DEVELOPING INTERACTIVE MULTIMEDIA FOR READING AND WRITING LEARNING MATERIALS FOR GRADE X STUDENTS OF SMA N 2 YOGYAKARTA A Thesis Presented as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Attainment of a Sarjana Pendidikan Degree in English Language Education By: Istikharoh 10202244060 ENGLISH LANGUAGE EDUCATION DEPARTMENT FACULTY OF LANGUAGES AND ARTS STATE UNIVERSITY OF YOGYAKARTA 2015 ii iii iv MOTTO ارسي رِ سعْلا عم نَّ ِإ ً ْ ُ ْ ُ َ َ “Verily with every hardship come s ease.” (Q.S. Al Inshirah: 6) “If there is a will, there is a way” v DEDICATIONS I fully dedicate this thesis to my beloved parents and my lovely little sister who are always patient to wait for my graduation. Thank you very much for all your big support, motivation, prayer, and love. vi vii TABLE OF CONTENTS TITLE PAGE ...................................................................................................... i APPROVAL SHEET ......................................................................................... ii RATIFICATION SHEET ................................................................................. iii PERNYATAAN .................................................................................................. iv MOTTO ............................................................................................................. v DEDICATION .................................................................................................. vi AKNOWLEDGMENTS .................................................................................. vii TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................................................ viii LIST OF TABLES ........................................................................................... xii LIST OF FIGURES ........................................................................................ xiv LIST OF APPENDICES ................................................................................. xix ABSTRACT .................................................................................................... xx CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION A. Background of the Study ........................................................................ 1 B. Identification of the Problem .................................................................. 3 C. Delimitation of the Problem ................................................................... 7 D. Formulation of the Problem .................................................................... 8 E. Objectives of the Research ..................................................................... 8 F. Significances of the Research ................................................................. 9 CHAPTER II. LITERATURE REVIEW AND CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK A. Literature Review ................................................................................. 10 viii 1. Curriculum 2013 .............................................................................. 10 a. Curriculum ............................................................................... 10 b. Curriculum 2013 ....................................................................... 11 2. Reading and Writing ....................................................................... 16 a. The Importance of Reading and Writing ................................... 16 b. Definition of Reading ............................................................... 16 c. Definition of Reading Skills ...................................................... 17 d. Reading Processes .................................................................... 17 e. Reading Subskills ..................................................................... 18 f. Intensive and Extensive Reading ............................................... 18 g. Principles for Teaching Reading Skills ...................................... 19 h. Definition of Writing ................................................................ 19 i. Types of Written Language ....................................................... 20 j. Reading Comprehension Skill and Writing Stages .................... 21 k. Types of Classroom Writing Performances ............................... 23 l. Principles for Teaching Writing Skills ...................................... 23 3. Interactive Multimedia .................................................................... 24 a. Definition of Multimedia .......................................................... 24 b. Definition of Interactive Multimedia ......................................... 25 c. The Impact of Interactive Multimedia on Learning ................... 26 d. Interactive Multimedia in the Teaching and Learning Process ..................................................................................... 27 e. Criteria of Interactive Multimedia ............................................. 31 ix f. Types of Interactive Multimedia ............................................... 34 g. Principles of Interactive Multimedia ......................................... 35 h. Instructional Design of Interactive Multimedia ......................... 37 i. Theories of Learning ................................................................. 38 4. Communicative Language Teaching ............................................... 40 a. Definition of Communicative Language Teaching .................... 40 b. Characteristics of CLT Approach .............................................. 41 c. The Techniques and the Materials of CLT ................................ 42 B. Review of Relevant Studies .................................................................. 43 C. Conceptual Framework ......................................................................... 44 CHAPTER III. RESEARCH METHOD A. Type of Research .................................................................................. 47 B. Research Setting ................................................................................... 47 C. Research Subjects ................................................................................. 48 D. Research Procedure .............................................................................. 48 E. Data Collection Techniques .................................................................. 50 F. Data Collection Instruments ................................................................. 51 G. Data Analysis Techniques .................................................................... 53 CHAPTER IV. RESEARCH FINDINGS AND DISCUSSIONS A. Research Findings ................................................................................. 56 1. The Description of the Needs .......................................................... 56 2. The Flowchart ................................................................................ 69 3. The Course Grid ............................................................................. 70 x