulin signaling and insulin sensitivity in function in type 2 diabetics, 399 DR-BB rats, role of anti-CD154 (CD40L) in human skeletal muscle after, 325 role of, in impairing pancreatic B-cell prevention of recurrence of diabetes in islet moderate intensity, impaired oxidation of function in obese nondiabetics, 399 isografts of, 1666 plasma derived fatty acids in type 2 Fatty free acids, role of metformin in restoration Dunnigan-type familial partial lipodystrophy, sex- diabetes during, 2102 of insulin secretion altered by chronic determined expression of mutations in, 1958 training, influence of, on fiber type-specific exposure to, 735 expression of GLUT4 in human skeletal Fatty-acid, nonesterified, uptake by individual E muscle, 1092 tissues, using “H-(R)-2-bromopalmitate, in Elderly, with type 2 diabetes, islet cell TZO therapy and, role of, in normalizing insulin type 2 diabetic rats, 1427 autoimmunity in, 32 action in obese Zucker fatty rat, 2154 Feeding, short-term high-fat, adipocyte Electrical activity, glucose-induced, differential Exocytosis, metabolism in adipocyte fatty acid binding patterns of, in single mouse and rat from pancreatic B-cells, role of synaptotagmin protein knockout mice after, 904 pancreatic islets, 2028 Ill isoform in, 383 Fetal. growth, insulin effect during embryogenesis Electrophoresis, 2D gel, to detect alteration in in glucagon-secreting a-cells of mice, and determination of, 82 expression of proteins in neonatal rat islets electrophysical characteristics of, 1500 Fiber type-specific expression of GLUT, in caused by cytokine-induced or chemically Exogenous insulin, exposure to, role of, in human skeletal muscle, influence of generated nitric oxide, 1819 promoting IgG1 and T-helper 2-associated exercise training on, 1092 Electrophysical characteristics, of exocytosis in IgG4 responses to insulin, 918 Fibrates, troglitazone and, role of, in reversing glucagon-secreting a-cells of mice, 1500 Exons 11 and 12, of glutamate dehydrogenase lactation-induced downregulation of Embryogenesis, insulin effect during, and gene, predominance of mutations in, 667 uncoupling protein-3 gene, 1224 determination of fetal growth, 82 Extracellular calcium-sensing receptor, on human Fibronectin, mechanical stretch-induced, in Embryonic stem cells, use of insulin-secreting B-cells, role of, in modulating insulin human mesangial cells, and activation of cells derived from, to normalize glycemia in secretion, 409 p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, 655 streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice, 157 Extracellular signal-regulated kinases, in 15-deoxy-A “**-prostaglandin J,, troglitazone and, Encephalomyocarditis virus-induced diabetes, mesangial cells, role of native and modified anti-inflammatory actions of, 346 prevention of, by live recombinant LDL in activating, 2160 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), role of Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette- AICAR in activation of, and inhibition of Guérin (rBCG), in mice, 1459 F insulin-stimulated glucose transport in 3 T3- Endogenous glucose production, gluconeogenesis Familial maturity-onset diabetes of the young 4, L1 adipocytes, 1649 and, effects of free fatty acid on, in humans, impaired insulin secretion and increased 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside 701 insulin sensitivity in, 1856 (AICAR), role in activation of AMPK, and Endogenous insulin secretion, accurate Families, with type 2 diabetes, segregation inhibition of insulin-stimulated glucose measurement of, 373 analysis of urinary albumin excretion in, transport in 3R3-L1 adipocytes, 1649 Endogenous interleukin-12, in NOD mice, 1057 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide riboside, as suppression and acceleration of Fas surface expression, nitric oxide production imitator of insulin effects on expression of autoimmune diabetes by neutralization of, and, role in mediating cytokine-induced gluconeogenic genes PEPCK and glucose-6- 1998 murine B-cell damage, 39 phosphatase, 896 Endothelial cells, ET-1 induction in, role of AGE Fasting, Focal adhesion kinase, interaction of leukocyte in mediating, as controlled by NF-«B, 1561 comparison of ciliary neurotrophic factor and antigen-related tyrosine phosphatase with, Endothelial mechanisms, distinct, leptin as leptin in, 1890 role of tumor necrosis factor-a in induction inducer of direct vasodilation through, 293 gluconeogenesis, prandial glucose effectiveness of hepatic insulin resistance in obese Zucker Endothelial nitric oxide synthase, insulin resistance and, in insulin-resistant first-degree rats via, 810 SUBJECT INDEX Fos expression, glucoregulatory responses and, B.-adrenoceptor gene, Trp64Arg variant, relationship between serum leptin and fat role of repeated 2-deoxy-D-glucose-induced impairment of visceral fat loss, in older mass in, 2196 glucoprivation in attenuating, during obese women, 1709 Glargine, insulin, as basal insulin of choice in type subsequent glucoprivation, 1865 Cd36, molecular mechanisms of insulin 1 diabetics, combination of, with short 14577 T/C, mitochondrial DNA mutation at, as resistance and, in hypertensive rats, 222: acting insulin analogs in comparison with Glucor pathogenic mutation for maternally chromosome 20q13.1-q13.2, as susceptibility NPH, ultralente and lispro insulin, 2142 it inherited type 2 diabetes, 1269 locus for type 2 diabetes, 2212 Glomerular dysfunction, role of thiazolidinedione Glucor Framingham Offspring Study, additive risk model chromosome 2q33, genetic and physical compounds in ameliorating, in diabetic rats, for parental transmission of type 2 diabetes, mapping of JDDM12 to 100-kb phagemid 1022 2201 artificial chromosome clone containing Glomerular hyperfiltration, related to increased S| Glucos Free fatty acids, D2S72-CTLA4-D2S105 on, 492 circulating nitric oxide in young type 1 high association of hepatic fat content and insulin chromosome 3p, in Mexican Americans, diabetics with persistent microalbuminuria, action on, with insulin requirements concentrations of serum insulin linked to, 1258 chiring insulin therapy in type 2 diabetes, 513 Glomerular macrophage recruitment, early, in infus 749 chromosome 4, in NZO and SJL mice, QTL on, streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats, 466 effects of, on endogenous glucose production relation to obesity and susceptibility to Glomerular mesangial cells, role of glucosamine and gluconeogenesis in humans, 701 hyperglycemia resembling type 2 diabetes, in activating plasminogen activator inhibitor role elevation of, role of, in impairing insulin- 1590 1 gene promoter through Spl DNA binding mediated vasodilation and nitric oxide chromosome 6, aberrations in, role in transient sites in, 863 production, 1231 neonatal diabetes, 1359 Glomeruli, diabetic, macrophages in, 466 Glucos French Caucasians, lack of contribution of chromosome 6q27, physical and genetic Glucagon, stimulation of ICER expression by, role genetic variation in hepatocyte nuclear mapping of IDDMS on, 508 of, in repression of insulin gene elev: factor-38 gene (HNF3B) to maturity-onset encoding of p1108 as catalytic subunit of PI 3- transcription in 6-cells, in type 2 diabetes, diabetes of the young in, 302 kinase, in type 2 diabetes, 1740 1681 hep: Fructosamine-3-kinase, mammalian, enterovirus infections in children as risk Glucagon antagonist, receptor-selective, skyrin, function of, in deglycation of fructoselysine factors for B-cell autoimmunity, 1314 2079 and glycated proteins, 1627 glycogen protein PC-1 gene polymorphism, Glucagon-like peptide 1 high identification, cloning, and heterologous insulin resistance in paired sibling agonists, insulinotropic, role of, in stimulating expression of, 1627 analysis, 1601 expression of homeodomain protein IDX-] Fuel selection, in human skeletal muscle in HLA gene, non-class II, association with type 1 and increasing islet size in mouse indu insulin resistance, 677 diabetes maps, 240 kilobase region near pancreas, 741] HLA-B, 2217 as stimulator of insulin gene promoter activity insu G human PC-1 gene, K121Q variant in, by protein kinase A-independent GAA tract of X25/frataxin gene, heterozygous nonassociation with insulin resistance or activation of rat insulin I gene cAMP expansion of, association with insulin type 2 diabetes in Danish Caucasians, 1608 response element, 1156 prot resistance, 1604 leptin receptor gene, mutation in, resistance to (7-36) amide, effect of, on glucose effectiveness GAD65 tolerance, role of co-expression of HLA leptin, in relation to fat mass, 1347 and insulin action in type 2 diabetes, 611 5D4R83 and DQ8 in loss of, in transgenic mice, mousea ndC DN30O D gemnoeu sien TtNyFpRe, | cdhiaarbaectteesr isltoiccuss of, Glucagoofn, -elfifkeect poenp tiisdleet 1aRd aspitgantailoinng ,a nedl imwieniagthito n trigs GAD65-specific autoantibodies, T-cell epitope Idd9.2, 1612 gain, in mice with disrupted leptin and presentation and, influence of, on nonsense mutation (Q310X) of Isl-1 gene, in GLP-1 action, 1552 Glucos progression of type 1 diabetes, 1621 type 2 diabetics with strong family history Glucocorticoids, inhibition of glucose transport Galectin-3 expression, advanced glycation end of type 2 diabetes, as indicator of by, due to insulin resistance in 3T3-L] product-receptor complex modulated by susceptibility, 1597 adipocytes, decrease in GLUT1, GLUT4 diabetic milieu in mesangium by induction population, of CART gene in human obesity, unaffected, 1700 or upregulation of, 1249 872 Glucokinase Gastroparesis, diabetic, remodeling of networks promoter polymorphism T(-107)C of activity, hepatic, defect in, as cause of effects of ICC, in murine model of, 1731 paraoxonase PON] gene, as risk factor for of type 2 diabetes on ability of insulin and Gluco: Gastropathy, role of damage to ICC in coronary heart disease in type 2 diabetics, glucose to regulate splanchnic and muscle pathogenesis of, 1731 1390 glucose metabolism, 272 Gender differences, in hypoglycemic QTL on chromosome 4, in NZO and SJL mice, deficiency, B-cell, hyperglycemia and, counterregulatory responses in type | susceptibility to hyperglycemia resembling association with reduced islet amyloid diabetes, 65 type 2 diabetes, and obesity, relation to, deposition in a mouse model of type 2 Gene disruption, of endothelial and neuronal 1590 diabetes, 2056 Glico: nitric oxide synthase, insulin resistance in rare disorder of, 8-cell proliferation and gene expression, localization of, in rat brain, I mice with, 684 apoptosis in human pancreas, and 693 Gene expression, altered, in rodent pancreatic hyperinsulinism of infancy, 1325 study of regulatory properties of, by site- B-cells, role of dehydroepiandrosterone transcriptional activation of GLUT2 promoter directed mutagenesis, 195 sulfate in, 2012 gene in rats, peroxisomal proliferator subcellular localization, mobility, and kinetic Gluco: Gene transfer, baculovirus mediated, into response element, identification and activity of, in glucose-responsive insulin- pancreatic islet cells, 1986 functional characterization of, by PPAR-y, secreting cells, 2048 Genetic markers, humoral autoimmunity and, as 1517 Gluconeogenesis, predictors of type 1 diabetes in siblings of X25/frataxin gene, heterozygous expansion of endogenous glucose production and, effects of affected children, 48 the GAA tract of, association with insulin free fatty acid on, in humans, 701 Gluco I Genetic modifiers, of insulin resistance phenotype resistance, 1604 fasting, prandial glucose effectiveness and, in I in mice, 589 Genotype/phenotype relationships, in HNF- insulin-resistant first-degree relatives of Genetic obesity, role of, in unmasking nonlinear 4a/MODY1, 832 type 2 diabetics, 2135 Gluco interactions between murine type 2 diabetes Germans, with type | diabetes, vitamin D genes, 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide role susceptibility loci, 1946 receptor allele combinations as influence on riboside as imitator of insulin effects on role Genetic susceptibility, to type 1 diabetes in genetic susceptibility to, 514 expression of, 896 Gluco Germans, vitamin D receptor allele Gestational diabetes mellitus, glucose output and, influence of obesity and gluc combinations as influence on, 514 as risk factor for type 2 diabetes, 782 type 2 diabetes, 1367 Genetic variation, in hepatocyte nuclear factor-3B increased serine/threonine phosphorylation in, renal substrate, renal substrate metabolism mec gene (HNF3B), lack of contribution to 603 and, during hypoglycemia in humans, 1186 maturity-onset diabetes of the young in obese women with, decreased insulin receptor Glucoprivation, ren French Caucasians, 306 tyrosine kinase activity and plasma cell repeated 2-deoxy-b-glucose-induced, role in Genetics, membrane glycoprotein-1 overexpression attenuating Fos expression and AGT,R gene polymorphism, and in skeletal muscle from, 603 glucoregulatory responses during sub hyperglycemia, response to, in early type 1 Girls, obese, association of common promoter subsequent glucoprivation, 1865 diabetgs, implication of nephropathy, 1585 variant of leptin gene with changes in subsequent, role of repeated 2-deoxy-b-glucose- Gluco Gluco SUBJECT INDEX induced glucoprivation in attenuating Fos impaired, pancreatic islets, 2028 expression and glucoregulatory responses insulin secretion and sensitivity in, 975 Glucose-induced insulin secretion, enhanced, in during, 1865 role of glutamine:fructose-6-phosphate rodent pancreatic B-cells, role of Glucoregulation, role of carotid bodies in, and aminotransferase in, in liver of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate in, 2012 insulin-induced hypoglycemia, in dogs, 1434 transgenic mice, 2070 Glucose-induced [CA~*], abnormalities in human Glucoregulatory responses, Fos expression and, insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity in pancreatic islets, role of overstimulation in, role of repeated 2-deoxy-pD-glucose-induced relation to, 975 1840 glucoprivation in attenuating, during Glucose transport, Glucose-mediated glucose disposal, in insulin- subsequent glucoprivation, 1865 activation of, by AMP-activated protein kinase resistant normoglycemic relatives of type 2 Glucosamine, via stimulation of nitric oxide synthase, diabetics, 1209 high glucose and, role of, in inducing insulin 1978 Glucose-regulated anaplerosis, in pancreati« resistance via 3T3-L1 adipocyte altered, metabolic stress and, 527 B-cells, implication of pyruvate/citrate mechanisms, 981 in contracting slow-twitch muscles, shuttle in insulin secretion in, 718 infusion, effects of, on insulin secretion and dissociation of AMP-activated protein Glucose-regulated cataplerosis, in pancreatic insulin action in humans, 926 kinase activation and, 1281 B-cells, implication of pyruvate/citrate role of, in activating plasminogen activator inhibition of, shuttle in insulin secretion in, 718 inhibitor 1 gene promoter through Sp1 by dexamethasone, insulin resistance in Glucose-responsive insulin-secreting cells, DNA binding sites in glomerular mesangial 3T3-L1 adipocytes, decrease in GLUT, subcellular localization, mobility, and kinetic cells, 863 GLUT4 unaffected, 1700 activity of glucokinase in, 2048 Glucose, insulin-stimulated, in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, GLUT 4 vesicle populations, contraction- elevated, association of human glycoprotein role of AICAR in activation of AMPK responsive, role of transferrin receptor in PC-1 gene with, in paired-sibling analysis, in, 1649 defining, in skeletal muscle, 183 1601 insulin-independent, in skeletal muscle under GLUT1, GLUT4 and, role of constitutively active hepatoportal sensing, required role of GLUT2 metabolic stress, AMPK as unifying MAPK kinase in recruiting, at the cell in, in GLUT2-null mice, 1643 coupling mechanism for, 52 surface in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, 332 high, glucosamine and, role of, in inducing lack of involvement of p38 mitogen-activated GLUT1 expression, insulin resistance via 3T3-L1 adipocyte protein kinase in, in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, in cerebral cortex, role of diabetes in 1016 mechanisms, 981] 1783 in retina, role of diabetes in, 1016 induction of endothelin-1 expression by, role of PI 3-kinase as key signaling molecule, gene role of constitutively active MAPK kinase in protein kinase C activation in, 1239 encoding of catalytic subunit p1108 of, increasing, 32392D insulin and, effects of type 2 diabetes on ability type 2 diabetes, 1740 GLUT2-null islets, glucose utilization, signaling to regulate splanchnic and muscle glucose role of activation of p38 mitogen-activated and uptake of in, 1485 metabolism, 272 protein kinase a and £ in stimulation of, GLUT4, protein metabolism and, effect of IGF-I 1794 cell surface, in type 2 diabetic muscle, 648 treatment on, in fasting state and during signal transduction and, characterization of, in fiber type-specific expression of, influence of hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic amino acid skeletal muscle from type 2 diabetics, 284 exercise training on, in human skeletal clamp, 789 Glucose transporter 1, decrease in, inhibition of muscle, 1092 triggering and amplifying pathways of glucose transport by dexamethasone, insulin GLUT1 and, role of constitutively active MAPK regulation of insulin secretion by, 1751 resistance in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, GLUT4 kinase in recruiting, at the cell surface in Glucose disposal, unaffected, 1700 3T3-L1 adipocytes, 332 glucose-mediated, in insulin-resistant Glucose transporter 2(GLUT2), vesicles, of insulin-stimulated skeletal muscle normoglycemic relatives of type 2 promoter in rats, peroxisomal proliferator sustained activation of insulin receptors diabetics, 1209 response element in, identification and internalized in, 1772 role of glycogen targeting subunits of functional characterization of, by PPAR-y Glutamate dehydrogenase gene, protein phosphatase-1 in organizing, 1517 in children, 667 1967 required role of, in hepatoportal glucose predominance of mutations in exons 11 and 12 Glucose effectiveness, sensing, in GLUT2-null mice, 1643 of, 667 effect of glucagon-like peptide 1(7-36) amide Glucose transporter 4, Glutamine:fructose-6-phosphate on, in type 2 diabetes, 611 inhibition of insulin-stimuiated translocation of, aminotransferase, overexpression of, in liver prandial, fasting gluconeogenesis and, in by pancreastatin, in adipocytes of rats, of transgenic mice, role of, in enhanced insulin-resistant first-degree relatives 1288 glycogen storage, hyperlipidemia, obesity of type 2 diabetics, 2135 unaffected, inhibition of glucose transport by and impaired glucose tolerance, 2070 Glucose intolerance, dexamethasone, insulin resistance in 3T3- Glycated proteins, fructoselysine and, deglycation hyperinsulinemia and, association of L1 adipocytes, decrease in GLUT1, 1700 of, function of fructosamine-3-kinase, 1627 dysregulation of insulin/IGF binding Glucose uptake, Glycemia, normalization of, by rosiglitazone protein-1 axis with, in transgenic mice, decreased insulin responsiveness of, in treatment to correct overexpression of 457 cultured human skeletal muscle cells from cellubrevin, vesicle-associated membrane Glucose intolerance, insulin-resistant nondiabetics related to protein-2, and syntaxin 4 in skeletal muscle role of recombinant human betacellulin in type ? disbetics, 1169 of Zucker diabetic fatty rats, 618 ameliorating, in mice with diabetes enhanced stimulation of, by insulin, role of, in Glycerol release, rates of skeletal muscle and induced by selective alloxan perfusion, increasing exercise-stimulated glucose adipose, compared in nonobese and obese 2021 uptake in human skeletal muscle, 1084 subjects, 797 Glucose metabolism, role of brain-derived in GLUT2-null islets, 1485 Glycogen, role of glycogen targeting subunits of neurotrophic factor in regulating, in diabetic insulin, exercise and, in human skeletal muscle, protein phosphatase-| in organizing glucose mice, 436 1084 disposal, 1967 Glucose modulation, of mRNA insulin levels, Glucose utilization, Glycogen phosphorylase, inactivation and role of changes of intracellulaCar* * in, 418 in GLUT2-null islets, 1485 inhibition of, Uy activated metabolite in rat role of transcription factor PDX-1 in, 418 role of murine hepatoportal glucose sensor in liver, 1419 Glucose produétion, stimulating, 1635 Glycogen protein PC-1 gene polymorphism gluconeogenesis and, influence of obesity and Glucose-6-phosphatase, PEPCK and, insulin resistance in paired sibling analysis type 2 diabetes, 1367 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide riboside as 1601 mechanism used by metformin to reduce, in imitator of insulin effects on expression of, Glycogen storage, enhanced, role of type 2 diabetes, 2063 896 glutamine:fructose-6-phosphate renal, as compensation for the liver during Glucose-6-phosphatase flux, increase of in vitro, aminotransferase in, in liver of transgenic anhepatic phase of liver transplantation, in type 2 diabetes, mice, 2070 450 Glucose-6-phosphate, in regulation of glycogen Glycogen synthase, regulation of, by insulin and substrate utilization and, effect of dietary synthase, role of NH.- and COOH-terminal glucose-6-phosphate, role of NH.- and restriction on, in type 2 diabetes, 1691 phosphorylation sites in mediating, 1096 COOH-terminal phosphorylation sites in Glucose signaling, in GLUT2-null islets, 1485 Glucose-induced electrical activity, differential mediating, 1096 Glucose tolerance, patterns of, in single mouse and rat Glycogen synthase kinase-3, potential role of, in SUBJECT INDEX skeletal muscle insulin resistance of type 2 diabetes maps, 240-kb region near HLA-B, exercise, 32/ role of gh diabetes, 263 2217 possible capillary recruitment in interaction amil Glycogen-associated regulatory subunit, of type 1 HLA-DQB1 genotype, cow’s milk consumption, between insulin sensitivity and muscle mice protein phosphatase (PPP1R3) gene and type 1 diabetes and, in siblings of children perfusion on glucose uptake in, 768 Hyperplasia insulin sensitivity, 298 with diabetes, 912 Humans, betwe Glycolaldehyde, HNF-4a-MODY2, genotype/phenotype effects of free fatty acid on endogenous lifespz as reactive intermediate for advanced glycation relationships in, 832 glucose production and gluconeogenesis Hypertroph end products, 1714 HNF-4a/MODY1, reduced pancreatic polypeptide in, 701 betwe role of, in generation of active ligand for response to hypoglycemia and amylin effects of glucosamine infusion on insulin lifespé macrophage scavenger receptor, 1714 response to arginine in, 961 secretion and insulin action in, 926 Hypoglycer Glycosylating enzyme, core 2 GlcNAc (81,6) Homeodomain protein IDX-1, role of healthy, effect of hypoglycemia on amino acid antecede transferase, activity of, in insulinotropic glucagon-like peptide 1 and protein metabolism in, 1543 coul polyraorphonuclear leukocytes, relation to agonists in stimulating expression of, in insulin secretion in vivo, validation of methods effect of, capillary occlusion in diabetic retinopathy, mouse pancreas, 741 for measurement of, 580 met. 1724 Homeodomain protein Ipf-1, complex formation renal substrate metabolism and hyperins Goto-Kakizaki rat, of, in human pancreatic duct cells compared gluconeogenesis during hypoglycemia in, anal diabetes in, accompanied by impaired insulin- to that in human islet cells, 571 1186 inducem mediated myosin-bound phosphatase Hoorn Study, 485 Humoral autoimmune response, infu activation and vascular smooth muscle Human, insulin signaling and action in cultured genetic markers and, as predictors of type 1 insulin-it ceil relaxation, 2178 skeletal muscle cells of, 992 diabetes in siblings of affected children, 48 gluc insulin resistance and myosin phosphate Human adipose tissue, to epitopes of GAD in preclinical childhood persister inhibition in, 2178 association of plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 diabetes, maturation of, 202 ana Graft, xenogeneic islet, early failure of, in NOD 1, transforming growth factor 8,, and BMI Humoral islet autoimmunity, modulation of, by reduced mice, accompanied by high levels of in, during morbid obesity, 1374 pancreas allotransplantation, as influence on HN! interleukin-1 and low levels of transforming immunohistochemical and ultrastructural allograft outcome in type 1 diabetics, 219 renal sul growth factor-B in grafts, 1992 localization of leptin and ieptin receptor Hybrid formation, naturally occurring amino acid glu in, 532 substitutions at Arg1174 in human insulin role of p H relationship of secretion of tumor necrosis receptor result in differential effects on, syn Haploinsufficiency, association with reduced factor-a to insulin-stimuiated glucose 1264 counter! apolipoprotein(AII), apolipoprotein(CIID, transport in, 688 Hyperglycemia, diff lipoprotein(a), and triglyceride levels, 832 Human betacellulir; recombinant, role of, in and AGT,R gene polymorphism, response to, in Hypothalai Hedgehog signaling regulation, of insulin promoting neogenesis of B-cells and in early type 1 diabetes, implication of com production by pancreatic B-cells, 2039 ameliorating glucose intolerance, in mice nephropathy, 1585 facto Hepatic fat content, insulin action and, on free with diabetes induced by selective alloxan hyperlipidemia and, effect of, on 1890 fatty acids and glucose metabolism, perfusion, 2021 atherosclerosis in LDL receptor-deficient Hypothala’ association of, with insulin requirements Human brain, satiation, obesity and, 838 mice, 1064 strep during insulin therapy in type 2 diabetes, Human cells, pancreatic duct compared to islet, relationship of, to progression of - treat) 749 571 microalbuminuria to proteinuria in Type | Hypothala Hepatic gene expression, effect of Human CTLA4/IDDM12 loci, orthologous, overlap diabetes, 94 induc 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide riboside with role of mouse NOD JDD5 locus in resembling type 2 diabetes, susceptibility to, and, on, 896 control of insulitis and diabetes, i744 and relation to obesity, on chromosome 4 neur Hepatic giycogenolysis, reduction of, in rats, by Human fat cells, relationship of secretion of of NZO and SJL mice, 1590 Hypothala BAY R3401, 1419 tumor necrosis factor-a to insulin-stimulated B-cell glucokinase deficiency and, association in mice, Hepatic insulin resistance, role of tumor necrosis glucose transport in, 688 with reduced islet amyloid deposition in tra factor-a in induction of, in obese Zucker rats Human glycoprotein PC-1 gene, association of, mouse model of type 2 diabetes, 2056 locatio via interaction of leukocyte antigen-related with elevated glucose and insulin levels in stress-induced, lack of role of normoglycemia pe} tyrosine phosphatase with focal adhesion paired-sibling analysis, 1601 or hyperinsulinemia in diminishing, in hoi kinase, 810 Human hepatocytes, glucagon antagonistic effects diabetic dogs, 253 role in ¢ Hepatocyte nuclear factor-38 gene (HNF3B), of skyrin in, 2079 stress-induced, role of B-blockade in Hypoxia-s genetic variation in, lack of contribution to Human insulin gene expression, CaM kinase IV- diminishing, in diabetic dogs, 253 nove maturity-onset diabetes of the young in induced, activating transcription factor-2 as Hyperinsulinemia, phot French Caucasians, 306 positive regulator in, 1142 and peripheral insulin resistance, presence of, diab lack of evidence for diabetes-associated Human insulin receptor, naturally occurring in transgenic mice with increased mutations in, in Japanese patients with amino acid substitutions at Arg1174 in, hexosamine flux to B-cells, 1492 I maturity-onset diabetes of the young, 302 result in differential effects on receptor glucose intolerance and, association of IA-2, diab: Hepatocytes, rat and human, glucagon biosynthesis and hybrid formation and lead dysregulation of insulin/IGF binding of, it antagonistic effects of skyrin in, 2079 to discordant clinical phenotypes, 1264 protein-1 axis with, in transgenic mice, 457 Idd9.2, N' Hepatoportal glucose sensing, Human muscle, fatty acid oxidation and lack of role of, in diminishing stress-induced murine, role of, in stimulating glucose regulation of malonyl-CoA in, 1078 hyperglycemia in diabetic dogs, 253 utilization, 1635 Human NES2Y cells, sylfonylurea receptor 1 and relative, evidence for pathogenic role of, in risk IDDMB, p required role of GLUT2 in, in GLUT2-null mice, Kir6.2 expression in, 953 of type 2 diabetes, 2095 chre 1643 Human obesity, mutational analysis and resulting from lipodystrophy in mice caused by IDDM 12, Hexosamine flux, targeted to’ B-cells of transgenic population genetics of CART gene in, 872 apoptosis induced in adipocytes by CLA, kb ] mice, presence of hyperinsulinemia and Human pancreatic islets, role of overstimulation normalization of, by administration of con peripheral insulin resistance, 1492 in glucose-induced [CA**], abnormalities in, leptin, 1534 chre High glucose, role of metformin in restoration of 1840 Hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic amino acid clamp, IGF-1, ink insulin secretion altered by chronic Human PC-1] gene, K121Q variant in, effect of IGF-I treatment on glucose and on pro exposure to, 735 nonassociation with insulin resistance or protein metabolism during, 789 aj High-fat feeding, targeted upregulation of PDK-4 type 2 diabetes in Danish Caucasians, 1608 Hyperinsulinism of infancy (HI), on typ¢ in slow-twitch skeletal muscle, as Human skeletal muscle, developing human pancreas and, B-cell In underlying factor in stable modification of acyl-CoA inhibition of hexokinase in, 1761 proliferation and apoptosis in, 1325 ac regulatory characteristics of PDK induced cells, from insulin-resistant nondiabetics Hyperinsulinism of infancy (HI), persistent, IGF-I tree by, 775 related to type 2 diabetics, insulin genetic analysis of Japanese patients with, 789 HLA class III locus DPB1, influence of, on responsiveness of glucose uptake 114 IgG1 res] susceptibility to type 1 diabetes, 121 decreased in, 1169 Hyperinsulinism/hyperammonemia syndrome, exo HLA DR3, co-expression of, with DQ8, role in exercise, insulin, and glucose uptake in, 1084 molecular basis and characterization of, 667 IgG4, T-h development of spontaneous insulitis and fiber type-specific expression of GLUT in, Hyperlipidemia, role loss of GAD65 tolerance in transgenic mice, influence of exercise training on, 1092 hyperglycemia and, effect of, on pro 548 fuel selection in insulin resistance in, 677 atherosclerosis in LDL receptor-deficient Immune HLA gene, non-class II, association with type 1 insulin signaling and insulin sensitivity in, after mice, 1064 sus : SUBJECT INDEX role of glutamine:fructose-6-phosphate and, in type 2 diabetes, 1033 IR, ,-», mutant insulin receptor, 1194 aminotransferase in, in liver of transgenic Immunization, cellular and humoral, to dietary insulin secretion and, effects of glucosamine mice, 2070 insulin, in infants at genetic risk of type 1 infusion on, in humans, 926 Hyperplasia, role of hypertrophy and, correlation diabetes, effect of cow’s milk and maternal normalization of , by combination of exercise between B-cell mass and body weight in diabetes on, 1657 and TZO therapy, in obese Zucker fatty lifespan of rats, 1341 Immunohistochemical localization, of leptin, rats, 2154 Hypertrophy, role of hyperplasia and, correlation leptin receptor and, in human adipose Insulin analogs, between B-cell mass and body weight in tissue, 532 correlation of receptor binding and metabolic lifespan of rats, 1341 Impaired fasting glucose, insulin secretion and and mitogenic potencies of, 999 Hypoglycemia, sensitivity in, 975 in vitro comparison of, 999 antecedent, effects of, on subsequent Impaired glucose tolerance, Insulin clearance, reduced, longitudinal counterregulatory response to exercise, 73 as risk factor for type 2 diabetes, 782 compensation for fat-induced insulin effect of, on amino acid and protein insulin secretion and sensitivity in, 975 resistance includes, 2116 metabolism, in healthy humans, 1543 In vitro, role of «681 integrin in cell-matrix Insulin concentration, high fasting plasma, as hyperinsulinemic of infancy, persistent, genetic interaction in rat islet B-cell secretion, 233 predictor of type 2 diabetes independent of analysis of Japanese patients with, 114 Inducible cAMP early repressor (ICER), glucagon- insulin resistance, 2094 inducement of, in mice, by portal glucose stimulated expression of, in repression of Insulin effect(s), infusion, 1635 insulin gene transcription in B-cells, mn type during embryogenesis, and determination of insulin-induced, and role of carotid bodies in 2 diabetes, 1681 fetal growth, 82 glucoregulation, in dogs, 1434 Infants, 5-aminoimidazole-+-carboxamide riboside as persistent hyperinsulinemic, of infancy, genetic at genetic risk of type 1 diabetes, effect of imitator of, on expression of analysis of Japanese patients with, 114 cow’s milk and maternal type | diabetes gluconeogenic genes PEPCK and glucose reduced pancreatic polypeptide response to, in on cellular and humoral immunization to 6-phosphatase, 896 HNF-40/MODY1, 961 dietary insulin in, 1657 Insulin gene, renal substrate metabolism and etiopathogenesis of transient neonatal diabetes linkage and association between type 2 gluconeogenesis during, in humans, 1186 in, aberrations of chromosome 6 in, 1359 diabetes and, mediated through paternally role of portal vein afferents in hyperinsulinism in, proliferation of B-cells, and transmitted class III variable number sympathoadrenal response to, 8 apoptosis in human pancreas, 1325 tandem repeat alleles, 126 counterregulatory responses, gender Inheritance, paternal, role of, in association of promoter activity, glucagon-like peptide | as differences in, in type 1 diabetes, 65 low birth weight and diabetes, 445 stimulatorof , by protein kinase A- Hypothalamic inhibitors of leptin signaling, iNOS islets, B-cell apoptosis induced by independent activation of rat insulin | comparison of roles of ciliary neurotrophic cytokines in mice lacking, 1116 gene cAMP response element, 1156 factor and leptin in inducing expression of, Ins-1 cells, inhibitory effect of IGF-1 on NOS-2 transcription, repression of, in B-cells, 1890 expression in, 209 expression of glucagon-stimulated ICER in Hypothalamic melanocortin system, effects of INS-1 pancreatic B-cells, regulation of diabetes- type 2 diabetes, 1681 streptozotocin-induced diabetes and insulin associated autoantigen [A-2 in, 1137 Insulin glargine, as basal insulin of choice in type | = treatment on, in rats, 244 INS-1-derived cell lines, isolation of, with robust diabetics, combination of, with short acting Hypothalamic neuropeptide levels, starvation- ATP-sensitive K* channel-dependent and - insulin analogs, comparison with NPH induced changes in serum corticosterone independent glucose-stimulated insulin ultralente and lispro insulin, 2142 and, comparison of effects of ciliary secretion, 424 Insulin levels, elevated, association of human neurotrophic factor and leptin on, 1890 Insulin, glycoprotein PC-1 gene with, in paired Hypothalamus, dietary, effect of cow’s milk and maternal sibling analysis, 1601 in mice, identification of leptin-induced diabetes on cellular and humoral Insulin mRNA levels, glucose modulation of transcripts in, 1443 immunization to, in infants at risk of type 1 role of changes of intracellular Ca~ in, 418 location of feeding effect of agouti-related diabetes, 1657 role of transcription factor PDX-1 in, 418 peptide in, and a-melanocyte-stimulating enhanced stimulation of glucose uptake in, in Insulin production, pancreatic B-cell, hedgehog hormone, 177 human skeletal muscle, 1084 signaling regulation of, 2039 role in control of energy balance, 1766 exercise, and glucose uptake, in human Insulin promoter factor 1, Hypoxia-stimulated cell surface GLUT4, use of skeletal muscle, 1084 impaired insulin secretion and increased novel impermeable biotinylated glucose and, effects of type 2 diabetes on insulin sensitivity in, 1856 photolabeling reagent to assess, in type 2 ability to regulate splanchnic and muscle pancreatic ductal structures, role of adult diabetic muscle, 648 glucose metabolism, 272 human cytokeratin 19-positive cells in IgG1 and T-helper 2—associated IgG4 responses reexpression of, 1671 I to, role of exposure to exogenous insulin insulin receptor(s), [A-2, diabetes-associated autoantigen, regulation in promoting, 918 a-subunit, role of membrane glycoprotein PC-1! of, in INS-1 pancreatic B-cells, 1137 in rat skeletal muscle, activation of p38 as inhibitor of insulin receptor function Idd9.2, NOD mouse type | diabetes locus, on mitogen-activated protein kinase a and B via, 15 CD30 gene in TNFR, characteristics of, and, by, 1794 function, role of membrane glycoprotein PC-! 1612 in regulation of glycogen synthase, role of NH.- as inhibitor of, via receptor a-subunit, 13 IDDMB, physical and genetic mapping of, on and COOH-terminal phosphorylation sites human, naturally occurring amino acid chromosome 6q27, 508 in mediating, 1096 substitutions at Arg1174 in, result in IDDM 12, genetic and physical mapping of, to 100- osmotic shock and, stimulation of mitogen- differential effects on receptor kb phagemid artificial chromosome clone activated protein kinase cascades by, 1783 biosynthesis and hybrid formation anc containing D2S72-CTLA4-D2S105 on reduced brain transport, association with high- lead to discordant clinical phenotypes chromosome 2q33, 492 fat diet induced obesity, in dogs, 1525 1264 IGF-1, inhibitory effect of, role of, in enhancing bradykinin response in L8 serine residues 1177/78/82 of, on protection against activation-dependent rat skeletal myoblasts, 190 lack of role of, in autophosphorylation, 889 apoptosis, 209 serum, concentrations of, linked to role of, in substrate phosphorylation, 889 on type 2 nitric oxide synthase expression in chromosome 3p in Mexican Americans, substrate 2, disruption of, as cause of type 2 Ins-1 cells and protection against 513 diabetes, 1880 activation-dependent apoptosis, 209 Insulin action, sustained activation of, internalized in GLUT4 IGF-I treatment, in adults with type 1 diabetes, effect of glucagon-like peptide 1(7-36) amide vesicles of insulin-stimulated skeletal 789 on, in type 2 diabetes, 611 muscle, 1772 IgG1 responses to insulin, role of exposure to hepatic fat content and, on free fatty acids and tyrosine kinase, decreased, in skeletal muscle exogenous insulin in promoting, 918 glucose metabolism, association of, with from obese women with gestational IgG4, T-helper 2-associated, responses to insulin, insulin requirements during insulin diabetes mellitus, decreased activity, 603 role of exposure to exogenous insulin in therapy in type 2 diabetes, 749 Insulin requirements, during insulin therapy, promoting, 918 in liver, not impaired by IR, ,;., mutant insulin association of hepatic fat content and Immune complexes, LDL-containing, receptor, 1194 insulin action on free fatty acids and susceptibility of LDL to in vitro oxidation in skeletal muscle, selectively impaired by glucose metabolism with, in type 2 diabetes SUBJECT INDEX 749 role of extracellular calcium-sensing receptor of secretion of tumor necrosis factor-a to, in Insulin resistance, on human. B-cells in modulating, 409 human adipose tissue, 688 and obesity, in human skeletal muscle, role of metformin in restoration of, 735 Insulin-stimulated skeletal muscle, sustained involvement of protein kinase C, 1 IIImD roles of K,;p channels in regulation of, from activation of insulin receptors internalized and type 2 diabetes, nonassociation of human pancreatic B-cells, 311 in GLUT4 vesicles of, 1772 PC-1 gene, K121Q variant in, in Danish triggering and amplifying pathways of Insulin/IGF binding protein-1 axis, dysregulation Caucasians, 1608 regulation of, by glucose, 1751 of, association with hyperinsulinemia and Islet a association of heterozygous expansion of GAA Insulin sensitivity, glucose intolerance in transgenic mice, 457 ‘ tract of X25/frataxin gene, 1604 improved, response of pancreatic B-cells to, in Insulinoma cell lines, selection of, with resistance Islet c divergent regulation of Aktl and Akt2 isoforms women at high risk for type 2 diabetes, to interleukin-18- and y-interferon-induced ( in insulin target tissues of obese Zucker 782 cytotoxicity, 562 Islet ¢ rats with, 847 increased, impaired insulin secretion and, Insulinopenia, induction of PEPCK gene hur fat-induced, longitudinal compensation for, in familiai MODY4, 1856 expression in, in rat small intestine in, 1165 ‘ includes reduced insulin clearance and in insulin promoter factor 1 gene, 1856 Insulitis, diabetes and, role of mouse NOD [DD5 enhanced £-cell response, 2116 insulin secretion and, in relation to glucose locus in control of, overlap with orthologous fuel selection in human skeletal muscle in, 677 tolerance, 975 CTLA4/IDDM12 and NRAMP1 loci in glycogen protein PC-1 gene polymorphism as insulin signaling and, after exercise in human humans, 1744 nec indicator of, in paired sibling analysis, skeletal muscle, 325 Insulitis, spontaneous, role of co-expression of 1601 interleukin-6 gene polymorphism and, 517 HLA DR3 and DQ8 in development of, in high fasting plasma insulin concentration as liver, reduction of, by troglitazone, in normal transgenic mice, 548 pal predictor of type 2 diabetes, independent animals, 2087 Interferon-y receptor signaling, role of, in of, 2094 polymorphism in glycogen-associated development of autoimmune type | diabetes Islet i in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, inhibition of glucose regulatory subunit of type 1 protein in NOD mice, 2007 transport by dexamethasone, decrease in phosphatase (PPP1R3) gene and, 298 Interleukin (IL)-18, TNF-a, and VEGF release of, GLUT1, GLUT4 unaffected, 1700 possible capillary recruitment in interaction in microphages of db/db mice with altered Islet s in hypertensive rats, Cd36 and molecular between muscle perfusion and, on glucose cytokine and nitric oxide secretion, type 2 mechanisms of , 2222 uptake in human skeletal muscle, 768 diabetes, 1451 lipid-induced, acyl-CoA as potential mechanism role of cell-matrix interactions in rat islet B-cell Interleukin-1, Islet | of, 1761 secretion in vitro in, 233 high levels of, in grafts, accompanying early muscle, BIRKO-MIRKO mouse model to Insulin signaling, graft failure of xenogeneic islets, in NOD Islet | explore interaction between B-cell action and, in ealtured human skeletal muscle mice, 1992 dysfunction and, in development of type 2 cells, 992 preferential activation of JNK pathway by, for diabetes, 2126 insulin sensitivity and, after exercise in human control of apoptosis in differentiating muscle fat oxidation in, 677 skeletal muscle, 325 pancreatic B-cells, 1468 Islet- myosin phosphate inhibition and, in Goto- modulation of, by pancreastatin, in adipocytes Interleukin-12, endogenous, in NOD mice, Kakizaki rat, 2178 of rats, 1288 suppression and acceleration of peripheral, and hyperinsulinemia, presence of, Insulin target tissues, divergent regulation of Akt1l autoimmune diabetes by neutralization of, in transgenic mice with increased and Akt2 isoforms in, of obese insulin- 1998 Islets hexosamine flux tq -cells, 1492 resistant Zucker rats, 847 Interleukin-18-induced alteration, in B-cell role of high glucose ana glucosamine in Insulin therapy, association of hepatic fat content phenotype, inducing, in 3T3-L1 adipocyte and insulin action on free fatty acids and lack of role of, in reducing cellular sensitivity mechanisms, 981 glucose metabolism with insulin to cytokine-induced apoptosis, 340 Islets skeletal muscle, potential role of glycogen requirements during, in type 2 diabetes, 749 role of, in reducing cellular sensitivity to synthase kinase-3, in, in type 2 diabetes, Insulin transport, delayed, across endothelium in necrosis-causing conditions, 340 Islets 263 insulin-resistant JCR:LA-cp rats, 803 Interleukin-1B8-induced cytotoxicity, selection of use of clinical factors to estimate, in type 1 Insulin treatment, streptozotocin-induced insulinoma cell lines with resistance to, 562 diabetes, 626 diabetes and, effects of, on hypothalamic Interleukin-6 gene polymorphism, insulin Insulin resistance phenotype, in mice, genetic melanocortin system and muscle uncoupling sensitivity and, 517 Isop! modifiers of, 589 protein 3 expression in rats, 244 Interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC), damage to role in Insulin responsiveness, of glucose uptake, Insulin-mediated vasodilation, role of free fatty pathogenesis of diabetic gastropathy, 1731 decreased in cultured human skeletal acid elevation in impairing, 123 Interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) networks, muscle cells from insulin-resistant Insulin-producing RINM5F cells, protection of, remodeling of, in murine model of diabetic J nondiabetics related to type 2 diabetics, against cytokine-mediated toxicity through gastroparesis, 1731 Japa 1169 overexpression of antioxidant enzymes, Intracellular antioxidant enzyme production, InsBu-lcienl l,s ecefrfeetcito n,o f acute overexpression of lactate Insulin1-1r2e3s istance, in first-degree relatives of type 2 dneefpehcrtoipvea,t hyi,n ty2p1e7 0 1 diabetics with la dehydrogenase-A on, 1149 diabetics, prandial glucose effectiveness and Intracellular Ca**, role of, in glucose modulation cerulenin and, in rat pancreatic islets, 712 fasting gluconeogenesis in, 2135 of insulin mRNA levels, 418 endogenous, accurate measurement of, 373 Insulin-resistant normoglycemic relatives, of type 2 Intracellular calcium responses, differential enhanced glucose-induced, in rodent diabetics, glucose-mediated glucose disposal patterns of, in single mouse and rat pdaenhcyrderaoteipc iaBn-cderloiss,t erroolne e ofs ulfate in, 2012 in, 1209 pancreatic islets, 2028 entraining of high-frequency pulsatile, failure of Insulin-secreting cells, Intracerebroventricular leptin infusion, physiological plasma glucose excursions, cloning of T-type Ca** channel isoform in, 59 involvement of thyroid hormones in effect 1334 derived from embryonic stem cells, use of, to of, on uncoupling protein-3 expression in rat impaired, increased insulin sensitivity and, normalize glycemia in streptozotocin- muscle, 1101 in familial MODY4, 1856 induced diabetic mice, 157 Intrauterine, exposure to diabetes, risk of obesity i” insulin promoter factor 1 gene, 1856 glucose-responsive, subcellular localization, and type 2 diabetes associated with, 2208 in humans in vivo, validation of methods for mobility, and kinetic activity of IR, ,;2, mutant insulin receptor, measurement of, 580 glucokinase in, 2048 lack of role of, in impairment of insulin action in pancreatic B-cells, implication of rat pancreatic islets and, quantitative and in liver, 1194 pyruvate/citrate shuttle in, 718 functional characterization of muscarinic role of, in impairment of insulin action in insulin action and, effects of glucosamine receptor subtypes in, 392 skeletal muscle, 1194 infusion on, in humans, 926 Insulin-stimulated cell surface GLUT4, use of IRS-2”° mice, type 2 diabetes and, 1880 insulin sensitivity and, in relation to glucose novel impermeable biotinylated Ischemia, muscle glucose uptake activated by, in tolerance, 975 photolabeling reagent to assess, in type 2 type 2 diabetes, 1178 isolation of INS-1-derived cell lines with robust diabetic muscle, 648 Islet adaptation, weight gain and, effect of ATP-sensitive K* channel-dependent and - Insulin-stimulated glucose transport, inhibition of, elimination of GLP-1 receptor signaling on, independent glucose-stimulated, 424 in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, role of AICAR in in mice with disruption of leptin and GLP-1 protein acylation and, in rat pancreatic islets, activation of AMPK in, 1649 action, 1552 712 Insulin-stimulated glucose transport, relationship Islet amyloid deposition, reduced, in mouse